Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-674
Allowed-with-ReviewUncontrolled Recursion
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.
740 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-58227 (GCVE-0-2026-58227)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 14:39 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TLS/DTLS denial of service via unbounded recursion on cross-signed peer certificate chain
Summary
The Erlang/OTP ssl application does not detect cycles when reconstructing an incomplete peer certificate chain during a TLS or DTLS handshake. In ssl_certificate:handle_incomplete_chain/5, the received chain is passed to ssl_certificate:build_certificate_chain/5, which walks issuer relationships via ssl_certificate:do_certificate_chain/7 with no cycle detection and no depth limit. When the peer supplies two mutually cross-signed certificates in unordered form (A issues B, B issues A), the issuer lookup alternates between the two certificates and the pair of functions recurses indefinitely, growing the call stack and chain accumulator without bound.
An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a crafted certificate chain in a TLS or DTLS Certificate handshake message to exhaust available memory and crash the BEAM node. Only a TCP connection and a partial handshake are required; no authentication or completed handshake is needed, and both TLS/DTLS servers and clients are affected when processing peer certificate messages.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 23.2 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to ssl from 10.2 before 11.7.4, 11.6.0.4 and 11.2.12.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-27 17:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-58227.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-58227 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0307bff2c72b… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/241d43703989… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/7db647201779… | patch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-58178 (GCVE-0-2026-58178)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 08:43 – Updated: 2026-07-29 13:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Traffic Server: ESI plugin allows uncontrolled recursion and server-side request forgery
Summary
The Apache Traffic Server ESI plugin can recurse without bound and fetch attacker-controlled URLs.
This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 8.0.0 through 8.1.9, from 9.0.0 through 9.2.14, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.3.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.15 or 10.1.4, which fix the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 13:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/5prl9glcm9g2swnq9… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Traffic Server |
Affected:
8.0.0 , ≤ 8.1.9
(semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.2.14 (semver) Affected: 10.0.0 , ≤ 10.1.3 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-57081 (GCVE-0-2026-57081)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 11:05 – Updated: 2026-07-20 06:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Net::BitTorrent versions through 2.1.0 for Perl allow remote memory exhaustion via deeply nested bencoded input
Summary
Net::BitTorrent versions through 2.1.0 for Perl allow remote memory exhaustion via deeply nested bencoded input.
bdecode recurses once per nested list or dictionary level with no depth cap, and each recursive call receives the remaining buffer by value while the list and dictionary branches capture the whole remainder, so every live recursion frame keeps its own copy of the shrinking buffer (O(N^2) bytes for an N-deep input). The decoder runs on every untrusted bencode source: .torrent files, BEP09 metadata fetched from peers, DHT messages, and tracker responses.
A bencoded input of roughly 150,000 nested lists (about 150 KB on the wire) drives multi-gigabyte peak memory, so one short message from any peer, or one crafted .torrent file or magnet link, terminates the client.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-30 15:04 UTC
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sanko/Net-BitTorrent.pm/securi… | vendor-advisory |
| https://metacpan.org/release/SANKO/Net-BitTorrent… | release-notes |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SANKO | Net::BitTorrent |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-56148 (GCVE-0-2026-56148)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 16:17 – Updated: 2026-07-01 17:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Uncontrolled Recursion in Elasticsearch Leading to Denial of Service
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) in Elasticsearch can lead to a denial of service via Excessive Allocation (CAPEC-130). An authenticated user can submit a specially crafted query that causes excessive resource consumption while the request is processed, which may render the affected node unavailable.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-01 17:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic | Elasticsearch |
Affected:
9.4.0 , ≤ 9.4.2
(semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.3.5 (semver) Affected: 8.0.0 , ≤ 8.19.16 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-55594 (GCVE-0-2026-55594)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 18:58 – Updated: 2026-07-02 14:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ImageMagick: Stack Overflow in MVG decoder due to missing depth check.
Summary
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-51 and 7.1.2-26, a missing depth check in the MVG decoder will result in a stack overflow when a crafted image is provided. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.9.13-51 and 7.1.2-26.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-02 14:37 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
>= 7.0.1-0, < 7.1.2-26
Affected: < 6.9.13-51 |
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CVE-2026-55588 (GCVE-0-2026-55588)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 20:32 – Updated: 2026-08-27 14:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ORAS CLI: Cyclic Referrer Graph Can Cause Unbounded Recursion and Resource Consumption
Summary
ORAS (OCI Registry As Storage) is a CLI and library for managing artifacts in OCI registries. In ORAS CLI versions up to and including 1.3.2, the recursive referrer traversal does not track visited descriptors, so a malicious OCI registry that returns a cyclic referrer graph causes unbounded recursion and memory growth. This affects oras discover, whose recursive traversal is enabled by default because the --depth option defaults to 0 (unlimited), as well as the recursive referrer counting used by the oras backup and oras restore workflows. A cyclic graph can be as simple as A referring to B and B referring back to A. A malicious registry can use this to cause a client-side denial of service, exhausting CPU and memory and hanging automation or CI/CD pipelines that run ORAS against untrusted registry metadata. The vulnerability does not extend to code execution, artifact substitution, or integrity bypass. This issue has been fixed in version 1.3.3.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 13:52 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/oras-project/oras/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/oras-project/oras/commit/440eb… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| oras-project | oras |
Affected:
< 1.3.3
|
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CVE-2026-54888 (GCVE-0-2026-54888)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-29 19:10 – Updated: 2026-06-30 04:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Uncontrolled recursion over deeply nested Markdown crashes the BEAM in mdex
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in leandrocp mdex allows denial of service via deeply nested Markdown input.
mdex converts between an Elixir %MDEx.Document{} struct and Comrak's internal AST using two mutually recursive Rust functions, ex_document_to_comrak_ast and comrak_ast_to_ex_document, in the NIF source file document.rs. Neither function enforces a maximum nesting depth, so the recursion depth is bounded only by the structure of the input. An attacker who can get a Markdown document rendered (for example through MDEx.parse_document!/1 or MDEx.to_html/1) can supply a document with thousands of nested block quotes, which drives unbounded recursion across the NIF boundary and exhausts the native C stack.
Because the resulting stack overflow is an uncatchable SIGSEGV raised inside a NIF, it cannot be contained by the Erlang runtime. It terminates the operating system process running the BEAM, killing every Elixir and Erlang process on the node, not just the caller that triggered the render. No authentication or special privileges are required.
The vulnerable conversion code was extracted from mdex into the separate mdex_native package starting in mdex 0.12.3. This issue affects mdex from 0.3.0 before 0.12.3 and mdex_native from 0.1.0 before 0.2.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-29 20:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/leandrocp/mdex_native/security… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54888.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54888 | related |
| https://github.com/leandrocp/mdex_native/commit/9… | patch |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| leandrocp | mdex |
Affected:
0.3.0 , < 0.12.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:leandrocp:mdex:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| leandrocp | mdex |
Affected:
d0bc7d55177727c61d188ef465178ab3b81f4f2c , < 6ed94d905f97af188323f042698ae841c02293b4
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:leandrocp:mdex:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| leandrocp | mdex_native |
Affected:
0.1.0 , < 0.2.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:leandrocp:mdex_native:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| leandrocp | mdex_native |
Affected:
956528c5e31746253347029e810a969ab916fd27 , < 947696c47bc22bea5dffc0f78c946fa6b70ce183
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:leandrocp:mdex_native:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-54623 (GCVE-0-2026-54623)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 18:02 – Updated: 2026-08-20 18:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
django CMS: Plugin move endpoint allows cyclic reparenting (DoS)
Summary
django CMS is an easy-to-use and developer-friendly enterprise content management system powered by Django. Prior to 5.0.8, the move_plugin endpoint in cms/admin/placeholderadmin.py accepts an attacker-controlled plugin_parent value without rejecting a plugin’s own identifier or a descendant identifier. A staff user with plugin-change permission under CMS_PERMISSION can create a parent_id cycle in the plugin tree. The _get_descendants_cte and _get_ancestors_cte queries in cms/models/pluginmodel.py have no cycle guard, so get_descendants() and later rendering, copy, or delete operations can recurse indefinitely or reach a database recursion limit, corrupting the tree and consuming request workers. This issue is fixed in versions 5.0.8.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 18:44 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/django-cms/django-cms/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/django-cms/django-cms/pull/8645 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/django-cms/django-cms/commit/7… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/django-cms/django-cms/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| django-cms | django-cms |
Affected:
< 5.0.8
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CVE-2026-54297 (GCVE-0-2026-54297)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 15:50 – Updated: 2026-08-14 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Faraday: Uncontrolled recursion in NestedParamsEncoder allows stack exhaustion DoS via deeply nested query parameters
Summary
Faraday is an HTTP client library abstraction layer that provides a common interface over many adapters. From 1.0.0 until 1.10.6 and 2.14.3, Faraday::NestedParamsEncoder, the default nested query parameter encoder/decoder in Faraday, decodes nested query strings without enforcing a maximum nesting depth. A crafted query string causes Faraday to build a deeply nested Ruby Hash structure. The internal dehash routine then recursively walks this attacker-controlled structure without a depth limit. At sufficient depth, Ruby raises an uncaught SystemStackError (stack level too deep), crashing the calling thread or worker. This can lead to denial of service in applications that pass attacker-controlled query strings to Faraday's nested query parsing or URL-building paths. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.10.6 and 2.14.3.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 17:02 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lostisland/faraday/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-54297 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2492252 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50223 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50222 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50263 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50221 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lostisland | faraday |
Affected:
>= 1.0.0, < 1.10.6
Affected: >= 2.0.0.alpha.pre.1, < 2.14.3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:1.10.6-1.el8sat , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6.16::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.10.6-1.el9sat , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6.16::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.10.6-1.el9sat , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6.17::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.10.6-1.el9sat , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6.18::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_capsule:6.18::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6.19 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.10.6-1.el9sat , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6.19::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_capsule:6.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_3scale_amp:2
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6
|
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CVE-2026-54269 (GCVE-0-2026-54269)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 16:23 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
protobufjs: Schema-derived names can shadow runtime-significant properties
Summary
protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 8.6.0 and 7.6.3, protobufjs accepted certain schema-derived names that could collide with properties used by protobufjs runtime helpers. The known affected names are fields named hasOwnProperty, field or oneof names such as $type when loaded through protobufjs JSON/reflection descriptors, and service methods whose generated helper name is rpcCall. When affected message or service types were used, protobufjs could read schema-controlled data where it expected an own-property helper, reflected type metadata, or the base RPC helper. This could cause deterministic exceptions or recursive calls in affected decode post-checks, verification, object conversion, reflected JSON serialization, or protobufjs RPC helper invocation. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.6.0 and 7.6.3.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 16:07 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| protobufjs | protobuf.js |
Affected:
< 7.6.3
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.6.0 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-54269",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-23T16:07:04.844722Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T16:09:36.165Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "protobuf.js",
"vendor": "protobufjs",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 7.6.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c 8.6.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 8.6.0 and 7.6.3, protobufjs accepted certain schema-derived names that could collide with properties used by protobufjs runtime helpers. The known affected names are fields named hasOwnProperty, field or oneof names such as $type when loaded through protobufjs JSON/reflection descriptors, and service methods whose generated helper name is rpcCall. When affected message or service types were used, protobufjs could read schema-controlled data where it expected an own-property helper, reflected type metadata, or the base RPC helper. This could cause deterministic exceptions or recursive calls in affected decode post-checks, verification, object conversion, reflected JSON serialization, or protobufjs RPC helper invocation. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.6.0 and 7.6.3."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-674",
"description": "CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-754",
"description": "CWE-754: Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-22T16:23:24.383Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/security/advisories/GHSA-f38q-mgvj-vph7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/security/advisories/GHSA-f38q-mgvj-vph7"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-f38q-mgvj-vph7",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "protobufjs: Schema-derived names can shadow runtime-significant properties"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-54269",
"datePublished": "2026-06-22T16:23:24.383Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-12T17:13:32.279Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T16:09:36.165Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that an end condition will be reached under all logic conditions. The end condition may include checking against the depth of recursion and exiting with an error if the recursion goes too deep. The complexity of the end condition contributes to the effectiveness of this action.
Mitigation
Implementation
Increase the stack size.
CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.
CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.