Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5714 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-6329 (GCVE-0-2025-6329)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-20 09:31 – Updated: 2025-06-20 13:51
VLAI
Title
ScriptAndTools Real Estate Management System User Delete userdelete.php authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was found in ScriptAndTools Real Estate Management System 1.0. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file userdelete.php of the component User Delete Handler. The manipulation of the argument ID leads to authorization bypass. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-20 13:50 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3843 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.313325 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.313325 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.596472 third-party-advisory
https://www.websecurityinsights.my.id/2025/06/scr… exploit
Impacted products
Credits
Maloy Roy Orko MaloyRoyOrko (VulDB User) MaloyRoyOrko (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-6038 (GCVE-0-2025-6038)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-09 03:23 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:12
VLAI
Title
Lisfinity Core - Lisfinity Core plugin used for pebas® Lisfinity WordPress theme <= 1.4.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Privilege Escalation
Summary
The Lisfinity Core - Lisfinity Core plugin used for pebas® Lisfinity WordPress theme plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via password update in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.0. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their password. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change arbitrary user's passwords, including those of administrators.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-09 13:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Alyudin Nafiie
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-5949 (GCVE-0-2025-5949)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-01 04:27 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:12
VLAI
Title
Service Finder Bookings <= 6.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Privilege Escalation via change_candidate_password
Summary
The Service Finder Bookings plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 6.0. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to processing a password change request. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber access or higher to reset other users' passwords, including those of admins.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-03 20:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
aonetheme Service Finder Bookings Affected: 0 , ≤ 6.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Friderika Baranyai
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-5948 (GCVE-0-2025-5948)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-19 05:28 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:03
VLAI
Title
Service Finder Bookings <= 6.0 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via claim_business
Summary
The Service Finder Bookings plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 6.0. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to claiming a business when using the claim_business AJAX action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to login as any user including admins. Please note that subscriber privileges or brute-forcing are needed when completing the business takeover. The claim_id is needed to takeover the admin account, but brute-forcing is a practical approach to obtaining valid IDs.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-19 11:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
aonetheme Service Finder Bookings Affected: 0 , ≤ 6.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Friderika Baranyai
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-5947 (GCVE-0-2025-5947)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-01 03:24 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:19
VLAI
Title
Service Finder Bookings <= 6.0 - Authentication Bypass via User Switch Cookie
Summary
The Service Finder Bookings plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 6.0. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's cookie value prior to logging them in through the service_finder_switch_back() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to login as any user including admins.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-09 16:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
aonetheme Service Finder Bookings Affected: 0 , ≤ 6.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Friderika Baranyai
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-5681 (GCVE-0-2025-5681)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-21 11:05 – Updated: 2026-06-05 14:13
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Turtek Software's Eyotek
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Turtek Software Eyotek allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers. This issue affects Eyotek: before 23.06.2025.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-21 12:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Turtek Software Eyotek Affected: 0 , < 23.06.2025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Sahnur Eren ALOGLU
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-5518 (GCVE-0-2025-5518)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 08:00 – Updated: 2026-06-05 14:16
VLAI
Title
IDOR in ArgusTech's BILGER
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability with user privileges in ArgusTech BILGER allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers. This issue affects BILGER: before 2.4.6.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-16 19:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ArgusTech BILGER Affected: 0 , < 2.4.6 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Sahnur Eren Aloglu Bilishim Cyber Security and Artificial Intelligence Ltd
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-5261 (GCVE-0-2025-5261)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-20 08:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 14:26
VLAI
Title
IDOR in PozitifIK's Pik Online
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Pik Online Yazılım Çözümleri A.Ş. Pik Online allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers. This issue affects Pik Online: before 3.1.5.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-20 18:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Şahnur Eren ALOĞLU
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-5195 (GCVE-0-2025-5195)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-12 10:31 – Updated: 2025-06-12 13:25
VLAI
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab
Summary
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 17.9 before 17.10.7, 17.11 before 17.11.3, and 18.0 before 18.0.1. It was possible for authenticated users to access arbitrary compliance frameworks, leading to unauthorized data disclosure.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-12 13:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitLab CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 304 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/534960 issue-trackingpermissions-required
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GitLab GitLab Affected: 17.9 , < 17.10.8 (semver)
Affected: 17.11 , < 17.11.4 (semver)
Affected: 18.0 , < 18.0.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
This vulnerability has been discovered internally by GitLab team.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-5182 (GCVE-0-2025-5182)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-26 11:00 – Updated: 2025-05-28 17:35
VLAI
Title
Summer Pearl Group Vacation Rental Management Platform Listing authorization
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Summer Pearl Group Vacation Rental Management Platform up to 1.0.1 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Listing Handler. The manipulation leads to authorization bypass. The attack can be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.2 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-27 14:18 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3843 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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