CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2303 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2RHF-MVHM-8HFP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-16 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-21 18:30An unvalidated redirect vulnerability exists in Esri Portal for ArcGIS Quick Capture Web Designer versions 10.8.1 to 10.9.1. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can potentially induce an unsuspecting authenticated user to access an an attacker controlled domain.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38201"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An unvalidated redirect vulnerability exists in Esri Portal for ArcGIS Quick Capture Web Designer versions 10.8.1 to 10.9.1. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can potentially induce an unsuspecting authenticated user to access an an attacker controlled domain.",
"id": "GHSA-2rhf-mvhm-8hfp",
"modified": "2022-11-21T18:30:38Z",
"published": "2022-11-16T12:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/product/uncategorized/portal-for-arcgis-quick-capture-security-patch-is-now-available"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RM2-WCHV-GHGW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-21 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-01 00:00A URL redirection vulnerability in Skyhigh SWG in main releases 10.x prior to 10.2.9, 9.x prior to 9.2.20, 8.x prior to 8.2.27, and 7.x prior to 7.8.2.31, and controlled release 11.x prior to 11.1.3 allows a remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website controlled by the attacker. This is possible because SWG incorrectly creates a HTTP redirect response when a user clicks a carefully constructed URL. Following the redirect response, the new request is still filtered by the SWG policy.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1254"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-20T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A URL redirection vulnerability in Skyhigh SWG in main releases 10.x prior to 10.2.9, 9.x prior to 9.2.20, 8.x prior to 8.2.27, and 7.x prior to 7.8.2.31, and controlled release 11.x prior to 11.1.3 allows a remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website controlled by the attacker. This is possible because SWG incorrectly creates a HTTP redirect response when a user clicks a carefully constructed URL. Following the redirect response, the new request is still filtered by the SWG policy.",
"id": "GHSA-2rm2-wchv-ghgw",
"modified": "2022-05-01T00:00:38Z",
"published": "2022-04-21T00:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10381"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RQW-V265-JF8C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-26 20:36 – Updated: 2024-02-02 16:47Overview
There is a possible open redirect vulnerability in the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2021-22942.
Versions Affected: >= 6.0.0. Not affected: < 6.0.0 Fixed Versions: 6.1.4.1, 6.0.4.1
Impact
Specially crafted “X-Forwarded-Host” headers in combination with certain “allowed host” formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.
Impacted applications will have allowed hosts with a leading dot. For example, configuration files that look like this:
config.hosts << '.EXAMPLE.com'
When an allowed host contains a leading dot, a specially crafted Host header can be used to redirect to a malicious website.
This vulnerability is similar to CVE-2021-22881, but CVE-2021-22881 did not take in to account domain name case sensitivity.
Releases
The fixed releases are available at the normal locations.
Workarounds
In the case a patch can’t be applied, the following monkey patch can be used in an initializer:
module ActionDispatch
class HostAuthorization
HOSTNAME = /[a-z0-9.-]+|\[[a-f0-9]*:[a-f0-9.:]+\]/i
VALID_ORIGIN_HOST = /\A(#{HOSTNAME})(?::\d+)?\z/
VALID_FORWARDED_HOST = /(?:\A|,[ ]?)(#{HOSTNAME})(?::\d+)?\z/
private
def authorized?(request)
origin_host =
request.get_header("HTTP_HOST")&.slice(VALID_ORIGIN_HOST, 1) || ""
forwarded_host =
request.x_forwarded_host&.slice(VALID_FORWARDED_HOST, 1) || ""
@permissions.allows?(origin_host) &&
(forwarded_host.blank? || @permissions.allows?(forwarded_host))
end
end
end
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.0.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "actionpack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.1.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "actionpack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.1.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22942"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-26T20:36:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-18T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "# Overview\n\nThere is a possible open redirect vulnerability in the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2021-22942.\n\nVersions Affected: \u003e= 6.0.0.\nNot affected: \u003c 6.0.0\nFixed Versions: 6.1.4.1, 6.0.4.1\n\n# Impact\n\nSpecially crafted \u201cX-Forwarded-Host\u201d headers in combination with certain \u201callowed host\u201d formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.\n\nImpacted applications will have allowed hosts with a leading dot. For example, configuration files that look like this:\n\n```ruby\nconfig.hosts \u003c\u003c \u0027.EXAMPLE.com\u0027\n```\n\nWhen an allowed host contains a leading dot, a specially crafted Host header can be used to redirect to a malicious website.\n\nThis vulnerability is similar to CVE-2021-22881, but CVE-2021-22881 did not take in to account domain name case sensitivity.\n\n# Releases\n\nThe fixed releases are available at the normal locations.\n\n# Workarounds\n\nIn the case a patch can\u2019t be applied, the following monkey patch can be used in an initializer:\n\n```ruby\nmodule ActionDispatch\n class HostAuthorization\n HOSTNAME = /[a-z0-9.-]+|\\[[a-f0-9]*:[a-f0-9.:]+\\]/i\n VALID_ORIGIN_HOST = /\\A(#{HOSTNAME})(?::\\d+)?\\z/\n VALID_FORWARDED_HOST = /(?:\\A|,[ ]?)(#{HOSTNAME})(?::\\d+)?\\z/\n\n private\n def authorized?(request)\n origin_host =\n request.get_header(\"HTTP_HOST\")\u0026.slice(VALID_ORIGIN_HOST, 1) || \"\"\n forwarded_host =\n request.x_forwarded_host\u0026.slice(VALID_FORWARDED_HOST, 1) || \"\"\n @permissions.allows?(origin_host) \u0026\u0026\n (forwarded_host.blank? || @permissions.allows?(forwarded_host))\n end\n end\nend\n```\n",
"id": "GHSA-2rqw-v265-jf8c",
"modified": "2024-02-02T16:47:01Z",
"published": "2021-08-26T20:36:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22942"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2021-22942"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rails/rails"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/actionpack/CVE-2021-22942.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/rubyonrails-security/c/wB5tRn7h36c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rubygems.org/gems/actionpack"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240202-0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2021/8/19/Rails-6-0-4-1-and-6-1-4-1-have-been-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/12/14/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in ActionPack"
}
GHSA-2V9P-RM2H-MP4J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-20 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-21 19:01Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in NopCommerce 4.10 through 4.50.1 allow remote attackers to conduct phishing attacks by redirecting users to attacker-controlled web sites via the returnUrl parameter, processed by the (1) ChangePassword function, (2) SignInCustomerAsync function, (3) SuccessfulAuthentication method, or (4) NopRedirectResultExecutor class.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26954"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-20T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in NopCommerce 4.10 through 4.50.1 allow remote attackers to conduct phishing attacks by redirecting users to attacker-controlled web sites via the returnUrl parameter, processed by the (1) ChangePassword function, (2) SignInCustomerAsync function, (3) SuccessfulAuthentication method, or (4) NopRedirectResultExecutor class.",
"id": "GHSA-2v9p-rm2h-mp4j",
"modified": "2022-10-21T19:01:14Z",
"published": "2022-10-20T12:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26954"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/adeadfed/baea45138b7eb29e09f6505d56b56413"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nopSolutions/nopCommerce/releases"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VMW-QJP2-RR96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-14 00:31The User Registration & Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in versions up to and including 5.1.4. This is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied URLs passed via the 'redirect_to_on_logout' GET parameter before redirecting users. The redirect_to_on_logout GET parameter is passed directly to WordPress's wp_redirect() function instead of the domain-restricted wp_safe_redirect(). While esc_url_raw() is applied to sanitize malformed URLs, it does not restrict the redirect destination to the local domain, allowing an attacker to craft a specially formed link that redirects users to potentially malicious external URLs after logout, which could be used to facilitate phishing attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6203"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-13T23:16:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The User Registration \u0026 Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in versions up to and including 5.1.4. This is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied URLs passed via the \u0027redirect_to_on_logout\u0027 GET parameter before redirecting users. The `redirect_to_on_logout` GET parameter is passed directly to WordPress\u0027s `wp_redirect()` function instead of the domain-restricted `wp_safe_redirect()`. While `esc_url_raw()` is applied to sanitize malformed URLs, it does not restrict the redirect destination to the local domain, allowing an attacker to craft a specially formed link that redirects users to potentially malicious external URLs after logout, which could be used to facilitate phishing attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-2vmw-qjp2-rr96",
"modified": "2026-04-14T00:31:12Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T00:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/user-registration/tags/5.1.4/includes/functions-ur-template.php#L39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/user-registration/trunk/includes/functions-ur-template.php#L39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/020bed37-9544-49b7-941d-3b7f509fdfdf?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VVR-5757-QP87
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2023-10-27 15:34Jenkins CAS Plugin 1.6.0 and earlier improperly determines that a redirect URL after login is legitimately pointing to Jenkins.
This allows attackers to perform phishing attacks by having users go to a Jenkins URL that will forward them to a different site after successful authentication.
Jenkins CAS Plugin 1.6.1 only redirects to relative (Jenkins) URLs.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.6.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:cas-plugin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21673"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-16T15:19:45Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-30T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins CAS Plugin 1.6.0 and earlier improperly determines that a redirect URL after login is legitimately pointing to Jenkins.\n\nThis allows attackers to perform phishing attacks by having users go to a Jenkins URL that will forward them to a different site after successful authentication.\n\nJenkins CAS Plugin 1.6.1 only redirects to relative (Jenkins) URLs.",
"id": "GHSA-2vvr-5757-qp87",
"modified": "2023-10-27T15:34:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21673"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/cas-plugin/commit/8ac536a953156160dbabb61bdb3b9bc75c3d0ef9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/cas-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2021-06-30/#SECURITY-2387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/06/30/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open redirect vulnerability in Jenkins CAS Plugin"
}
GHSA-2W82-25P5-4H8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-14 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-17 00:00In NOKIA 1350 OMS R14.2, an Open Redirect vulnerability occurs is the login page via next HTTP GET parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39814"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-13T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In NOKIA 1350 OMS R14.2, an Open Redirect vulnerability occurs is the login page via next HTTP GET parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-2w82-25p5-4h8g",
"modified": "2022-09-17T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-09-14T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39814"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gruppotim.it/it/footer/red-team.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2WGX-R653-JRMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31An issue in Hangzhou Bobo Technology Co Ltd UU Game Booster iOS 10.6.13 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56951"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T19:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Hangzhou Bobo Technology Co Ltd UU Game Booster iOS 10.6.13 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.",
"id": "GHSA-2wgx-r653-jrmq",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:02Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T21:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56951"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZhouZiyi1/Vuls/blob/main/241216-UUGameBooster/241216-UUGameBooster.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2WRP-6FG6-HMC5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-16 06:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 19:00Applications that use UriComponentsBuilder to parse an externally provided URL (e.g. through a query parameter) AND perform validation checks on the host of the parsed URL may be vulnerable to a open redirect https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html attack or to a SSRF attack if the URL is used after passing validation checks.
This is the same as CVE-2024-22259 https://spring.io/security/cve-2024-22259 and CVE-2024-22243 https://spring.io/security/cve-2024-22243 , but with different input.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework:spring-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.3.34"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework:spring-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.19"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework:spring-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.1.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22262"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-16T16:15:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-16T06:15:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Applications that use UriComponentsBuilder\u00a0to parse an externally provided URL (e.g. through a query parameter) AND\u00a0perform validation checks on the host of the parsed URL may be vulnerable to a open redirect https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html \u00a0attack or to a SSRF attack if the URL is used after passing validation checks.\n\nThis is the same as CVE-2024-22259 https://spring.io/security/cve-2024-22259 \u00a0and CVE-2024-22243 https://spring.io/security/cve-2024-22243 , but with different input.",
"id": "GHSA-2wrp-6fg6-hmc5",
"modified": "2025-02-13T19:00:56Z",
"published": "2024-04-16T06:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22262"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/blob/main/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/UriComponentsBuilder.java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240524-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2024-22262"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Spring Framework URL Parsing with Host Validation"
}
GHSA-2XCR-P767-F3RV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-07-15 00:32Severity: medium (5.8) / important
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'), URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Apache Druid.
This issue affects all previous Druid versions.
When using the Druid management proxy, a request that has a specially crafted URL could be used to redirect the request to an arbitrary server instead. This has the potential for XSS or XSRF. The user is required to be authenticated for this exploit. The management proxy is enabled in Druid's out-of-box configuration. It may be disabled to mitigate this vulnerability. If the management proxy is disabled, some web console features will not work properly, but core functionality is unaffected.
Users are recommended to upgrade to Druid 31.0.2 or Druid 32.0.1, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.druid:druid"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "31.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.druid:druid"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "32.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "32.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"32.0.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27888"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601",
"CWE-79",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-21T22:46:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T12:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Severity: medium (5.8) / important\n\nServer-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027),\u00a0URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Apache Druid.\n\nThis issue affects all previous Druid versions.\n\nWhen using the Druid management proxy, a request that has a specially crafted URL could be used to redirect the request to an arbitrary server instead. This has the potential for XSS or XSRF. The user is required to be authenticated for this exploit. The management proxy is enabled in Druid\u0027s out-of-box configuration. It may be disabled to mitigate this vulnerability. If the management proxy is disabled, some web console features will not work properly, but core functionality is unaffected.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to Druid 31.0.2 or Druid 32.0.1, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-2xcr-p767-f3rv",
"modified": "2025-07-15T00:32:25Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27888"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/druid"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/druid/releases/tag/druid-31.0.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/druid/releases/tag/druid-32.0.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/c0qo989pwtrqkjv6xfr0c30dnjq8vf39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/03/19/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Druid vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery, Cross-site Scripting, Open Redirect"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.