CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2303 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2H27-FV2F-C56R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:04IBM Content Navigator 3.0CD could allow attackers to direct web traffic to a malicious site. If attackers make a fake IBM Content Navigator site, they can send a link to ICN users to send request to their Edit client directly. Then Edit client will download documents from the fake ICN website. IBM X-Force ID: 156001.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-4035"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-22T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Content Navigator 3.0CD could allow attackers to direct web traffic to a malicious site. If attackers make a fake IBM Content Navigator site, they can send a link to ICN users to send request to their Edit client directly. Then Edit client will download documents from the fake ICN website. IBM X-Force ID: 156001.",
"id": "GHSA-2h27-fv2f-c56r",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:04:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:04:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-4035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/156001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10869060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107557"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H6J-3V9M-2V47
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-24 15:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Scott Paterson Accept Donations with PayPal easy-paypal-donation allows Phishing.This issue affects Accept Donations with PayPal: from n/a through <= 1.5.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68602"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-24T13:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Scott Paterson Accept Donations with PayPal easy-paypal-donation allows Phishing.This issue affects Accept Donations with PayPal: from n/a through \u003c= 1.5.1.",
"id": "GHSA-2h6j-3v9m-2v47",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:41Z",
"published": "2025-12-24T15:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68602"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/easy-paypal-donation/vulnerability/wordpress-accept-donations-with-paypal-plugin-1-5-1-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/easy-paypal-donation/vulnerability/wordpress-accept-donations-with-paypal-plugin-1-5-1-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H8G-H9Q5-4VVX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-12 18:31 – Updated: 2024-10-09 15:32The Analytics Insights for Google Analytics 4 (AIWP) WordPress plugin before 6.3 is vulnerable to Open Redirect due to insufficient validation on the redirect oauth2callback.php file. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0250"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-12T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Analytics Insights for Google Analytics 4 (AIWP) WordPress plugin before 6.3 is vulnerable to Open Redirect due to insufficient validation on the redirect oauth2callback.php file. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.",
"id": "GHSA-2h8g-h9q5-4vvx",
"modified": "2024-10-09T15:32:17Z",
"published": "2024-02-12T18:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/321b07d1-692f-48e9-a8e5-a15b38efa979"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HCG-P6J5-29MM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:03A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Finesse could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to an undesired web page. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the URL parameters in an HTTP request that is sent to an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user of the interface to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the interface to redirect the user to a specific, malicious URL. This type of vulnerability is known as an open redirect and is used in phishing attacks that get users to unknowingly visit malicious sites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1358"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-22T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Finesse could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to an undesired web page. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the URL parameters in an HTTP request that is sent to an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user of the interface to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the interface to redirect the user to a specific, malicious URL. This type of vulnerability is known as an open redirect and is used in phishing attacks that get users to unknowingly visit malicious sites.",
"id": "GHSA-2hcg-p6j5-29mm",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:03:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-finesse-opn-rdrct-epDeh7R"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2HH6-6XCJ-RRFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:26 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:26IBM Tivoli Endpoint Manager could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 123902.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1223"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-19T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Tivoli Endpoint Manager could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 123902.",
"id": "GHSA-2hh6-6xcj-rrfv",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:26:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:26:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/123902"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22005246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99916"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2J2X-HQR9-3H42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-03 20:58 – Updated: 2026-06-03 20:58Certain URLs passed to the redirect function can trigger an open redirect to an external domain depending on the level of validation done by the application prior to returning the redirect.
[!NOTE] This does not impact your React Router application if you are using Declarative Mode (
<BrowserRouter>)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "react-router"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.14.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "react-router"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.30.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40181"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-03T20:58:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-02T20:16:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain URLs passed to the `redirect` function can trigger an open redirect to an external domain depending on the level of validation done by the application prior to returning the `redirect`.\n\n\u003e [!NOTE]\n\u003e This does not impact your React Router application if you are using [Declarative Mode](https://reactrouter.com/start/modes#declarative) (`\u003cBrowserRouter\u003e`)",
"id": "GHSA-2j2x-hqr9-3h42",
"modified": "2026-06-03T20:58:01Z",
"published": "2026-06-03T20:58:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/remix-run/react-router/security/advisories/GHSA-2j2x-hqr9-3h42"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40181"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/remix-run/react-router"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "React Router\u0027s same-origin redirect with path starting // causes open redirect via protocol-relative URL reinterpretation"
}
GHSA-2J5H-V47W-VFQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:00 – Updated: 2022-10-14 12:00Optergy Proton/Enterprise devices allow Open Redirect.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-7275"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-01T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Optergy Proton/Enterprise devices allow Open Redirect.",
"id": "GHSA-2j5h-v47w-vfqp",
"modified": "2022-10-14T12:00:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:00:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7275"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://applied-risk.com/labs/advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.applied-risk.com/resources/ar-2019-008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155268/Optergy-Proton-Enterprise-BMS-2.3.0a-Open-Redirect.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108686"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2JJ8-7W4H-HF3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-06 09:30 – Updated: 2023-12-11 18:30Open redirect vulnerability in Pleasanter 1.3.47.0 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to arbitrary web sites via a specially crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46688"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-06T09:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in Pleasanter 1.3.47.0 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to arbitrary web sites via a specially crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-2jj8-7w4h-hf3p",
"modified": "2023-12-11T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2023-12-06T09:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN96209256"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pleasanter.org/archives/vulnerability-update-202311"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2JPR-83RG-V67J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-05 06:30 – Updated: 2026-06-05 16:25An open redirect vulnerability exists in django-allauth versions prior to 65.14.1 when SAML IdP initiated SSO is enabled (it is disabled by default), which may allow an attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary external website via a crafted URL.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "django-allauth"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "65.14.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27982"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-05T21:15:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T06:16:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability exists in django-allauth versions prior to 65.14.1 when SAML IdP initiated SSO is enabled (it is disabled by default), which may allow an attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary external website via a crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-2jpr-83rg-v67j",
"modified": "2026-06-05T16:25:18Z",
"published": "2026-03-05T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27982"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://allauth.org/news/2026/02/django-allauth-65.14.1-released"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pennersr/django-allauth"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/django-allauth/PYSEC-2026-56.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN23669411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "django-allauth has an open redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-2JQF-XVWF-CWGJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:43I-Net Software Clear Reports 20.10.136 web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses the user supplied data in a Redirect.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-28150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-09T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "I-Net Software Clear Reports 20.10.136 web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses the user supplied data in a Redirect.",
"id": "GHSA-2jqf-xvwf-cwgj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:43:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://c41nc.co.uk/?page_id=85"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.