Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-12061 (GCVE-0-2024-12061)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-18 03:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:33
VLAI
Title
Events Addon for Elementor <= 2.2.3 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Post Disclosure
Summary
The Events Addon for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.3 via the naevents_elementor_template shortcode due to insufficient restrictions on which posts can be included. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to extract data from private or draft posts created by Elementor that they should not have access to.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-18 16:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nicheaddons Events Addon for Elementor Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.2.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Francesco Carlucci
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-12059 (GCVE-0-2024-12059)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-12 05:24 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:24
VLAI
Title
ElementInvader Addons for Elementor <= 1.3.1 - Missing Authorization to Arbitrary Options Read
Summary
The ElementInvader Addons for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.1 via the eli_option_value shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to extract arbitrary options from the wp_options table.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-12 15:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Francesco Carlucci
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-12046 (GCVE-0-2024-12046)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-04 07:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:26
VLAI
Title
Medical Addon for Elementor <= 1.6.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Contributor+) Sensitive Information Exposure via Shortcode
Summary
The Medical Addon for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.6.2 via the 'namedical_elementor_template' shortcode due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to read the content of draft, pending, and private posts.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-04 15:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nicheaddons Medical Addon for Elementor Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.6.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Francesco Carlucci
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-11915 (GCVE-0-2024-11915)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-11 07:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:48
VLAI
Title
RRAddons for Elementor <= 1.1.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Post Disclosure
Summary
The RRAddons for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.0 via the Popup block due to insufficient restrictions on which posts can be included. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to extract data from private or draft posts that they should not have access to.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-13 17:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
rrdevs RRAddons for Elementor Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.1.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Ankit Patel
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-11318 (GCVE-0-2024-11318)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-18 13:47 – Updated: 2024-11-18 14:08
VLAI
Title
IDOR vulnerability in AbsysNet
Summary
An IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference) vulnerability has been discovered in AbsysNet, affecting version 2.3.1. This vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to obtain the session of an unauthenticated user by brute-force attacking the session identifier on the "/cgi-bin/ocap/" endpoint.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-18 14:03 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Baratz Innovación AbsysNet Affected: 2.3.1
Create a notification for this product.
baratz_innovacion absysnet Affected: 2.3.1
    cpe:2.3:a:baratz_innovacion:absysnet:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-11-18 11:00
Credits
Jordi Forès
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-11300 (GCVE-0-2024-11300)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:11 – Updated: 2025-10-15 12:49
VLAI
Title
Improper Access Control in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
In lunary-ai/lunary before version 1.6.3, an improper access control vulnerability exists where a user can access prompt data of another user. This issue affects version 1.6.2 and the main branch. The vulnerability allows unauthorized users to view sensitive prompt data by accessing specific URLs, leading to potential exposure of critical information.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-20 14:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
@huntr_ai CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 38 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lunary-ai lunary-ai/lunary Affected: unspecified , < 1.6.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-11285 (GCVE-0-2024-11285)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-14 04:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:35
VLAI
Title
WP JobHunt <= 7.1 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via Email Update/Account Takeover
Summary
The WP JobHunt plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 7.1. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their details like email via the account_settings_callback() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user's email addresses, including administrators, and leverage that to reset the user's password and gain access to their account.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-14 15:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a WP JobHunt Affected: 0 , ≤ 7.1 (semver)
Credits
Tonn
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-11284 (GCVE-0-2024-11284)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-14 04:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:05
VLAI
Title
WP JobHunt <= 7.1 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via Password Reset/Account Takeover
Summary
The WP JobHunt plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 6.9. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their password through the account_settings_save_callback() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user's passwords, including administrators, and leverage that to gain access to their account.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-14 13:59 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a WP JobHunt Affected: 0 , ≤ 7.1 (semver)
Credits
Tonn
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-11275 (GCVE-0-2024-11275)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-13 08:24 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:26
VLAI
Title
WP Timetics- AI-powered Appointment Booking Calendar and Online Scheduling Plugin <= 1.0.27 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary User Deletion
Summary
The WP Timetics- AI-powered Appointment Booking Calendar and Online Scheduling Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the /wp-json/timetics/v1/customers/ REST API endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.27. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Timetics Customer access and above, to delete arbitrary users.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-13 21:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Thanh Nam Tran
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-11216 (GCVE-0-2024-11216)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-05 13:02 – Updated: 2026-06-02 06:38
VLAI
Title
Broken Access Control in PozitifIK's Pik Online
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key, Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in PozitifIK Pik Online allows Account Footprinting, Session Hijacking. This issue affects Pik Online: before 3.1.5.
Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-05 14:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
  • CWE-359 - Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
PozitifIK Pik Online Affected: 0 , < 3.1.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Mucahit IC
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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