Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-470

Allowed

Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.

156 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-55153 (GCVE-0-2026-55153)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 20:02 – Updated: 2026-07-06 14:02
VLAI
Title
mchange-commons-java contains elements susceptible to abuse via JNDI injection and "deserialization gadgets"
Summary
mchange-commons-java is a Java library of shared utility classes used by mchange projects like the c3p0 connection pool. Prior to version 0.6.0, its JNDI ObjectFactory implementation (com.mchange.v2.naming.JavaBeanObjectFactory) will construct objects of arbitrary classes and initialize "JavaBean"-style properties, which for certain classes enables JNDI injection and "deserialization gadgets." Such initialization is unsafe for some classes: for example, setting the contentType property of a Swing JEditorPane to text/html and its text property to HTML containing a stylesheet <link> will provoke an HTTP GET on an arbitrary URL, potentially from within a trusted security domain. The problem is aggravated by the library's ReferenceIndirector, through which malicious JNDI Reference objects can be smuggled in for dereferencing wherever an application reads a Java-serialized object. This has been resolved in version 0.6.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 14:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-54614 (GCVE-0-2026-54614)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 15:30 – Updated: 2026-08-29 02:40
VLAI
Title
DebugKit: MailPreview contains unsafe reflection
Summary
DebugKit provides a debugging toolbar for CakePHP applications. Prior to 4.10.3 and 5.2.4, the DebugKit MailPreview feature in src/Controller/MailPreviewController.php accepts a route-controlled previewName value in findPreview and passes the resolved class from App::className() to constructor execution without rejecting namespace separators or verifying that the class extends DebugKit\Mailer\MailPreview. An attacker able to access DebugKit while debug mode is enabled and the request hostname is local or allowlisted can select an unintended application class through the mail-preview preview route, resulting in arbitrary constructor execution and limited disclosure of application information. This issue is fixed in versions 4.10.3 and 5.2.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-29 02:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
cakephp debug_kit Affected: < 4.10.3
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.2.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53666 (GCVE-0-2026-53666)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 21:14 – Updated: 2026-07-28 15:19
VLAI
Title
React Router: Arbitrary Constructor Injection via deserializeErrors() in React Router SSR Hydration
Summary
React Router is a router for React. In versions 6.4.0 through 7.17.0, if application code was written in a way that allows attacker-supplied input to overwrite certain aspects of errors caught by the SSR process, then it was possible for an attacker to trigger unexpected constructor execution on the client, which would in turn trigger an outbound network request. This is only possible with very specific (and unlikely) application-layer code. Note that this does not impact an application if it is using Declarative Mode. It only impacts Framework Mode and Data Mode applications that perform manual SSR/hydration. This issue has been fixed in version 7.18.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-28 15:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
remix-run react-router Affected: >= 6.4.0, < 7.18.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-49287 (GCVE-0-2026-49287)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 17:36 – Updated: 2026-06-22 14:22
VLAI
Title
Statamic CMS vulnerable to unsafe method invocation via collection sorting allows data destruction
Summary
Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to 5.73.23 and 6.20.0, the fix for CVE-2026-41175 was incomplete. It addressed the issue in the query builder, but the same protection was not applied to in-memory collection sorting. Manipulating sort parameters could result in the loss of content and assets. This requires a front-end template that passes request input into a tag's sort parameter. It is not exploitable by default — a template would need to be explicitly set up to sort by a visitor-controlled value. This has been fixed in 5.73.23 and 6.20.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-22 14:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
statamic cms Affected: < 5.73.23
Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.20.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-48817 (GCVE-0-2026-48817)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 19:48 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:54
VLAI
Title
Starlette: Arbitrary HTTP method dispatched to `HTTPEndpoint` attributes via `getattr`
Summary
Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit. In versions 1.0.1 and below, when dispatching a request, HTTPEndpoint selects the handler by lowercasing the HTTP method and looking it up as an attribute with getattr, without restricting the lookup to a known set of HTTP verbs. When an HTTPEndpoint subclass is registered through Route(...) without an explicit methods= argument, the route does not constrain the method and every method reaches the endpoint. If a non-standard HTTP method whose lowercased name matches an attribute on the endpoint subclass reaches the endpoint, that attribute is invoked as if it were a request handler. An attacker can use this to reach methods that were never meant to be HTTP handlers, such as internal helpers, without the authorization checks applied by the intended public handler. An application (including Starlette-based frameworks like FastAPI) is affected if it registers an HTTPEndpoint subclass via Route(...) without explicitly setting methods=, and that subclass includes extra methods named like non-standard HTTP verbs that take one request argument and return a response. This issue has been fixed in version 1.1.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-18 13:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Kludex starlette Affected: < 1.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-48517 (GCVE-0-2026-48517)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:03 – Updated: 2026-06-25 15:55
VLAI
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: Typeless deserialization type restrictions do not recurse into arrays or generic arguments
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePack-CSharp's typeless deserialization includes MessagePackSerializerOptions.ThrowIfDeserializingTypeIsDisallowed(Type) as a safety check for dangerous types. The default implementation checks the outer type name, but it does not recursively inspect array element types or generic type arguments. As a result, a type that would be blocked directly can be wrapped inside an array or constructed generic type and pass the outer type check. The formatter machinery can then materialize formatters for the inner blocked type. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 15:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MessagePack-CSharp MessagePack-CSharp Affected: >= 3.0, < 3.1.7
Affected: < 2.5.301
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-48502 (GCVE-0-2026-48502)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:18 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:05
VLAI
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: Denial of service vulnerabilities can swamp the CPU or crash the process with stack and heap overflows
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePackReader.ReadDateTime() can allocate stack memory based on an attacker-controlled MessagePack extension length. In the slow path for timestamp extension parsing, the computed tokenSize includes the extension body length from the wire and is used in a stackalloc operation before the extension length is validated as one of the valid timestamp sizes. A very small payload can claim a large timestamp extension body and cause a stack allocation large enough to trigger an uncatchable StackOverflowException, terminating the host process. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 14:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  • CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
  • CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value
  • CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MessagePack-CSharp MessagePack-CSharp Affected: >= 3.1.7, < 3.1.7
Affected: < 2.5.301
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-46718 (GCVE-0-2026-46718)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 09:17 – Updated: 2026-06-02 14:41
VLAI
Title
Apache Calcite: A user-controled model can load arbitrary classes, leading to code execution
Summary
Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Calcite. This issue affects Apache Calcite: from 1.5.0 before 1.42. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.42, which fixes the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-02 12:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Calcite Affected: 1.5.0 , < 1.42 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-46562 (GCVE-0-2026-46562)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-16 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-16 18:02
VLAI
Title
Yamcs: Remote Code Execution via Mission Database algorithm override
Summary
Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.7, the Nashorn ScriptEngine used to evaluate user-supplied JavaScript algorithm text in yamcs-core/src/main/java/org/yamcs/algorithms/ScriptAlgorithmExecutorFactory.java was constructed without a ClassFilter, so a user with the ChangeMissionDatabase privilege could override an algorithm through the MdbOverrideApi.updateAlgorithm endpoint and supply JavaScript that reaches arbitrary Java classes (for example Java.type("java.lang.Runtime").getRuntime().exec(...)) to execute arbitrary OS commands as the Yamcs process; in the default configuration with no security.yaml the built-in guest user has superuser=true, making the issue reachable without authentication. This issue is fixed in versions 5.12.7 and 5.13.0, which disable algorithm editing by default.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-16 18:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
yamcs yamcs Affected: < 5.12.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-44795 (GCVE-0-2026-44795)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 21:49 – Updated: 2026-07-15 03:59
VLAI
Title
Spinnaker: Non-safe yaml deserialization allowing RCE when using specific types
Summary
Spinnaker is an open source, multi-cloud continuous delivery platform. Prior to 2026.1.0, 2026.0.3, 2025.4.4, and 2025.3.3, unsafe YAML processing bypasses safe deserialization when using CloudFormation deployments or CloudFoundry baking. The use of a non-safe constructor allows arbitrary loading of Java classes, leading to remote code execution. This issue is fixed in versions 2026.1.0, 2026.0.3, 2025.4.4, and 2025.3.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-14 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
spinnaker spinnaker Affected: >= 2025.4.0, < 2025.4.4
Affected: >= 2026.0.0, < 2026.0.3
Affected: < 2025.3.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.

Mitigation
Implementation

Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.

CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection

An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.