Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-494
AllowedDownload of Code Without Integrity Check
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.
317 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-32148 (GCVE-0-2026-32148)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-30 18:17 – Updated: 2026-05-01 04:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Lockfile checksums not verified in Hex allows dependency integrity bypass
Summary
Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity vulnerability in hexpm hex (Hex.RemoteConverger module) allows dependency integrity bypass via unverified lockfile checksums.
Hex stores checksums for dependencies in the mix.lock file to ensure reproducible and integrity-checked builds. However, Hex.RemoteConverger.verify_resolved/2 never executes checksum verification because the lock data returned by Hex.Utils.lock/1 uses string-based dependency names, while the verification logic compares against atom-based names. This type mismatch causes the verification code path to be silently skipped. Checksums are still validated when packages are initially downloaded from the registry, but mismatches between the lockfile and resolved dependencies are not detected.
An attacker who can influence cached packages (e.g., via local cache poisoning or a compromised registry) can provide modified dependency contents that will be accepted without detection. The mix.lock file is silently rewritten with the checksum values from the registry, erasing evidence of tampering.
This issue affects hex: from 0.16.0 before 2.4.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-30 19:03 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/hexpm/hex/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-32148.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-32148 | related |
| https://github.com/hexpm/hex/commit/d7528c8199a11… | patch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-28500 (GCVE-0-2026-28500)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-18 01:15 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ONNX Untrusted Model Repository Warnings Suppressed by silent=True in onnx.hub.load() — Silent Supply-Chain Attack
Summary
Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) is an open standard for machine learning interoperability. In versions up to and including 1.20.1, a security control bypass exists in onnx.hub.load() due to improper logic in the repository trust verification mechanism. While the function is designed to warn users when loading models from non-official sources, the use of the silent=True parameter completely suppresses all security warnings and confirmation prompts. This vulnerability transforms a standard model-loading function into a vector for Zero-Interaction Supply-Chain Attacks. When chained with file-system vulnerabilities, an attacker can silently exfiltrate sensitive files (SSH keys, cloud credentials) from the victim's machine the moment the model is loaded. As of time of publication, no known patched versions are available.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-18 14:08 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/onnx/onnx/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ZeroXJacks/CVEs/blob/main/2026… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-28500 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2448518 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24977 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
14 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| onnx | onnx |
Affected:
<= 1.20.1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780078312 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780078429 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780069222 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780078632 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780078416 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780417775 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780078388 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780069146 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780078413 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780069226 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780078629 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780078414 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
|
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CVE-2026-27180 (GCVE-0-2026-27180)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-18 21:10 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MajorDoMo Supply Chain Remote Code Execution via Update URL Poisoning
Summary
MajorDoMo (aka Major Domestic Module) is vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution through supply chain compromise via update URL poisoning. The saverestore module exposes its admin() method through the /objects/?module=saverestore endpoint without authentication because it uses gr('mode') (which reads directly from $_REQUEST) instead of the framework's $this->mode. An attacker can poison the system update URL via the auto_update_settings mode handler, then trigger the force_update handler to initiate the update chain. The autoUpdateSystem() method fetches an Atom feed from the attacker-controlled URL with trivial validation, downloads a tarball via curl with TLS verification disabled (CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER set to FALSE), extracts it using exec('tar xzvf ...'), and copies all extracted files to the document root using copyTree(). This allows an attacker to deploy arbitrary PHP files, including webshells, to the webroot with two GET requests.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-20 18:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-494 - Download of Code Without Integrity Check
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://chocapikk.com/posts/2026/majordomo-revisited/ | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sergejey/majordomo/pull/1177 | issue-tracking |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/majordomo-su… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-02-17 00:00
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CVE-2026-25961 (GCVE-0-2026-25961)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-09 21:34 – Updated: 2026-02-10 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SumatraPDF Update MITM -> Arbitrary Code Execution
Summary
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.5.0 through 3.5.2, SumatraPDF's update mechanism disables TLS hostname verification (INTERNET_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_CN_INVALID) and executes installers without signature checks. A network attacker with any valid TLS certificate (e.g., Let's Encrypt) can intercept the update check request, inject a malicious installer URL, and achieve arbitrary code execution.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-10 15:32 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sumatrapdfreader/sumatrapdf/se… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sumatrapdfreader | sumatrapdf |
Affected:
>= 3.5.0, <= 3.5.2
|
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CVE-2026-22865 (GCVE-0-2026-22865)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-16 22:46 – Updated: 2026-01-20 14:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Gradle's failure to disable repositories failing to answer can expose builds to malicious artifacts
Summary
Gradle is a build automation tool, and its native-platform tool provides Java bindings for native APIs. When resolving dependencies in versions before 9.3.0, some exceptions were not treated as fatal errors and would not cause a repository to be disabled. If a build encountered one of these exceptions, Gradle would continue to the next repository in the list and potentially resolve dependencies from a different repository. An exception like NoHttpResponseException can indicate transient errors. If the errors persist after a maximum number of retries, Gradle would continue to the next repository. This behavior could allow an attacker to disrupt the service of a repository and leverage another repository to serve malicious artifacts. This attack requires the attacker to have control over a repository after the disrupted repository. Gradle has introduced a change in behavior in Gradle 9.3.0 to stop searching other repositories when encountering these errors.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-20 14:47 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
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| https://github.com/gradle/gradle/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-22816 (GCVE-0-2026-22816)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-16 22:45 – Updated: 2026-01-20 14:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Gradle fails to disable repositories which can expose builds to malicious artifacts
Summary
Gradle is a build automation tool, and its native-platform tool provides Java bindings for native APIs. When resolving dependencies in versions before 9.3.0, some exceptions were not treated as fatal errors and would not cause a repository to be disabled. If a build encountered one of these exceptions, Gradle would continue to the next repository in the list and potentially resolve dependencies from a different repository. If a Gradle build used an unresolvable host name, Gradle would continue to work as long as all dependencies could be resolved from another repository. An unresolvable host name could be caused by allowing a repository's domain name registration to lapse or typo-ing the real domain name. This behavior could allow an attacker to register a service under the host name used by the build and serve malicious artifacts. The attack requires the repository to be listed before others in the build configuration. Gradle has introduced a change in behavior in Gradle 9.3.0 to stop searching other repositories when encountering these errors.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-20 14:49 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gradle/gradle/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/gradle/gradle/commit/e5707d0d8… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-22306 (GCVE-0-2026-22306)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 19:25 – Updated: 2026-08-26 19:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Critical flaw impacting OZOLS ERP's automatic update channel
Summary
Download of code without integrity check, inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere, and cleartext
transmission of sensitive information vulnerability in Ozols Grupa OZOLS
on Windows caused by an abandoned auto-update domain. Affected
component: the automatic update channel - OzolsSQL client update path, the <db>_update SQL Server Agent job (@subsystem = N'ActiveScripting') and serv_update.vbs.
This issue affects OZOLS: before 1.1.1233.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 19:29 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://offseq.com/en/research/ozols-cve-2026-22306 | third-party-advisory |
| https://offseq.com/en/research/ozols-cve-2026-223… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ozols Grupa | OZOLS |
Affected:
0 , < 1.1.1233
(semver)
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CVE-2026-21810 (GCVE-0-2026-21810)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 21:55 – Updated: 2026-08-27 16:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HCL BigFix Quantum Risk Analyzer is affected by a hardcoded external resource reference and downloading code without integrity checking
Summary
HCL BigFix Quantum Risk Analyzer is affected by a hardcoded external resource reference and a lack of binary integrity which could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive information or modify the binary.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 16:07 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCLSoftware | BigFix Quantum Risk Analyzer |
Affected:
2.0.1.47
|
Date Public
2026-08-26 21:00
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CVE-2026-20056 (GCVE-0-2026-20056)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-04 16:11 – Updated: 2026-02-04 16:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Secure Web Appliance TBD Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the Dynamic Vectoring and Streaming (DVS) Engine implementation of Cisco AsyncOS Software for Cisco Secure Web Appliance could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the anti-malware scanner, allowing malicious archive files to be downloaded.
This vulnerability is due to improper handling of certain archive files. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted archive file, which should be blocked, through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass the anti-malware scanner and download malware onto an end user workstation. The downloaded malware will not automatically execute unless the end user extracts and launches the malicious file.
Severity
4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-04 16:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-494 - Download of Code Without Integrity Check
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Secure Web Appliance |
Affected:
11.8.0-453
Affected: 12.5.3-002 Affected: 12.0.3-007 Affected: 12.0.3-005 Affected: 14.1.0-032 Affected: 14.1.0-047 Affected: 14.1.0-041 Affected: 12.0.4-002 Affected: 14.0.2-012 Affected: 11.8.0-414 Affected: 12.0.1-268 Affected: 11.8.1-023 Affected: 11.8.3-021 Affected: 11.8.3-018 Affected: 12.5.1-011 Affected: 11.8.4-004 Affected: 12.5.2-007 Affected: 12.5.2-011 Affected: 14.5.0-498 Affected: 12.5.4-005 Affected: 12.5.4-011 Affected: 12.0.5-011 Affected: 14.0.3-014 Affected: 12.5.5-004 Affected: 12.5.5-005 Affected: 12.5.5-008 Affected: 14.0.4-005 Affected: 14.5.1-008 Affected: 14.5.1-016 Affected: 15.0.0-355 Affected: 15.0.0-322 Affected: 12.5.6-008 Affected: 15.1.0-287 Affected: 14.5.2-011 Affected: 15.2.0-116 Affected: 14.0.5-007 Affected: 15.2.0-164 Affected: 14.5.1-510 Affected: 12.0.2-012 Affected: 12.0.2-004 Affected: 14.5.1-607 Affected: 14.5.3-033 Affected: 15.0.1-004 Affected: 15.2.1-011 Affected: 14.5.0-673 Affected: 14.5.0-537 Affected: 12.0.1-334 Affected: 14.0.1-503 Affected: 14.0.1-053 Affected: 11.8.0-429 Affected: 14.0.1-040 Affected: 14.0.1-014 Affected: 12.5.1-043 Affected: 15.2.2-009 Affected: 15.5.0-566 Affected: 15.2.3-007 Affected: 15.5.0-574 Affected: 15.5.0-710 Affected: 15.2.4-022 Affected: 15.5.1-002 |
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CVE-2026-13433 (GCVE-0-2026-13433)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 20:44 – Updated: 2026-08-13 14:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM i Access Client Solutions (ACS) is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities
Summary
IBM i Access Client Solutions 1.1.2.0 through 1.1.9.13 (ACS) is vulnerable to downloading unverified product code when configured to update from an IBM i. A bad actor could use this vulnerablity to run compromised code on the ACS user's workstation.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 14:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-494 - Download of Code Without Integrity Check
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7282954 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | i Access Client Solutions |
Affected:
1.1.2.0 , ≤ 1.1.9.13
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i_access_client_solutions:1.1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i_access_client_solutions:1.1.9.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eThe issues can be fixed by upgrading to version 1.1.9.14 or later.\u00a0 \u00a0See \u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/ibm-i-access-client-solutions-5733xj1\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIBM i Access Client Solutions updates\u003c/a\u003e for the latest version available.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eProduct(s)\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eVersion(s)\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eRemediation/Fix/Instructions\u00a0\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eIBM i Access Client Solutions\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e1.1.2.0 - 1.1.9.13\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are three ways to obtain the current version of IBM i Access Client Solutions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1) IBM i Access Client Solutions is available at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/resources/mrs/assets?source=swg-ia\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eDownloads.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2) IBM i Access Client Solutions can be downloaded from the general IBM i software site at\u00a0\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/ess/landing/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEntitled Systems Support (ESS)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eID:\u00a0LCD8-2010-43\u00a0\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e3) IBM i Access Client Solutions is available by applying a PTF to IBM i.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eIBM i Release\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e5770-SS1\u003cbr/\u003ePTF Number(s)\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003ePTF Download Link(s)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.6\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ11046\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ11046\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ11046\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.5\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ11044\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ11044\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ11044\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.4\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ11045\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ11045\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ11045\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.3\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ11043\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ11043\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ11043\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"
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Mitigation MIT-42
Implementation
Perform proper forward and reverse DNS lookups to detect DNS spoofing.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Operation
- Encrypt the code with a reliable encryption scheme before transmitting.
- This will only be a partial solution, since it will not detect DNS spoofing and it will not prevent your code from being modified on the hosting site.
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Speficially, it may be helpful to use tools or frameworks to perform integrity checking on the transmitted code.
- When providing the code that is to be downloaded, such as for automatic updates of the software, then use cryptographic signatures for the code and modify the download clients to verify the signatures. Ensure that the implementation does not contain CWE-295, CWE-320, CWE-347, and related weaknesses.
- Use code signing technologies such as Authenticode. See references [REF-454] [REF-455] [REF-456].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-184: Software Integrity Attack
An attacker initiates a series of events designed to cause a user, program, server, or device to perform actions which undermine the integrity of software code, device data structures, or device firmware, achieving the modification of the target's integrity to achieve an insecure state.
CAPEC-185: Malicious Software Download
An attacker uses deceptive methods to cause a user or an automated process to download and install dangerous code that originates from an attacker controlled source. There are several variations to this strategy of attack.
CAPEC-186: Malicious Software Update
An adversary uses deceptive methods to cause a user or an automated process to download and install dangerous code believed to be a valid update that originates from an adversary controlled source.
CAPEC-187: Malicious Automated Software Update via Redirection
An attacker exploits two layers of weaknesses in server or client software for automated update mechanisms to undermine the integrity of the target code-base. The first weakness involves a failure to properly authenticate a server as a source of update or patch content. This type of weakness typically results from authentication mechanisms which can be defeated, allowing a hostile server to satisfy the criteria that establish a trust relationship. The second weakness is a systemic failure to validate the identity and integrity of code downloaded from a remote location, hence the inability to distinguish malicious code from a legitimate update.
CAPEC-533: Malicious Manual Software Update
An attacker introduces malicious code to the victim's system by altering the payload of a software update, allowing for additional compromise or site disruption at the victim location. These manual, or user-assisted attacks, vary from requiring the user to download and run an executable, to as streamlined as tricking the user to click a URL. Attacks which aim at penetrating a specific network infrastructure often rely upon secondary attack methods to achieve the desired impact. Spamming, for example, is a common method employed as an secondary attack vector. Thus the attacker has in their arsenal a choice of initial attack vectors ranging from traditional SMTP/POP/IMAP spamming and its varieties, to web-application mechanisms which commonly implement both chat and rich HTML messaging within the user interface.
CAPEC-538: Open-Source Library Manipulation
Adversaries implant malicious code in open source software (OSS) libraries to have it widely distributed, as OSS is commonly downloaded by developers and other users to incorporate into software development projects. The adversary can have a particular system in mind to target, or the implantation can be the first stage of follow-on attacks on many systems.
CAPEC-657: Malicious Automated Software Update via Spoofing
An attackers uses identify or content spoofing to trick a client into performing an automated software update from a malicious source. A malicious automated software update that leverages spoofing can include content or identity spoofing as well as protocol spoofing. Content or identity spoofing attacks can trigger updates in software by embedding scripted mechanisms within a malicious web page, which masquerades as a legitimate update source. Scripting mechanisms communicate with software components and trigger updates from locations specified by the attackers' server. The result is the client believing there is a legitimate software update available but instead downloading a malicious update from the attacker.
CAPEC-662: Adversary in the Browser (AiTB)
An adversary exploits security vulnerabilities or inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to manipulate traffic between two endpoints.
CAPEC-691: Spoof Open-Source Software Metadata
An adversary spoofs open-source software metadata in an attempt to masquerade malicious software as popular, maintained, and trusted.
CAPEC-692: Spoof Version Control System Commit Metadata
An adversary spoofs metadata pertaining to a Version Control System (VCS) (e.g., Git) repository's commits to deceive users into believing that the maliciously provided software is frequently maintained and originates from a trusted source.
CAPEC-693: StarJacking
An adversary spoofs software popularity metadata to deceive users into believing that a maliciously provided package is widely used and originates from a trusted source.
CAPEC-695: Repo Jacking
An adversary takes advantage of the redirect property of directly linked Version Control System (VCS) repositories to trick users into incorporating malicious code into their applications.