CWE-674

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.2.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-47831"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-14T19:45:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-14T18:15:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe image optimization feature of Next.js contained a vulnerability which allowed for a potential Denial of Service (DoS) condition which could lead to excessive CPU consumption.\n\n**Not affected:**\n- The `next.config.js` file is configured with `images.unoptimized` set to `true` or `images.loader` set to a non-default value.\n- The Next.js application is hosted on Vercel. \n\n### Patches\nThis issue was fully patched in Next.js `14.2.7`. We recommend that users upgrade to at least this version.\n\n### Workarounds\nEnsure that the `next.config.js` file has either `images.unoptimized`, `images.loader` or `images.loaderFile` assigned.\n\n#### Credits\nBrandon Dahler (brandondahler), AWS\nDimitrios Vlastaras",
  "id": "GHSA-g77x-44xx-532m",
  "modified": "2024-11-08T18:55:47Z",
  "published": "2024-10-14T19:45:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-g77x-44xx-532m"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47831"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/d11cbc9ff0b1aaefabcba9afe1e562e0b1fde65a"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Denial of Service condition in Next.js image optimization"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43519"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-11-09T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Stack overflow in lua_resume of ldo.c in Lua Interpreter 5.1.0~5.4.4 allows attackers to perform a Denial of Service via a crafted script file.",
  "id": "GHSA-g78p-3v3v-h7wm",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:20:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:20:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43519"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/C7XHFYHGSZKL53VCLSJSAJ6VMFGAIXKO"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/P3EMGAQ5Y6GXJLY4K5DUOOEQT4MZ4J4F"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lua-users.org/lists/lua-l/2021-10/msg00123.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lua-users.org/lists/lua-l/2021-11/msg00015.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44033"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-08T13:17:17Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Uncontrolled recursion in XMLNode::ParseXMLElement() and XMLNode::emptyTheNode() in the bundled XML parser (ofstd/libsrc/ofxml.cc) of OFFIS DCMTK 3.7.0 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service (stack exhaustion and process crash) via a crafted XML document with deeply nested elements. The parser is reachable through dcmencap when encapsulating a CDA document, and through any application that calls OFXMLParser::parseFile() or OFXMLParser::parseString() on untrusted input. The issue is fixed in commit d12e350e687530eb41e2b0c860aff4d8c04e5941.",
  "id": "GHSA-g7gr-959v-68f6",
  "modified": "2026-10-08T15:32:58Z",
  "published": "2026-10-08T15:32:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44033"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/DCMTK/dcmtk/commit/d12e350e687530eb41e2b0c860aff4d8c04e5941"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.dcmtk.org/redmine/issues/1214"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/getkin/kin-openapi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.149.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-100354"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-15T20:20:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-15T17:17:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nkin-openapi\u0027s spec loader and spec-time validator both handle circular schema references safely: the loader resolves circular `$ref`s on purpose (to support recursive data structures), and `Schema.validate()` uses stack-based cycle detection. `Validate()` therefore accepts a schema whose `allOf` / `anyOf` / `oneOf` chain refers back to itself, returning no error.\n\nThe runtime validators do not have that protection. When such a schema is used for request or response validation, the recursion through the combinator chain is unbounded. In Go this produces a **fatal stack overflow** (`runtime: goroutine stack exceeds ... limit` / `fatal error: stack overflow`), which is **not** a recoverable panic. `recover()` cannot catch it, so `net/http`\u0027s per-connection recovery does not help. The entire process is terminated, including all goroutines serving unrelated clients.\n\nTwo independent unguarded recursion sites were confirmed:\n\n1. `openapi3/schema.go` \u2014 `visitJSON` / `visitXOFOperations` (reached by `VisitJSON`, i.e. response validation and direct schema validation).\n2. `openapi3filter/req_resp_decoder.go` \u2014 `decodeValue` (reached first during request parameter decoding). The report also identifies the same gap in `urlValuesDecoder.parseValue` and `buildResObj`/`buildFromSchemas`.\n\n## Details \n### Root Cause\n\n`Schema.validate()` has cycle detection (`openapi3/schema.go:1396`):\n\n```go\nfunc (schema *Schema) validate(ctx context.Context, stack []*Schema) ([]*Schema, error) {\n\tif slices.Contains(stack, schema) {\n\t\treturn stack, nil\n\t}\n\t// ...\n\tstack = append(stack, schema)\n```\n\nThe runtime visitor has none. `visitJSON` (line 1951) calls `visitXOFOperations` (line 2189), which iterates the combinator slice and calls `visitJSON` again on each sub-schema:\n\n```go\nfunc (schema *Schema) visitXOFOperations(settings *schemaValidationSettings, value any) (err error, run bool) {\n\t// ...\n\tfor idx, item := range v { // v = schema.OneOf / AnyOf / AllOf\n\t\tv := item.Value\n\t\t// no check for item.Value == schema (or any ancestor)\n\t\tif err := v.visitJSON(settings, tempValue); err != nil { // recurses forever on a cycle\n```\n\nThe request-decoding path has the same structure in `decodeValue` (`openapi3filter/req_resp_decoder.go:270`):\n\n```go\nfunc decodeValue(dec valueDecoder, param string, sm *openapi3.SerializationMethod, schema *openapi3.SchemaRef, required bool) (any, bool, error) {\n\tif len(schema.Value.AllOf) \u003e 0 {\n\t\tfor _, sr := range schema.Value.AllOf {\n\t\t\tvalue, f, err = decodeValue(dec, param, sm, sr, required) // no cycle check\n```\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n### Environment\n\n- kin-openapi v0.144.0 (tag `v0.144.0`, commit `f0407d5`)\n- Go 1.26.7\n\n### Path A: response / direct schema validation (`VisitJSON`)\n\nA schema whose `allOf` refers to itself. `Validate()` is called first to show the schema is accepted, then `VisitJSON()`:\n\n```go\nrecursiveSchema := \u0026openapi3.Schema{\n\tType:       \u0026openapi3.Types{\"object\"},\n\tProperties: openapi3.Schemas{\"name\": {Value: \u0026openapi3.Schema{Type: \u0026openapi3.Types{\"string\"}}}},\n}\nrecursiveSchema.AllOf = openapi3.SchemaRefs{{Value: recursiveSchema}} // circular\n\n_ = recursiveSchema.Validate(ctx)                       // accepted, no error\n_ = recursiveSchema.VisitJSON(map[string]any{\"name\": \"test\"}) // crashes\n```\n\nOutput:\n\n```\nValidate() ACCEPTED the circular schema (no error) -- spec-time cycle detection tolerates it\nCalling VisitJSON() -- expect fatal stack overflow (unrecoverable)...\nruntime: goroutine stack exceeds 1000000000-byte limit\nfatal error: stack overflow\n\ngoroutine 1 [running]:\ngithub.com/getkin/kin-openapi/openapi3.(*Schema).visitJSON(...)\n\topenapi3/schema.go:1951\ngithub.com/getkin/kin-openapi/openapi3.(*Schema).visitXOFOperations(...)\n\topenapi3/schema.go:2309\ngithub.com/getkin/kin-openapi/openapi3.(*Schema).visitJSON(...)\n\topenapi3/schema.go:1981\ngithub.com/getkin/kin-openapi/openapi3.(*Schema).visitXOFOperations(...)\n\topenapi3/schema.go:2309\n... (repeats until stack overflow)\n```\n\nA `defer recover()` placed around the call did **not** catch the fatal error \u2014 the process aborted with a non-zero exit code, confirming it is unrecoverable.\n\n### Path B: HTTP request validation against a loaded spec (realistic delivery)\n\nA legal OAS 3.0 spec with a circular `allOf` `$ref`, loaded normally, served behind a standard `net/http` handler using `openapi3filter.ValidateRequest`:\n\n```yaml\nopenapi: \u00273.0.0\u0027\ninfo: { title: Circular allOf crash PoC, version: \u00271.0\u0027 }\npaths:\n  /test:\n    get:\n      parameters:\n        - name: data\n          in: query\n          schema: { $ref: \u0027#/components/schemas/Recursive\u0027 }\n      responses: { \u0027200\u0027: { description: OK } }\ncomponents:\n  schemas:\n    Recursive:\n      type: object\n      allOf:\n        - $ref: \u0027#/components/schemas/Recursive\u0027\n      properties:\n        name: { type: string }\n```\n\nA single `GET /test?data=x` crashes the whole server process:\n\n```\nValidate() ACCEPTED the spec with circular allOf $ref\nSending GET /test?data=x through a real net/http server...\nruntime: goroutine stack exceeds 1000000000-byte limit\nfatal error: stack overflow\n...\ngithub.com/getkin/kin-openapi/openapi3filter.decodeValue(...)\n\topenapi3filter/req_resp_decoder.go:278\ngithub.com/getkin/kin-openapi/openapi3filter.decodeValue(...)\n\topenapi3filter/req_resp_decoder.go:278\n... (repeats until stack overflow)\n```\n\nThe line printed after the request (\"the process survived\") was never reached, and the process exited with a non-zero code \u2014 the standard `net/http` per-connection `recover()` did not save it. This is the key distinction from a recoverable panic: a fatal stack overflow takes the entire process down regardless of host.\n\n### Fix verification\n\nAdding stack-based cycle detection to both sites (matching `validate()`\u0027s pattern) eliminated the crash:\n\n- `visitJSON` guard: `VisitJSON()` returned normally instead of crashing.\n- `decodeValue` guard: the same `GET /test?data=x` returned a clean `400`:\n\n```\nResponse: 400 \"invalid: parameter \\\"data\\\" in query has an error: circular schema reference detected while decoding\"\nIf you see this line, the process survived.\n```\n\n## Impact\n\nAn unrecoverable, whole-process denial of service. Because the crash is a fatal Go runtime error (not a panic), it cannot be contained by `net/http`\u0027s per-request recovery, so **A:H applies to all host types**, unlike a recoverable-panic bug.\n\nAttack surface, in order of exposure:\n\n- **Applications that load OpenAPI specs from untrusted or semi-trusted sources** (API gateways, spec linters/validators, mock servers, documentation generators). An attacker supplies a spec containing a circular combinator, and any subsequent request/response validation crashes the service. This is the primary remote-attacker scenario.\n- **Applications serving a fixed, trusted spec that happens to contain a circular `allOf`/`anyOf`/`oneOf`.** Here any client request to the affected endpoint crashes the process. The spec author does not need malicious intent; a degenerate recursive combinator is enough. This is a latent reliability bug that becomes remotely triggerable once present.",
  "id": "GHSA-g8cf-rcjf-c8cf",
  "modified": "2026-10-15T20:20:37Z",
  "published": "2026-10-15T20:20:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getkin/kin-openapi/security/advisories/GHSA-g8cf-rcjf-c8cf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-100354"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getkin/kin-openapi/commit/9245cef66c840e27a08409a8a5cd0ee930c5bcff"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/getkin/kin-openapi"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getkin/kin-openapi/releases/tag/v0.149.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "kin-openapi: Uncontrolled Recursion on Circular allOf/anyOf/oneOf Schemas Causes Fatal Process Crash"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-9996"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-04-10T22:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in cplus-dem.c in GNU libiberty, as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.30. Stack Exhaustion occurs in the C++ demangling functions provided by libiberty, and there are recursive stack frames: demangle_template_value_parm, demangle_integral_value, and demangle_expression.",
  "id": "GHSA-g8cr-hg2h-9wfr",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:53:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9996"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=85304"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103733"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-18898"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-19T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A stack exhaustion issue in the printIFDStructure function of Exiv2 0.27 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (DOS) via a crafted file.",
  "id": "GHSA-g97p-564p-26xp",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:11:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-18898"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/issues/741"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/674.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-6071"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-24T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An exploitable denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the resource record-parsing functionality of Videolabs libmicrodns 0.1.0. When parsing compressed labels in mDNS messages, the compression pointer is followed without checking for recursion, leading to a denial of service. An attacker can send an mDNS message to trigger this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-g97q-39hw-52p8",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:12:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:12:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6071"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202005-10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-0994"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4671"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-110259"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-14T15:17:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "OW2 ASM 3.0 before 9.11 contains an uncontrolled recursion vulnerability in ClassWriter.replaceAsmInstructions() that allows attackers to cause denial of service through crafted class files. Attackers can supply a class with a large method containing many long forward jumps, triggering unbounded toByteArray() recursion and a StackOverflowError during transformation.",
  "id": "GHSA-g9hx-mj27-r452",
  "modified": "2026-10-14T15:32:22Z",
  "published": "2026-10-14T15:32:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-110259"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://asm.ow2.io/versions.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.ow2.org/asm/asm/-/blob/ASM_9_10_1/asm/src/main/java/org/objectweb/asm/ClassWriter.java#L751"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.ow2.org/asm/asm/-/commit/e9aca627c17e1619bcb8059afb43382dac6b275f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.ow2.org/asm/asm/-/merge_requests/459"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ow2-asm-3.0-before-9.11-uncontrolled-recursion-via-classwriter-replaceasminstructions"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 11.5.13"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.docx4j:docx4j-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.5.14"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-53752"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-17T21:55:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\ndocx4j\u0027s `PropertyResolver` and several adjacent helpers recursively walk the OpenXML style inheritance chain (`w:basedOn`) without cycle detection. \n\nA WordprocessingML document containing a cyclic style chain (for example, Style A based on B and Style B based on A) causes unbounded recursion and a `java.lang.StackOverflowError` within the property-resolution code path.\n\nThese helpers are used by operations that require effective style resolution, including common conversion and TOC-related paths.  As a result, most server-side pipelines that accept a user-supplied docx and process it through docx4j can likely be crashed by a file containing a cyclic style reference.\n\n### Details\n\nRepresentative snippet: `PropertyResolver.fillPPrStack`\n\n```java\nprivate void fillPPrStack(String styleId, Stack\u003cPPr\u003e pPrStack) {\n    Style style = liveStyles.get(styleId);\n    ...\n    // if it is based on, recurse\n    if (style.getBasedOn() == null) {\n        log.debug(\"Style \" + styleId + \" is a root style.\");\n    } else if (style.getBasedOn().getVal() != null) {\n        String basedOnStyleName = style.getBasedOn().getVal();\n        fillPPrStack(basedOnStyleName, pPrStack);   // \u2190 unbounded recursion\n        ...\n```\n\n### Impact\nThis is a denial of service against a server-side application that processes untrusted docx files via docx4j. \n\nAn upload causes the processing thread to be terminated with `StackOverflowError` which may crash the worker thread, degrade the thread pool, or evade normal per-request CPU and heap-memory safeguards in containers and serverless functions (because the failure mode is thread-stack exhaustion rather than gradual resource consumption).\n\nThe attack depends on the host application\u0027s access controls and requires no user interaction beyond submitting the file. Detection is difficult because the file is a well-formed OOXML package containing ordinary style elements,  and passes standard antivirus and content-inspection rules.\n\nSeverity: High for server-side applications that process untrusted DOCX files using docx4j style/property resolution (unless the application catches StackOverflowError, isolates conversion in disposable worker processes, restarts workers cleanly, and the practical impact is only failure of one request). Severity may be Medium where document upload requires authentication, processing is isolated, or the failure is limited to a single request/worker.\n\n### Credits\nThanks to Koh You Liang ([@Isopach](https://github.com/Isopach)) for responsibly disclosing this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-gc95-3vw8-vg43",
  "modified": "2026-08-17T21:55:49Z",
  "published": "2026-08-17T21:55:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/plutext/docx4j/security/advisories/GHSA-gc95-3vw8-vg43"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/plutext/docx4j"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/plutext/docx4j/releases/tag/docx4j-11.5.14"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "docx4j: Stack Overflow via Cyclic `w:basedOn` Style Chain leads to Denial of Service"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-93435"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-17T23:18:54Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "redis-parser through 3.0.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the RESP protocol parser that allows malicious Redis endpoints to crash the client process through unbounded recursion on nested arrays. Attackers can send crafted RESP byte streams with repeated array headers that exhaust the V8 call stack, causing an uncaught RangeError that terminates the Node.js process without triggering error handling callbacks.",
  "id": "GHSA-gf2v-78w3-qhcv",
  "modified": "2026-09-28T15:31:29Z",
  "published": "2026-09-18T00:31:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-93435"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/NodeRedis/node-redis-parser/issues/66"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/redis/ioredis/issues/2108"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/NodeRedis/node-redis-parser"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/NodeRedis/node-redis-parser/blob/701655430f5f7d9ca00892a02f7eefcbc1193a98/lib/parser.js#L204-L213"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/NodeRedis/node-redis-parser/blob/701655430f5f7d9ca00892a02f7eefcbc1193a98/lib/parser.js#L291-L306"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/redis-parser-through-3.0.0-denial-of-service-via-unbounded-recursion"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}