CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2303 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3573-4C68-G8CC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 19:22 – Updated: 2026-01-08 21:19Security Advisory: Open Redirect in Directus SAML Authentication
Summary
An open redirect vulnerability exists in the Directus SAML authentication callback endpoint. The RelayState parameter is used in redirects without proper validation against an allowlist of permitted domains.
Vulnerability Description
During SAML authentication, the RelayState parameter is intended to preserve the user's original destination. However, while the login initiation flow validates redirect targets against allowed domains, this validation is not applied to the callback endpoint. This allows an attacker to craft a malicious authentication request that redirects users to an arbitrary external URL upon completion.
The vulnerability is present in both the success and error handling paths of the callback.
Impact
- Phishing: Users can be redirected to attacker-controlled sites that mimic legitimate login pages
- Credential theft: Chained attacks may leverage the redirect to capture OAuth tokens or authorization codes
- Trust erosion: Users may lose confidence in the application's security posture
This vulnerability can be exploited without authentication.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "directus"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.14.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@directus/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "32.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22032"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-06T19:22:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-08T15:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Security Advisory: Open Redirect in Directus SAML Authentication\n\n### Summary\n\nAn open redirect vulnerability exists in the Directus SAML authentication callback endpoint. The `RelayState` parameter is used in redirects without proper validation against an allowlist of permitted domains.\n\n### Vulnerability Description\n\nDuring SAML authentication, the `RelayState` parameter is intended to preserve the user\u0027s original destination. However, while the login initiation flow validates redirect targets against allowed domains, this validation is not applied to the callback endpoint. This allows an attacker to craft a malicious authentication request that redirects users to an arbitrary external URL upon completion.\n\nThe vulnerability is present in both the success and error handling paths of the callback.\n\n### Impact\n\n- **Phishing**: Users can be redirected to attacker-controlled sites that mimic legitimate login pages\n- **Credential theft**: Chained attacks may leverage the redirect to capture OAuth tokens or authorization codes\n- **Trust erosion**: Users may lose confidence in the application\u0027s security posture\n\nThis vulnerability can be exploited without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-3573-4c68-g8cc",
"modified": "2026-01-08T21:19:04Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T19:22:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus/security/advisories/GHSA-3573-4c68-g8cc"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22032"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus/commit/dad9576ea9362905cc4de8028d3877caff36dc23"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Directus has open redirect in SAML"
}
GHSA-35GF-XJGF-96C5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 18:30 – Updated: 2023-07-12 22:31Jenkins OpenShift Login Plugin 1.1.0.227.v27e08dfb_1a_20 and earlier improperly determines that a redirect URL after login is legitimately pointing to Jenkins.
This allows attackers to perform phishing attacks by having users go to a Jenkins URL that will forward them to a different site after successful authentication.
OpenShift Login Plugin 1.1.0.230.v5d7030b_f5432 only redirects to relative (Jenkins) URLs.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.openshift.jenkins:openshift-login"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.0.230.v5d7030b"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37947"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-12T22:31:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T16:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins OpenShift Login Plugin 1.1.0.227.v27e08dfb_1a_20 and earlier improperly determines that a redirect URL after login is legitimately pointing to Jenkins.\n\nThis allows attackers to perform phishing attacks by having users go to a Jenkins URL that will forward them to a different site after successful authentication.\n\nOpenShift Login Plugin 1.1.0.230.v5d7030b_f5432 only redirects to relative (Jenkins) URLs.",
"id": "GHSA-35gf-xjgf-96c5",
"modified": "2023-07-12T22:31:12Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-07-12/#SECURITY-2999"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/12/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins OpenShift Login Plugin vulnerable to Open Redirect"
}
GHSA-35VC-W93W-75C2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-21 16:24 – Updated: 2023-10-02 12:09Impact
Using programmatic access on protected sites, one can get a signed login URL with pomerium_redirect_uri set to an arbitrary URL. Then, if the user has already logged into Pomerium, they will be redirected to the specified pomerium_redirect_uri with a JWT attached. This allows an outside attacker to get a signed login URL that, upon visiting it, will redirect a victim to the attacker’s site. This creates an issue of Open Redirect and, more seriously, JWT leakage.
With a leaked JWT, the attacker will be able to unveil the victim’s identity (.e.g. email address) by supplying the JWT to the authenticate service or verify.pomerium.com. In addition, if an application integrating Pomerium only verifies the iss claim and others but not the aud claim, the attacker will be able to access it as the victim.
Specific Go Packages Affected
github.com/pomerium/pomerium/proxy
Patches
Patched in Pomerium v0.13.4
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory * Open an issue in pomerium * Email us at security@pomerium.com
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/pomerium/pomerium"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.13.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29651"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-20T20:25:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nUsing programmatic access on protected sites, one can get a signed login URL with pomerium_redirect_uri set to an arbitrary URL. Then, if the user has already logged into Pomerium, they will be redirected to the specified pomerium_redirect_uri with a JWT attached. This allows an outside attacker to get a signed login URL that, upon visiting it, will redirect a victim to the attacker\u2019s site. This creates an issue of Open Redirect and, more seriously, JWT leakage.\n\nWith a leaked JWT, the attacker will be able to unveil the victim\u2019s identity (.e.g. email address) by supplying the JWT to the authenticate service or verify.pomerium.com. In addition, if an application integrating Pomerium only verifies the iss claim and others but not the aud claim, the attacker will be able to access it as the victim.\n\n### Specific Go Packages Affected\ngithub.com/pomerium/pomerium/proxy\n\n### Patches\nPatched in Pomerium v0.13.4\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory\n* Open an issue in [pomerium](http://github.com/pomerium/pomerium)\n* Email us at [security@pomerium.com](mailto:security@pomerium.com)",
"id": "GHSA-35vc-w93w-75c2",
"modified": "2023-10-02T12:09:08Z",
"published": "2021-05-21T16:24:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pomerium/pomerium/security/advisories/GHSA-35vc-w93w-75c2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29651"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pomerium/pomerium/pull/2049"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "JWT leak via Open Redirect in Programmatic access"
}
GHSA-36F2-FCRX-FP4J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-16 16:04 – Updated: 2023-03-16 16:04Impact
Utilizing a HTTP query parameter an attacker is able to redirect users from the web application to any domain. The URL of the intended redirect should always be checked for safety prior to forwarding the user. Other endpoints of the web application already do this, they check both that the domain is using the HTTPS protocol and that it exists on a domain associated with the application.
An attacker is able to use this unintended functionality to redirect users to malicious sites. This particular security issue allows the attacker to make a phishing attempt seem much more trustworthy to a user of the web application as the initial site before redirection is familiar to them, as well as the actual URL which they have theoretically visited frequently.
While this security issue does not directly impact the security of the web application, it is still not an acceptable scenario for the reasons mentioned above.
Patches
f0cb75e1e102f95f91e9254c66c797e821857690 fix(handlers): logout redirection validation (#1908) v4.28.0
Workarounds
Using a reverse proxy to strip the query parameter from the affected endpoint.
References
https://github.com/authelia/authelia/pull/1908
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please contact us. You may also contact us to request creating a back-ported fix for this if you are able to explain why you cannot upgrade; however upgrading is highly preferable.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/authelia/authelia/v4"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29456"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-16T16:04:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-21T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nUtilizing a HTTP query parameter an attacker is able to redirect users from the web application to any domain. The URL of the intended redirect should always be checked for safety prior to forwarding the user. Other endpoints of the web application already do this, they check both that the domain is using the HTTPS protocol and that it exists on a domain associated with the application.\n\nAn attacker is able to use this unintended functionality to redirect users to malicious sites. This particular security issue allows the attacker to make a phishing attempt seem much more trustworthy to a user of the web application as the initial site before redirection is familiar to them, as well as the actual URL which they have theoretically visited frequently. \n\nWhile this security issue does not directly impact the security of the web application, it is still not an acceptable scenario for the reasons mentioned above. \n\n### Patches\nf0cb75e1e102f95f91e9254c66c797e821857690 fix(handlers): logout redirection validation (#1908) [v4.28.0](https://github.com/authelia/authelia/releases/tag/v4.28.0)\n\n### Workarounds\nUsing a reverse proxy to strip the query parameter from the affected endpoint. \n\n### References\nhttps://github.com/authelia/authelia/pull/1908\n\n[CWE-601](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)\n\n[Authelia v4.28.0](https://github.com/authelia/authelia/tree/v4.28.0)\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please [contact us](https://github.com/authelia/authelia#contact-options). You may also contact us to request creating a back-ported fix for this if you are able to explain why you cannot upgrade; however upgrading is highly preferable. ",
"id": "GHSA-36f2-fcrx-fp4j",
"modified": "2023-03-16T16:04:56Z",
"published": "2023-03-16T16:04:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/authelia/authelia/security/advisories/GHSA-36f2-fcrx-fp4j"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29456"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/authelia/authelia"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Authelia allows open redirects on the logout endpoint"
}
GHSA-36H2-95GJ-W488
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-09 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-14 23:00Gitea before 1.4.3 is affected by URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') via internal URLs.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45328"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-14T23:00:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-08T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Gitea before 1.4.3 is affected by URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) via internal URLs.",
"id": "GHSA-36h2-95gj-w488",
"modified": "2022-02-14T23:00:49Z",
"published": "2022-02-09T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/4332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.gitea.io/2018/06/release-of-1.4.3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open redirect in Gitea"
}
GHSA-36P9-4JQP-QVG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-19 21:30 – Updated: 2025-08-20 18:30The URL scheme used by Firefox to facilitate searching of text queries could incorrectly allow attackers to open arbitrary website URLs or internal pages if a user was tricked into clicking a link This vulnerability affects Firefox for iOS < 141.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54144"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-19T21:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The URL scheme used by Firefox to facilitate searching of text queries could incorrectly allow attackers to open arbitrary website URLs or internal pages if a user was tricked into clicking a link This vulnerability affects Firefox for iOS \u003c 141.",
"id": "GHSA-36p9-4jqp-qvg9",
"modified": "2025-08-20T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2025-08-19T21:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54144"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1946062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-60"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-36RG-GFQ2-3H56
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-07 22:13 – Updated: 2025-07-07 22:13Summary
An open redirect has been found in the originCheck middleware function, which affects the following routes: /verify-email, /reset-password/:token, /delete-user/callback, /magic-link/verify, /oauth-proxy-callback.
Details
In the matchesPattern function, url.startsWith( can be deceived with a url that starts with one of the trustedOrigins.
const matchesPattern = (url: string, pattern: string): boolean => {
if (url.startsWith("/")) {
return false;
}
if (pattern.includes("*")) {
return wildcardMatch(pattern)(getHost(url));
}
return url.startsWith(pattern);
};
Open Redirect PoCs
export const auth = betterAuth({
baseURL: 'http://localhost:3000',
trustedOrigins: [
"http://trusted.com"
],
emailAndPassword: {
...
},
})
/reset-password/:token
/verify-email
/delete-user/callback
/magic-link/verify
/oauth-proxy-callback
Impact
Untrusted open redirects in various routes.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.2.9"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "better-auth"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-53535"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-07T22:13:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-07T18:15:28Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nAn open redirect has been found in the `originCheck` middleware function, which affects the following routes: `/verify-email`, `/reset-password/:token`, `/delete-user/callback`, `/magic-link/verify`, `/oauth-proxy-callback`.\n\n### Details\n\nIn the `matchesPattern` function, `url.startsWith(` can be deceived with a `url` that starts with one of the `trustedOrigins`.\n\n```jsx\n\t\tconst matchesPattern = (url: string, pattern: string): boolean =\u003e {\n\t\t\tif (url.startsWith(\"/\")) {\n\t\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif (pattern.includes(\"*\")) {\n\t\t\t\treturn wildcardMatch(pattern)(getHost(url));\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn url.startsWith(pattern);\n\t\t};\n```\n\n### Open Redirect PoCs\n\n```jsx\nexport const auth = betterAuth({\n\tbaseURL: \u0027http://localhost:3000\u0027,\n\ttrustedOrigins: [\n\t\t\"http://trusted.com\"\n\t],\n\temailAndPassword: {\n\t\t...\n\t},\n})\n```\n\n#### `/reset-password/:token`\n\n\u003cimg width=\"481\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/46e7871a-1dad-4375-af94-0446e29aaab6\" /\u003e\n\u003cbr/\u003e\n\u003cimg width=\"518\" alt=\"image 1\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/83abfb53-6fc9-4d1f-918d-9b4ce093c808\" /\u003e\n\n#### `/verify-email`\n\n\u003cimg width=\"549\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/7dd424b7-42a4-4616-aa73-fcc2e3eeb309\" /\u003e\n\u003cbr/\u003e\n\u003cimg width=\"436\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/54f11636-0a3e-4e83-9a09-57c5e8ba98cd\" /\u003e\n\n#### `/delete-user/callback`\n\n\u003cimg width=\"545\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2ff1b217-d069-48fb-81c1-f8c8792d34a4\" /\u003e\n\u003cbr/\u003e\n\u003cimg width=\"492\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/71df11db-9d38-4f34-abe1-add9d60b3486\" /\u003e\n\n#### `/magic-link/verify`\n\n\u003cimg width=\"379\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6b6b6a8a-59b6-4a65-9df3-57d5b2f6eb0f\" /\u003e\n\u003cbr/\u003e\n\u003cimg width=\"413\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/82a5c9c6-2ea0-44eb-af48-40732657b59e\" /\u003e\n\n#### `/oauth-proxy-callback`\n\n\u003cimg width=\"548\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d8d2ee51-e9fd-4337-bec3-a70afd1ceacb\" /\u003e\n\u003cbr/\u003e\n\u003cimg width=\"544\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f097d406-b965-4f85-b124-9b0ef1cc2689\" /\u003e\n\n### Impact\n\nUntrusted open redirects in various routes.",
"id": "GHSA-36rg-gfq2-3h56",
"modified": "2025-07-07T22:13:14Z",
"published": "2025-07-07T22:13:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/security/advisories/GHSA-36rg-gfq2-3h56"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/commit/9801d1be53d9da04686b94c6286c53ec97496740"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Better Auth Open Redirect Vulnerability in originCheck Middleware Affects Multiple Routes"
}
GHSA-37HP-765X-J95X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-01-04 17:50 – Updated: 2024-09-18 16:08Django 1.10 before 1.10.7, 1.9 before 1.9.13, and 1.8 before 1.8.18 relies on user input in some cases to redirect the user to an "on success" URL. The security check for these redirects (namely django.utils.http.is_safe_url()) considered some numeric URLs "safe" when they shouldn't be, aka an open redirect vulnerability. Also, if a developer relies on is_safe_url() to provide safe redirect targets and puts such a URL into a link, they could suffer from an XSS attack.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Django"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.10a1"
},
{
"fixed": "1.10.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Django"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.9a1"
},
{
"fixed": "1.9.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Django"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.8a1"
},
{
"fixed": "1.8.18"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-7233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T20:54:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Django 1.10 before 1.10.7, 1.9 before 1.9.13, and 1.8 before 1.8.18 relies on user input in some cases to redirect the user to an \"on success\" URL. The security check for these redirects (namely ``django.utils.http.is_safe_url()``) considered some numeric URLs \"safe\" when they shouldn\u0027t be, aka an open redirect vulnerability. Also, if a developer relies on ``is_safe_url()`` to provide safe redirect targets and puts such a URL into a link, they could suffer from an XSS attack.",
"id": "GHSA-37hp-765x-j95x",
"modified": "2024-09-18T16:08:51Z",
"published": "2019-01-04T17:50:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/254326cb3682389f55f886804d2c43f7b9f23e4f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/8339277518c7d8ec280070a780915304654e3b66"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/f824655bc2c50b19d2f202d7640785caabc82787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:1445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:1451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:1462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:1470"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:1596"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:3093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2927"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-37hp-765x-j95x"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/django/django"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/django/PYSEC-2017-9.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2017/apr/04/security-releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3835"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Django open redirect and possible XSS attack via user-supplied numeric redirect URLs"
}
GHSA-37X6-M83P-F654
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-22 00:30 – Updated: 2023-03-03 15:30An open redirect issue was discovered in Kibana that could lead to a user being redirected to an arbitrary website if they use a maliciously crafted Kibana URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38779"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-22T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect issue was discovered in Kibana that could lead to a user being redirected to an arbitrary website if they use a maliciously crafted Kibana URL.",
"id": "GHSA-37x6-m83p-f654",
"modified": "2023-03-03T15:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-02-22T00:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-7-17-9-and-8-6-2-security-update/325782"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.elastic.co/community/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-384J-85HC-JFQ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:46 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:46An Open Redirect vulnerability in EpiServer Find before 13.2.7 allows an attacker to redirect users to untrusted websites via the _t_redirect parameter in a crafted URL, such as a /find_v2/_click URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-24550"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-31T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Open Redirect vulnerability in EpiServer Find before 13.2.7 allows an attacker to redirect users to untrusted websites via the _t_redirect parameter in a crafted URL, such as a /find_v2/_click URL.",
"id": "GHSA-384j-85hc-jfq2",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:46:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:46:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://labs.nettitude.com/blog/cve-2020-24550-open-redirect-in-episerver-find"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.