Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-367

Allowed

Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.

1204 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-53831 (GCVE-0-2026-53831)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 21:56 – Updated: 2026-06-15 12:54 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.5.18 - Arbitrary File Read via Shell Expansion in system.run Safe-bin Allowlist
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.5.18 contains a policy enforcement vulnerability in system.run safe-bin allowlist validation that allows shell expansion to modify command interpretation on POSIX nodes. Authenticated operators can exploit shell metacharacters in approved commands to read unintended node-local files and expose sensitive configuration data.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-15 12:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenClaw OpenClaw Affected: 0 , < 2026.5.18 (semver)
Unaffected: 2026.5.18 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-28 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53822 (GCVE-0-2026-53822)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 21:56 – Updated: 2026-06-15 18:26 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.5.18 - Command Argument Modification via Shell Wrapper Between Approval and Execution
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.5.18 contains a command injection vulnerability where shell wrapper argv could change between approval and execution. Attackers can rebuild command arguments after allowlist approval to execute unapproved command shapes, potentially bypassing security controls.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-15 18:25 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenClaw OpenClaw Affected: 0 , < 2026.5.18 (semver)
Unaffected: 2026.5.18 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-28 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53806 (GCVE-0-2026-53806)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-11 20:05 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:16 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.5.12 - Shell Option Parsing Bypass in Exec Revalidation
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.5.12 contains a shell option parsing vulnerability that allows combined POSIX shell flags to bypass exec revalidation checks. Attackers can exploit this by using combined shell options to execute inline shell content without intended allowlist validation, potentially enabling unauthorized command execution when the affected feature is enabled.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-12 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenClaw OpenClaw Affected: 0 , < 2026.5.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 2026.5.12 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-28 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53801 (GCVE-0-2026-53801)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:41 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:50
VLAI
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 Symlink Race Condition Directory Traversal
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains a symlink race condition vulnerability in the sender's directory scanning logic that allows attackers to cause the sender to enumerate and transfer files outside the module root's intended subtree. Attackers who can create or manipulate symlinks in a path component of the scanned tree can replace a symlink with a directory entry pointing outside the module root between the lstat() call and the subsequent opendir() call, exposing files beyond the intended root in both daemon-mode and non-daemon sender-side scanning.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 15:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53800 (GCVE-0-2026-53800)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:40 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:50
VLAI
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 Symlink Race Condition via --remove-source-files
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains a symlink race condition vulnerability in the --remove-source-files feature that allows attackers with symlink creation access to cause arbitrary file deletion. Attackers can atomically substitute a symlink for a source file between transfer completion and the unlink() call, causing rsync to delete the symlink target rather than the intended source file.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 15:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53799 (GCVE-0-2026-53799)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:40 – Updated: 2026-08-14 18:09
VLAI
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 Symlink Race Condition via ACL/xattr Application
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains a symlink race condition vulnerability that allows local attackers to cause rsync to apply arbitrary ACLs or extended attributes to unintended files by substituting a symlink at a predictable destination path between the file write and the subsequent acl_set_file() or lsetxattr() call. Attackers can exploit this timing window to redirect ACL and xattr application through a crafted symlink to files outside the intended destination tree, potentially granting elevated permissions and enabling local privilege escalation.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 18:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53797 (GCVE-0-2026-53797)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:40 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:50
VLAI
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 Symlink Race Condition Information Disclosure
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains a symlink race condition vulnerability in the sender's source tree traversal that allows an attacker who can manipulate a parent directory of the source tree to redirect file reads to unintended paths. Attackers can atomically replace a parent directory component with a symlink pointing outside the source root between path resolution and file open operations to disclose file contents outside the intended transfer root.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 17:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53796 (GCVE-0-2026-53796)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:39 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:50
VLAI
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 TOCTOU Race Condition via Destination Directory Handling
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability in the non-daemon receiver's destination directory handling that allows an attacker who can manipulate destination path parent components to redirect file writes to unintended locations. Attackers can substitute a symlink for a component of the destination path between the path resolution and chdir() call, causing the receiver's working directory to be established outside the intended destination tree so that subsequent relative-path file writes land in unintended filesystem locations.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 15:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53518 (GCVE-0-2026-53518)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 17:17 – Updated: 2026-07-15 18:07
VLAI
Title
Better Auth OAuth Provider: Race Condition in Authorization Code Exchange Enables Multi-Use Code Redemption
Summary
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. From 1.6.0 until 1.6.11, the @better-auth/oauth-provider POST /oauth2/token endpoint for the authorization_code grant redeems a single-use authorization code through a non-atomic find-then-delete sequence, allowing two concurrent requests to pass the read step and mint independent access tokens, refresh tokens, and ID tokens; legacy /oauth2/token and /mcp/token paths in oidc-provider and mcp plugins share the same primitive. This issue is fixed in version 1.6.11.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 18:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
better-auth better-auth Affected: >= 1.6.0, < 1.6.11
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53517 (GCVE-0-2026-53517)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 17:33 – Updated: 2026-07-15 19:21
VLAI
Title
Better Auth OAuth Provider: Refresh Token Rotation Race Condition Allows Concurrent Replay and Token Family Forking
Summary
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. From 1.4.8-beta.7 until 1.6.11, the @better-auth/oauth-provider POST /oauth2/token endpoint on the refresh_token grant performs a non-atomic read, validate, revoke, and mint sequence on the oauthRefreshToken row, allowing concurrent requests with the same parent refresh token to pass the revoked check and create forked refresh-token families; the vulnerable range also includes embedded better-auth plugin versions before 1.6.0. This issue is fixed in version 1.6.11.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 19:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
better-auth better-auth Affected: >= 1.4.8-beta.7, < 1.6.0
Create a notification for this product.
@better-auth oauth-provider Affected: >= 1.6.0, < 1.6.11
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Implementation

The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.

Mitigation
Implementation

When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.

Mitigation
Implementation Architecture and Design

If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.

Mitigation
Implementation

Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.

CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links

This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.