Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-470
AllowedUse of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.
214 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-96740 (GCVE-0-2026-96740)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-28 17:27 – Updated: 2026-10-05 08:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Streamshub/console: console-operator: streams for apache kafka console: unfiltered kafka client properties → sa-token exfiltration via config.providers
Summary
A flaw was found in the StreamsHub Console for Apache Kafka. Tenant-supplied Kafka client properties from the Console custom resource are copied into the console-api AdminClient configuration without filtering security-sensitive keys, allowing a Console CR author to set config.providers and bootstrap.servers to exfiltrate the console-api ServiceAccount token to an attacker-controlled broker.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 19:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | StreamsHub Console for Apache Kafka® |
Affected:
0.2.1 , < 0.12.9
(semver)
Affected: 0.13.0 , < 0.14.1 (semver) |
|
| Red Hat | streams for Apache Kafka 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:2
|
|
| Red Hat | streams for Apache Kafka 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:3
|
Date Public
2026-09-28 17:05
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CVE-2026-96672 (GCVE-0-2026-96672)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 15:35 – Updated: 2026-09-29 01:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Frappe ERPNext before 16.34.1 Unauthorized Method Invocation
Summary
Frappe ERPNext versions before 16.34.1 fail to validate that Financial Report Template calculation_formula values reference whitelisted methods before passing them to frappe.call(). Accounts Managers can supply arbitrary dotted Python paths to invoke non-whitelisted internal server-side methods and read their return values.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 01:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/security/adviso… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/commit/7aad59b1… | patch |
| https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/blob/v16.34.0/e… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/blob/v16.34.0/e… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/frappe/erpnext | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-erpne… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-18 00:00
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CVE-2026-93765 (GCVE-0-2026-93765)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 17:01 – Updated: 2026-09-21 18:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Document deletion and process crash via unvalidated method-name dispatch in atomic pop operation
Summary
Mongoid contains an unsafe reflection weakness in the document persistence layer of its object-document mapping code. Input whose keys are passed through from an unauthenticated party by an embedding application can cause unintended internal method invocation instead of the intended array field update. This may result in unintended removal of stored records and in the embedding application becoming unresponsive.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 18:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MongoDB Inc. | Mongoid |
Affected:
9.1.0
(semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.0.11 (semver) Affected: 8.1.0 , ≤ 8.1.12 (semver) Affected: 8.0.0 , ≤ 8.0.12 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-93762 (GCVE-0-2026-93762)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 17:15 – Updated: 2026-09-21 18:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Data deletion and attribute disclosure via field-name method injection in in-memory queries
Summary
Mongoid contains an unsafe reflection weakness in the query path used for embedded documents. An application that passes an externally supplied field name to certain in-memory query methods may allow an unauthenticated party to obtain unintended disclosure of stored document data and to permanently remove stored records.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 18:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MongoDB Inc. | Mongoid |
Affected:
9.1.0
(semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.0.11 (semver) Affected: 8.1.0 , ≤ 8.1.12 (semver) Affected: 8.0.0 , ≤ 8.0.12 (semver) Affected: 7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.1 (semver) Affected: 7.5.0 , ≤ 7.5.4 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-92415 (GCVE-0-2026-92415)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 15:47 – Updated: 2026-10-07 20:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Jackrabbit: DavEx client runs Class.forName + (String)-constructor on server-controlled error bodies
Summary
— Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code vulnerability in Apache Jackrabbit's WebDAV/Davex client.
A malicious WebDAV/DavEx server, or an attacker able to intercept the connection, can cause the client to instantiate arbitrary classes from its classpath, which can lead to arbitrary file creation or truncation.
Only applications that use jackrabbit-spi2dav (directly or through jackrabbit-jcr2dav) to connect to a remote repository are affected. Jackrabbit servers are not affected.
Category: unsafe reflection on wire data (HIGH).
This issue affects Apache Jackrabbit: from 2.23.0 through 2.23.5, from 2.22.0 through 2.22.4, from 2.20.0 through 2.20.17.
Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 2.23.6, 2.22.5, or 2.20.18 which fix the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 20:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - — Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/hcrxm4jp1mtk… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/1… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Jackrabbit |
Affected:
2.23.0 , ≤ 2.23.5
(semver)
Affected: 2.22.0 , ≤ 2.22.4 (semver) Affected: 2.20.0 , ≤ 2.20.17 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-86792 (GCVE-0-2026-86792)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 09:08 – Updated: 2026-09-17 19:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Airflow Apache Kafka provider: Connection-editor remote code execution on the Scheduler via Kafka connection callback configuration
Summary
Apache Airflow Apache Kafka provider versions 1.15.0 before 2.0.0 resolve dotted-path strings found in a Kafka connection's `extra` field into Python callables via `import_string`, with no allowlist, and hand them to the confluent-kafka client which invokes them. Deployments that have enabled the Kafka event producer — `dag_run_events_enabled` or `task_instance_events_enabled`, both disabled by default — build that client inside the scheduler process, so a user whose only privilege is editing Airflow connections gains arbitrary code execution in the control plane; the Airflow security model limits connection-configuration users to code execution on workers, not the scheduler. Deployments using Google Managed Kafka are not affected, because that code path overwrites any user-supplied `oauth_cb`; plain brokers and Amazon MSK are exposed. Users are recommended to upgrade to apache-airflow-providers-apache-kafka 2.0.0 or later, which adds an allowlist configuration option for connection-string callbacks.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 19:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/72208 | patch |
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/jl4gpok02313yh3rv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/jl4gpok02313yh3rv… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Airflow Apache Kafka provider |
Affected:
1.15.0 , < 2.0.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-82078 (GCVE-0-2026-82078)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 11:45 – Updated: 2026-09-13 23:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PaperCut MF/NG: Unsafe Dynamic Class Loading in Database Connector
Summary
An unsafe dynamic class loading vulnerability exists in the database connection utilities of PaperCut MF and PaperCut NG. The application instantiates database driver classes based on configurable driver names without validating against an allowlist of approved drivers. If an attacker can manipulate system configuration parameters, this enables the execution of arbitrary Java bytecode residing on the application classpath under the security context of the PaperCut server process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled input to select classes or code ('unsafe reflection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.papercut.com/kb/Main/security-bulleti… | |
| https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pu… | exploit |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PaperCut | PaperCut MF/NG |
Affected:
0 , < 24.1.10
(semver)
Affected: 25.0.0 , < 25.0.13 (semver) Affected: 26.0.0 , < 26.0.5 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-79987 (GCVE-0-2026-79987)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 16:05 – Updated: 2026-09-11 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Low-privilege RCE through element-search eager loading
Summary
A remote, authenticated, non-admin Craft CMS Control Panel user with only the accessCp permission can execute operating system commands as the PHP web worker.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled input to select classes or code ('unsafe reflection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.hckrt.com/hacktivity/HCKRT-9TSYY2 | third-party-advisorytechnical-descriptionmitigation |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/releases/tag/5.10.13 | release-notes |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms | product |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisori… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-79784 (GCVE-0-2026-79784)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 15:16 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Vocos through 0.1.0 Arbitrary Code Execution via Unrestricted class_path in Model Configuration
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 16:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gemelo-ai/vocos | product |
| https://github.com/gemelo-ai/vocos/issues/76 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/gemelo-ai/vocos/blob/main/voco… | technical-description |
| https://pypi.org/project/vocos/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vocos-throug… | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2026-07-02 00:00
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CVE-2026-78030 (GCVE-0-2026-78030)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-19 10:45 – Updated: 2026-09-20 00:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DBI versions before 1.653 for Perl load arbitrary modules via unvalidated dbm_type and dbm_mldbm attributes in DBD::DBM
Summary
DBI versions before 1.653 for Perl load arbitrary modules via unvalidated dbm_type and dbm_mldbm attributes in DBD::DBM.
DBD::DBM passes the dbm_type and dbm_mldbm connect attributes to require without checking that the value names a module. require treats a path-shaped string as a literal filename and does not consult @INC, so the attribute chooses the file that Perl loads and runs.
The MLDBM::Serializer:: prefix that DBD::DBM prepends to dbm_mldbm is not a boundary: only the :: separators are rewritten to /, so a value containing / traverses out of the serializer directory. The value is also assigned to $MLDBM::Serializer, which MLDBM requires the same way when it ties the table.
A caller that lets an untrusted party influence either attribute, for example through a DSN fragment or a parameter that selects a storage backend, runs the file-scope code of whatever module the value names.
For example,
my $dsn = "dbi:DBM:f_dir=/var/db;dbm_type=../../Untrusted.pm"
my $dbh = DBI->connect( $dsn );
Note that DBD::Gofer forwards connect attributes to the server side, and DBI::ProxyServer checks only that a DSN starts with a driver prefix.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-20 00:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
4 references
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"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Harsh Raj Singhania"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "DBI versions before 1.653 for Perl load arbitrary modules via unvalidated dbm_type and dbm_mldbm attributes in DBD::DBM.\n\nDBD::DBM passes the dbm_type and dbm_mldbm connect attributes to require without checking that the value names a module. require treats a path-shaped string as a literal filename and does not consult @INC, so the attribute chooses the file that Perl loads and runs.\n\nThe MLDBM::Serializer:: prefix that DBD::DBM prepends to dbm_mldbm is not a boundary: only the :: separators are rewritten to /, so a value containing / traverses out of the serializer directory. The value is also assigned to $MLDBM::Serializer, which MLDBM requires the same way when it ties the table.\n\nA caller that lets an untrusted party influence either attribute, for example through a DSN fragment or a parameter that selects a storage backend, runs the file-scope code of whatever module the value names.\n\nFor example,\n\n my $dsn = \"dbi:DBM:f_dir=/var/db;dbm_type=../../Untrusted.pm\"\n my $dbh = DBI-\u003econnect( $dsn );\n\nNote that DBD::Gofer forwards connect attributes to the server side, and DBI::ProxyServer checks only that a DSN starts with a driver prefix."
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-470",
"description": "CWE-470 Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-19T10:45:10.164Z",
"orgId": "9b29abf9-4ab0-4765-b253-1875cd9b441e",
"shortName": "CPANSec"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://metacpan.org/release/HMBRAND/DBI-1.653/changes"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/perl5-dbi/dbi/commit/315c6ce703b8b3cbe9188062d9ec80730293554a.patch"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/perl5-dbi/dbi/security/advisories/GHSA-wqmw-wqwx-3fr7"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade to DBI version 1.653 or later, or apply the upstream patch."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "DBI versions before 1.653 for Perl load arbitrary modules via unvalidated dbm_type and dbm_mldbm attributes in DBD::DBM",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cpansec-cna-tool 0.1"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "9b29abf9-4ab0-4765-b253-1875cd9b441e",
"assignerShortName": "CPANSec",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-78030",
"datePublished": "2026-09-19T10:45:10.164Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-22T00:39:23.300Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-20T00:05:29.533Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.
Mitigation
Implementation
Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.
CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection
An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.