CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-289R-FR2J-6M55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:00TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the filename parameter in /setting/setUpgradeFW.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the filename parameter in /setting/setUpgradeFW.",
"id": "GHSA-289r-fr2j-6m55",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:00:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/N600R/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-28C3-VCGC-4W82
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00Several high privileged APIs on the Vizio P65-F1 6.0.31.4-2 and E50x-E1 10.0.31.4-2 Smart TVs do not enforce access controls, allowing an unauthenticated threat actor to access privileged functionality, leading to OS command execution. The specific attack methodology is a file upload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27944"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-26T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Several high privileged APIs on the Vizio P65-F1 6.0.31.4-2 and E50x-E1 10.0.31.4-2 Smart TVs do not enforce access controls, allowing an unauthenticated threat actor to access privileged functionality, leading to OS command execution. The specific attack methodology is a file upload.",
"id": "GHSA-28c3-vcgc-4w82",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:12:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27944"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.l9group.com/advisories/vizio-tv-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vizio.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-28CJ-W6XW-4V98
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-03 00:00 – Updated: 2026-07-05 00:31PrinterLogic Web Stack versions 19.1.1.13 SP9 and below do not sanitize user input resulting in pre-auth remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42638"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-01T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PrinterLogic Web Stack versions 19.1.1.13 SP9 and below do not sanitize user input resulting in pre-auth remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-28cj-w6xw-4v98",
"modified": "2026-07-05T00:31:24Z",
"published": "2022-02-03T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portswigger.net/daily-swig/printerlogic-vendor-addresses-triple-rce-threat-against-all-connected-endpoints"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/127194/security/printerlogic-printer-management-suite-flaws.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://thecyberthrone.in/2022/01/26/printerlogic-%F0%9F%96%A8-fixes-critical-vulnerabilities-in-its-suite/?utm_source=rss\u0026utm_medium=rss\u0026utm_campaign=printerlogic-%25f0%259f%2596%25a8-fixes-critical-vulnerabilities-in-its-suite"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.printerlogic.com/security-bulletin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.securityweek.com/printerlogic-patches-code-execution-flaws-printer-management-suite"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.yahooinc.com/paranoids/paranoids-vulnerability-research-printerlogic-issues-security-alert"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://printerlogic.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-28F5-3RF2-GPM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:45Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects RBK852 before 3.2.17.12, RBK853 before 3.2.17.12, RBK854 before 3.2.17.12, RBR850 before 3.2.17.12, and RBS850 before 3.2.17.12.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29079"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-23T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects RBK852 before 3.2.17.12, RBK853 before 3.2.17.12, RBK854 before 3.2.17.12, RBR850 before 3.2.17.12, and RBS850 before 3.2.17.12.",
"id": "GHSA-28f5-3rf2-gpm8",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:45:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:45:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000063020/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-Some-WiFi-Routers-PSV-2020-0470"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-28GR-86HG-R48W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-08-31 22:43 – Updated: 2021-09-23 19:27ep_imageconvert is a plugin for Etherpad Lite. ep_imageconvert <= 0.0.2 is vulnerable to remote command injection.
Authentication is not required for remote exploitation.
Recommendation
Update to version 0.0.3 or greater.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.0.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ep_imageconvert"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-3364"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:07:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ep_imageconvert is a plugin for [Etherpad Lite](https://github.com/ether/etherpad-lite). ep_imageconvert \u003c= 0.0.2 is vulnerable to remote command injection.\n\nAuthentication is not required for remote exploitation.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 0.0.3 or greater.",
"id": "GHSA-28gr-86hg-r48w",
"modified": "2021-09-23T19:27:57Z",
"published": "2020-08-31T22:43:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-3364"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/redhog/ep_imageconvert/pull/5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/redhog/ep_imageconvert"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/npm:ep_imageconvert:20130506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Unauthenticated Remote Command Injection in ep_imageconvert"
}
GHSA-28RC-568H-QQ5J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00The Telus Wi-Fi Hub (PRV65B444A-S-TS) with firmware version 3.00.20 is affected by an authenticated command injection vulnerability in multiple parameters passed to tr69_cmd.cgi. A remote attacker connected to the router's LAN and authenticated with a super user account, or using a bypass authentication vulnerability like CVE-2021-20090 could leverage this issue to run commands or gain a shell as root on the target device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20122"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-11T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Telus Wi-Fi Hub (PRV65B444A-S-TS) with firmware version 3.00.20 is affected by an authenticated command injection vulnerability in multiple parameters passed to tr69_cmd.cgi. A remote attacker connected to the router\u0027s LAN and authenticated with a super user account, or using a bypass authentication vulnerability like CVE-2021-20090 could leverage this issue to run commands or gain a shell as root on the target device.",
"id": "GHSA-28rc-568h-qq5j",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2021-41"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-28VJ-4CR8-Q6X4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. This vulnerability affects the function setPasswordCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument admuser/admpass results in os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9512"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-25T23:16:34Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. This vulnerability affects the function setPasswordCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument admuser/admpass results in os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-28vj-4cr8-q6x4",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:52Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9512"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/totolink4/vuln_50/50.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365512"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365512/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-28WX-V484-3QCH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-08 15:30 – Updated: 2026-02-11 21:30A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-615 4.10. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file adv_routing.php of the component Web Configuration Interface. Performing a manipulation of the argument dest_ip/ submask/ gw results in os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2152"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-08T13:16:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-615 4.10. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file adv_routing.php of the component Web Configuration Interface. Performing a manipulation of the argument dest_ip/\u00a0submask/\u00a0gw results in os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-28wx-v484-3qch",
"modified": "2026-02-11T21:30:35Z",
"published": "2026-02-08T15:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2152"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pentagonal-time-3a7.notion.site/DIR-615-routing-command-injection-2f6e5dd4c5a580089587f5e78a1bbf70?pvs=74"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.748032"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-28XH-WPGR-7FM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-06-20 15:35 – Updated: 2020-08-31 18:31Versions of open before 6.0.0 are vulnerable to command injection when unsanitized user input is passed in.
The package does come with the following warning in the readme:
The same care should be taken when calling open as if you were calling child_process.exec directly. If it is an executable it will run in a new shell.
Recommendation
open is now the deprecated opn package. Upgrading to the latest version is likely have unwanted effects since it now has a very different API but will prevent this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "open"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-06-20T15:35:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Versions of `open` before 6.0.0 are vulnerable to command injection when unsanitized user input is passed in.\n\nThe package does come with the following warning in the readme:\n\n```\nThe same care should be taken when calling open as if you were calling child_process.exec directly. If it is an executable it will run in a new shell.\n```\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\n`open` is now the deprecated `opn` package. Upgrading to the latest version is likely have unwanted effects since it now has a very different API but will prevent this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-28xh-wpgr-7fm8",
"modified": "2020-08-31T18:31:51Z",
"published": "2019-06-20T15:35:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pwnall/node-open/issues/68"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pwnall/node-open/issues/69"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/319473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/663"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Command Injection in open"
}
GHSA-293M-75QG-JWRV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-03 21:31A flaw has been found in D-Link DIR-868L 110b03. This affects the function sub_1BF84 of the component SSDP Service. This manipulation of the argument ST causes os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3485"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-03T21:16:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in D-Link DIR-868L 110b03. This affects the function sub_1BF84 of the component SSDP Service. This manipulation of the argument ST causes os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-293m-75qg-jwrv",
"modified": "2026-03-03T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T21:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kn0sinna.notion.site/dlink-dir-868l-ssdp-command-injection-30eb1876cd6e80caa691de6fe5cab59c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.348560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.348560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.764759"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.