CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2310 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q84P-W2WJ-782M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-09 21:31URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - UrlShortener Extension allows Cross-Site Flashing.
This issue affects Mediawiki - UrlShortener Extension: from * before 1.43.9, 1.44.6, 1.45.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-58520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-01T18:16:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL redirection to untrusted site (\u0027open redirect\u0027) vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - UrlShortener Extension allows Cross-Site Flashing.\n\nThis issue affects Mediawiki - UrlShortener Extension: from * before 1.43.9, 1.44.6, 1.45.4.",
"id": "GHSA-q84p-w2wj-782m",
"modified": "2026-07-09T21:31:14Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T18:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/q/I7a59cc4c351b5aa47ed46f7a14a1105fd1ecc5b5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418431"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q8J8-XQJX-685X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-20 00:32 – Updated: 2023-12-20 00:32An attacker could construct a URL within the application that causes a redirection to an arbitrary external domain and could be leveraged to facilitate phishing attacks against application users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-50704"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-20T00:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\n\n\n\n\nAn attacker could construct a URL within the application that causes a redirection to an arbitrary external domain and could be leveraged to facilitate phishing attacks against application users.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-q8j8-xqjx-685x",
"modified": "2023-12-20T00:32:45Z",
"published": "2023-12-20T00:32:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50704"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-353-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q94G-RXP5-68J9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:31cPanel before 64.0.21 allows demo accounts to redirect web traffic (SEC-245).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-18441"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-02T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "cPanel before 64.0.21 allows demo accounts to redirect web traffic (SEC-245).",
"id": "GHSA-q94g-rxp5-68j9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:31:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:52:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/CL/64+Change+Log"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.cpanel.com/cpanel-tsr-2017-0003-full-disclosure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9FM-WWCH-86PF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-31 15:30 – Updated: 2025-05-30 18:30Vound Intella Connect 2.6.0.3 has an Open Redirect vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35791"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-31T15:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vound Intella Connect 2.6.0.3 has an Open Redirect vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-q9fm-wwch-86pf",
"modified": "2025-05-30T18:30:48Z",
"published": "2023-07-31T15:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35791"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cds.thalesgroup.com/en/tcs-cert/CVE-2023-35791"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://excellium-services.com/cert-xlm-advisory/CVE-2023-35791"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9QM-M8MX-29XG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-27 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-27 18:31A vulnerability in the Virtual Keyboard Video Monitor (vKVM) connection handling of Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient verification of vKVM endpoints. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious webpage and potentially capture user credentials. Note: The affected vKVM client is also included in Cisco UCS Manager.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20317"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-27T17:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Virtual Keyboard Video Monitor (vKVM) connection handling of Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to insufficient verification of vKVM endpoints. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious webpage and potentially capture user credentials.\nNote: The affected vKVM client is also included in Cisco UCS Manager.",
"id": "GHSA-q9qm-m8mx-29xg",
"modified": "2025-08-27T18:31:54Z",
"published": "2025-08-27T18:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ucs-vkvmorv-CnKrV7HK"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9RJ-XVG6-V42W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-26 21:31 – Updated: 2025-06-26 21:31URL redirection to an untrusted site ('Open Redirect') in Kibana can lead to sending a user to an arbitrary site and server-side request forgery via a specially crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25012"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-25T12:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL redirection to an untrusted site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) in Kibana can lead to sending a user to an arbitrary site and server-side request forgery via a specially crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-q9rj-xvg6-v42w",
"modified": "2025-06-26T21:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-06-26T21:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-7-17-29-8-17-8-8-18-3-9-0-3-security-update-esa-2025-10/379444"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9RR-H3HX-M87G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-02 22:17 – Updated: 2024-12-02 22:17Summary:
A open redirect vulnerability exists in the loading endpoint, allowing attackers to redirect authenticated users to arbitrary external URLs via the "next" parameter.
Details:
The loading endpoint accepts and uses an unvalidated "next" parameter for redirects:
PoC:
Visit: /loading?next=https://google.com while authenticated. The page will redirect to google.com.
Impact:
This vulnerability could be used in phishing attacks by redirecting users from a legitimate application URL to malicious sites.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/bunkerity/bunkerweb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.5.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-53264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-12-02T22:17:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-27T19:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary:\nA open redirect vulnerability exists in the loading endpoint, allowing attackers to redirect authenticated users to arbitrary external URLs via the \"next\" parameter.\n\n### Details:\nThe loading endpoint accepts and uses an unvalidated \"next\" parameter for redirects:\n\n### PoC:\nVisit: `/loading?next=https://google.com` while authenticated. The page will redirect to google.com.\n\n### Impact:\nThis vulnerability could be used in phishing attacks by redirecting users from a legitimate application URL to malicious sites.",
"id": "GHSA-q9rr-h3hx-m87g",
"modified": "2024-12-02T22:17:18Z",
"published": "2024-12-02T22:17:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bunkerity/bunkerweb/security/advisories/GHSA-q9rr-h3hx-m87g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53264"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/bunkerity/bunkerweb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "BunkerWeb has Open Redirect Vulnerability in Loading Page"
}
GHSA-QC9F-5C9X-X8XF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:27 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:27Open redirect vulnerability in IBM Cloud Orchestrator 2.4.x before 2.4.0 FP3 allows remote authenticated users to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-0204"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-16T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in IBM Cloud Orchestrator 2.4.x before 2.4.0 FP3 allows remote authenticated users to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-qc9f-5c9x-x8xf",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:27:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:27:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-0204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg2C1000124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93512"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QCH9-VMV9-F8V6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-03 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:47An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions before 15.8.5, 15.9.4, 15.10.1. Open redirects was possible due to framing arbitrary content on any page allowing user controlled markdown
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0155"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-03T21:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions before 15.8.5, 15.9.4, 15.10.1. Open redirects was possible due to framing arbitrary content on any page allowing user controlled markdown",
"id": "GHSA-qch9-vmv9-f8v6",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:47:20Z",
"published": "2023-05-03T21:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1817250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2023/CVE-2023-0155.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/387638"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QCMW-RMJG-W3HR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in QuomodoSoft ElementsReady Addons for Elementor.This issue affects ElementsReady Addons for Elementor: from n/a through 6.4.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47353"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-11T19:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in QuomodoSoft ElementsReady Addons for Elementor.This issue affects ElementsReady Addons for Elementor: from n/a through 6.4.2.",
"id": "GHSA-qcmw-rmjg-w3hr",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:01Z",
"published": "2024-10-11T21:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47353"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/element-ready-lite/vulnerability/wordpress-elementsready-addons-for-elementor-plugin-6-4-2-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/element-ready-lite/wordpress-elementsready-addons-for-elementor-plugin-6-4-2-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.