CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2310 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q324-XR3G-8G3F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-13 12:30 – Updated: 2023-12-13 12:30Open redirect vulnerability has been found in the Open CMS product affecting versions 14 and 15 of the 'Mercury' template. An attacker could create a specially crafted URL and send it to a specific user to redirect them to a malicious site and compromise them. Exploitation of this vulnerability is possible due to the fact that there is no proper sanitization of the 'URI' parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6380"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-13T11:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability has been found in the Open CMS product affecting versions 14 and 15 of the \u0027Mercury\u0027 template. An attacker could create a specially crafted URL and send it to a specific user to redirect them to a malicious site and compromise them. Exploitation of this vulnerability is possible due to the fact that there is no proper sanitization of the \u0027URI\u0027 parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-q324-xr3g-8g3f",
"modified": "2023-12-13T12:30:43Z",
"published": "2023-12-13T12:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-alkacon-software-opencms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q342-7M92-3WGM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-03 03:30 – Updated: 2025-04-10 15:31In affected versions of Octopus Deploy users of certain browsers using AD to sign-in to Octopus Server were able to bypass authentication checks and be redirected to the configured redirect url without any validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3614"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-03T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In affected versions of Octopus Deploy users of certain browsers using AD to sign-in to Octopus Server were able to bypass authentication checks and be redirected to the configured redirect url without any validation.",
"id": "GHSA-q342-7m92-3wgm",
"modified": "2025-04-10T15:31:22Z",
"published": "2023-01-03T03:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3614"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisories.octopus.com/post/2022/sa2022-26"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q34J-6XQH-3786
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-29 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in PluginOps MailChimp Subscribe Form, Optin Builder, PopUp Builder, Form Builder.This issue affects MailChimp Subscribe Form, Optin Builder, PopUp Builder, Form Builder: from n/a through 4.0.9.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32517"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-29T10:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in PluginOps MailChimp Subscribe Form, Optin Builder, PopUp Builder, Form Builder.This issue affects MailChimp Subscribe Form, Optin Builder, PopUp Builder, Form Builder: from n/a through 4.0.9.3.",
"id": "GHSA-q34j-6xqh-3786",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:38Z",
"published": "2023-12-29T12:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/mailchimp-subscribe-sm/wordpress-mailchimp-subscribe-forms-plugin-4-0-9-1-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q3M9-9FJ2-MFWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-05 17:02 – Updated: 2024-10-21 20:06Impact
Various parts of Plone use the 'is url in portal' check for security, mostly to see if it is safe to redirect to a url. A url like https://example.org is not in the portal.
But the url https:example.org without slashes tricks our code and it is considered to be in the portal.
When redirecting, some browsers go to https://example.org, others give an error.
Attackers may use this to redirect you to their site, especially as part of a phishing attack.
Patches
The problem has been patched in Products.isurlinportal 1.2.0.
This is a recommended upgrade for all users of Plone 4.3 and 5, on Python 2.7 or higher.
It has not been tested on earlier Plone or Python versions.
Upcoming Plone 5.2.5 and higher will include the new version.
Discovered
This vulnerability was discovered and reported by Yuji Tounai of Mitsui Bussan Secure Directions, Inc. Thank you!
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Email the Plone Security Team at security@plone.org, especially when you think you have discovered a security problem or when you are not sure. * Open an issue in the tracker if your question or comment can be public.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Products.isurlinportal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32806"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-02T23:19:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-02T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nVarious parts of Plone use the \u0027is url in portal\u0027 check for security, mostly to see if it is safe to redirect to a url. A url like `https://example.org` is not in the portal.\nBut the url `https:example.org` without slashes tricks our code and it _is_ considered to be in the portal.\nWhen redirecting, some browsers go to `https://example.org`, others give an error.\nAttackers may use this to redirect you to their site, especially as part of a phishing attack.\n\n### Patches\nThe problem has been patched in `Products.isurlinportal` 1.2.0.\nThis is a recommended upgrade for all users of Plone 4.3 and 5, on Python 2.7 or higher.\nIt has not been tested on earlier Plone or Python versions.\nUpcoming Plone 5.2.5 and higher will include the new version.\n\n### Discovered\nThis vulnerability was discovered and reported by Yuji Tounai of Mitsui Bussan Secure Directions, Inc. Thank you!\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Email the Plone Security Team at [security@plone.org](mailto:security@plone.org), especially when you think you have discovered a security problem or when you are not sure.\n* Open an issue in [the tracker](https://github.com/plone/Products.isurlinportal/issues) if your question or comment can be public.\n",
"id": "GHSA-q3m9-9fj2-mfwr",
"modified": "2024-10-21T20:06:22Z",
"published": "2021-08-05T17:02:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/plone/Products.isurlinportal/security/advisories/GHSA-q3m9-9fj2-mfwr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32806"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/plone/Products.isurlinportal/commit/d4fd34990d18adf05a10dc5e2bb4b066798280ba"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/plone/Products.isurlinportal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/products-isurlinportal/PYSEC-2021-323.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN50804280/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) in Products.isurlinportal"
}
GHSA-Q3MW-PVR8-9GGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-25 21:30 – Updated: 2026-06-05 17:48URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in FORM authentication feature Apache Tomcat.This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.0.12, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.79 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.92. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. The vulnerability is limited to the ROOT (default) web application.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "11.0.0-M11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.1.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "10.1.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.80"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.93"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.93"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.80"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.1.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "10.1.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
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{
"introduced": "11.0.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "11.0.0-M11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.1.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "10.1.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0-M1"
},
{
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],
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}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.93"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-41080"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-25T22:05:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-25T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in FORM authentication feature Apache Tomcat.This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.0.12, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.79 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.92. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. The vulnerability is limited to the ROOT (default) web application.",
"id": "GHSA-q3mw-pvr8-9ggc",
"modified": "2026-06-05T17:48:09Z",
"published": "2023-08-25T21:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41080"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/4998ad745b67edeadefe541c94ed029b53933d3b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/77c0ce2d169efa248b64b992e547aad549ec906b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/bb4624a9f3e69d495182ebfa68d7983076407a27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/e3703c9abb8fe0d5602f6ba8a8f11d4b6940815a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/71wvwprtx2j2m54fovq9zr7gbm2wow2f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230921-0006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5521"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5522"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Tomcat Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-Q42Q-53WF-Q55X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-15 21:35 – Updated: 2023-11-15 21:35URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Payara Platform Payara Server, Micro and Embedded (Servlet Implementation modules) allows Redirect Access to Libraries.This issue affects Payara Server, Micro and Embedded: from 5.0.0 before 5.57.0, from 4.1.2.191 before 4.1.2.191.46, from 6.0.0 before 6.8.0, from 6.2023.1 before 6.2023.11.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-41699"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-15T20:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Payara Platform Payara Server, Micro and Embedded (Servlet Implementation modules) allows Redirect Access to Libraries.This issue affects Payara Server, Micro and Embedded: from 5.0.0 before 5.57.0, from 4.1.2.191 before 4.1.2.191.46, from 6.0.0 before 6.8.0, from 6.2023.1 before 6.2023.11.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-q42q-53wf-q55x",
"modified": "2023-11-15T21:35:08Z",
"published": "2023-11-15T21:35:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41699"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.payara.fish/community/docs/Release%20Notes/Release%20Notes%206.2023.11.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.payara.fish/enterprise/docs/Release%20Notes/Release%20Notes%206.8.0.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q4C3-9JG3-V382
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-09 03:30 – Updated: 2024-01-09 03:30SAP Marketing (Contacts App) - version 160, allows an attacker with low privileges to trick a user to open malicious page which could lead to a very convincing phishing attack with low impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21734"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-09T01:15:39Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "SAP Marketing (Contacts App) - version 160, allows an attacker with low privileges to trick a user to open malicious page which could lead to a very convincing phishing attack with low impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-q4c3-9jg3-v382",
"modified": "2024-01-09T03:30:22Z",
"published": "2024-01-09T03:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3190894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q4MR-XQPC-5XVX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31An issue in Midea Group Co., Ltd Midea Home iOS 9.3.12 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56972"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T19:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Midea Group Co., Ltd Midea Home iOS 9.3.12 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.",
"id": "GHSA-q4mr-xqpc-5xvx",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:02Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T21:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56972"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZhouZiyi1/Vuls/blob/main/250109-MideaHome/250109-MideaHome.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q562-QRM6-7P84
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 15:33 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:32URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Apache APISIX.
The attacker could manipulate some client headers to perform an open-redirect, to potentially expose the session token.
This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.0.0 through 3.16.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.17.0, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48895"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-19T14:16:23Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Apache APISIX.\n\nThe attacker could manipulate some client headers to perform an open-redirect, to potentially expose the session token.\n\nThis issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.0.0 through 3.16.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.17.0, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-q562-qrm6-7p84",
"modified": "2026-06-23T15:32:30Z",
"published": "2026-06-19T15:33:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/yo1kq93ds69zbgjjopop7dmzm7zhj1gq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/06/19/11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q58Q-J8GC-GVJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-28 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in WP Sunshine Sunshine Photo Cart.This issue affects Sunshine Photo Cart: from n/a through 3.2.9.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50463"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-28T13:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in WP Sunshine Sunshine Photo Cart.This issue affects Sunshine Photo Cart: from n/a through 3.2.9.",
"id": "GHSA-q58q-j8gc-gvjh",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:10Z",
"published": "2024-10-28T15:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50463"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/sunshine-photo-cart/vulnerability/wordpress-sunshine-photo-cart-plugin-3-2-9-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/sunshine-photo-cart/wordpress-sunshine-photo-cart-plugin-3-2-9-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.