Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-674

Allowed-with-Review

Uncontrolled Recursion

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

906 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-102278 (GCVE-0-2026-102278)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-28 20:57 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:02
VLAI
Title
brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion on nested brace groups causing stack exhaustion
Summary
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.20, 2.1.6, 3.0.8, and 5.0.11, deeply nested brace groups cause expand_() to recurse once per nesting level at comma-member and single-set expansion sites, exhausting the native stack before output limits can apply and potentially terminating the Node.js process. expand_ performs uncontrolled recursion for nested brace alternatives and single-part sets. deeply nested brace groups supplied as an untrusted pattern. expand_ is affected. expand is affected. Comma members is affected. Single set is affected. native stack exhaustion during nested sub-expansion. process-terminating denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.20, 2.1.6, 3.0.8, and 5.0.11.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 15:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
juliangruber brace-expansion Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 5.0.11
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.8
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.6
Affected: < 1.1.20
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-102276 (GCVE-0-2026-102276)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-28 20:50 – Updated: 2026-09-29 13:38
VLAI
Title
brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion in parseCommaParts causing stack exhaustion
Summary
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10, crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts because parseCommaParts recursively processes the remainder once per brace group and uses push.apply to pass every element of a very large comma-part array as a function argument. Patterns containing many comma-separated brace groups trigger the recursive path, while the large array triggers the argument-array path without deep recursion. These paths cause recursive and argument-array native stack exhaustion before max or maxLength can limit output, potentially terminating the Node.js process in a process-terminating denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 13:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
juliangruber brace-expansion Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 5.0.10
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.7
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.5
Affected: < 1.1.19
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-102265 (GCVE-0-2026-102265)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-28 20:48 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:01
VLAI
Title
PyJWT: Uncaught RecursionError in jwt.decode() on deeply nested token header
Summary
PyJWT is a Python implementation of JSON Web Token standards. From 2.13.0 until 2.14.0, PyJWS._load in jwt/api_jws.py is affected because parser catches ValueError but not RecursionError. This occurs when a deeply nested token header reaches json.loads. As a result, RecursionError escapes the documented PyJWT error hierarchy. Consequently, an unauthenticated malformed token can cause a request-level failure and HTTP 500. This issue is fixed in version 2.14.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 15:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jpadilla pyjwt Affected: >= 2.13.0, < 2.14.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-100702 (GCVE-0-2026-100702)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-26 13:23 – Updated: 2026-09-26 23:11
VLAI
Title
Nodemailer before 10.0.2 Stack Exhaustion via Nested Recipient Arrays
Summary
Nodemailer before 10.0.2 fails to properly flatten deeply nested arrays in recipient fields such as to, cc, and bcc, allowing attackers to cause stack exhaustion. Attackers can supply a deeply nested JSON recipient array that triggers recursive Array.toString() conversion, exhausting the call stack and terminating the Node.js process.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-26 23:11 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6398 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nodemailer nodemailer Affected: 0 , < 10.0.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 10.0.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:nodemailer:nodemailer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-10 00:00
Credits
ry2811
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-100354 (GCVE-0-2026-100354)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 16:02 – Updated: 2026-10-15 18:31
VLAI
Title
kin-openapi: Uncontrolled Recursion on Circular allOf/anyOf/oneOf Schemas Causes Fatal Process Crash
Summary
kin-openapi is a Go project for handling OpenAPI files. Prior to 0.149.0, runtime request, response, and direct schema validation lacks cycle detection when an allOf, anyOf, or oneOf chain refers back to an ancestor schema, even though loading and document validation accept the circular reference. A request or response that reaches the affected schema causes unbounded recursion in Schema.visitJSON or openapi3filter.decodeValue and exhausts the Go goroutine stack. The resulting fatal stack overflow cannot be caught with recover and terminates the entire process, including unrelated requests. This issue is fixed in version 0.149.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 18:31 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getkin kin-openapi Affected: < 0.149.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-96289 (GCVE-0-2026-96289)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-02 12:07 – Updated: 2026-10-02 12:30
VLAI
Title
Apache Thrift: php `--gen php:inlined` struct readers (and `TProtocol::skipBinary`) have no recursion-depth guard
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Thrift PHP bindings. This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.25.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.25.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-02 12:30 UTC
CWE
Assigner
apache CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 943 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Thrift Affected: 0 , < 0.25.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-96288 (GCVE-0-2026-96288)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-02 11:18 – Updated: 2026-10-02 16:10
VLAI
Title
Apache Thrift: Erlang generated struct reads have no recursion-depth guard (unbounded memory)
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion, Allocation of resources without limits or throttling vulnerability in Apache Thrift Erlang bindings. This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.25.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.25.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-02 16:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of resources without limits or throttling
Assigner
apache CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 943 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Thrift Affected: 0 , < 0.25.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-95861 (GCVE-0-2026-95861)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 18:47 – Updated: 2026-09-22 19:34
VLAI
Summary
A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit an Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability found in certain UniFi gateway devices to execute a Denial of Service (DoS) attack on the device.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 19:34 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Ubiquiti CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 58/100 over 35 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-95844 (GCVE-0-2026-95844)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 16:29 – Updated: 2026-09-29 02:02
VLAI
Title
Moquette deeply nested MQTT topics can cause stack exhaustion
Summary
Moquette is a lightweight Java MQTT broker. Prior to 0.18.1, Moquette does not limit the depth of topic names and topic filters before processing them through recursive CTrie insertion and matching operations. A remote client can publish or subscribe with a deeply nested topic, causing a StackOverflowError that disrupts session processing and can deny service to broker clients. This issue is fixed in version 0.18.1.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 02:02 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
moquette-io moquette Affected: < 0.18.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-94650 (GCVE-0-2026-94650)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-02 10:49 – Updated: 2026-10-02 16:12
VLAI
Title
Apache Thrift: c_glib generated struct readers have no recursion-depth guard (native stack exhaustion)
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Thrift c_glib bindings. This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.25.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.25.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-02 16:11 UTC
CWE
Assigner
apache CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 943 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Thrift Affected: 0 , < 0.25.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Sylwester Lachiewicz
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that an end condition will be reached under all logic conditions. The end condition may include checking against the depth of recursion and exiting with an error if the recursion goes too deep. The complexity of the end condition contributes to the effectiveness of this action.

Mitigation
Implementation

Increase the stack size.

CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads

Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.

CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads

An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.

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