Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-348
AllowedUse of Less Trusted Source
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.
127 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2022-4532 (GCVE-0-2022-4532)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-17 07:34 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LOGIN AND REGISTRATION ATTEMPTS LIMIT<= 2.1 - IP Address Spoofing to Protection Mechanism Bypass
Summary
The LOGIN AND REGISTRATION ATTEMPTS LIMIT plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing in versions up to, and including, 2.1. This is due to insufficient restrictions on where the IP Address information is being retrieved for request logging and login restrictions. Attackers can supply the X-Forwarded-For header with with a different IP Address that will be logged and can be used to bypass settings that may have blocked out an IP address from logging in.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-19 17:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| krut1 | LOGIN AND REGISTRATION ATTEMPTS LIMIT |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1
(semver)
|
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CVE-2022-4529 (GCVE-0-2022-4529)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-05 11:00 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Security, Antivirus, Firewall – S.A.F <= 2.3.5 - IP Address Spoofing to Protection Mechanism Bypass
Summary
The Security, Antivirus, Firewall – S.A.F plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing in versions up to, and including, 2.3.5. This is due to insufficient restrictions on where the IP Address information is being retrieved for request logging and login restrictions. Attackers can supply the X-Forwarded-For header with with a different IP Address that will be logged and can be used to bypass settings that may have blocked out an IP address from logging in.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-05 18:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| msoftplugins | Security, Antivirus, Firewall – S.A.F |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.3.5
(semver)
|
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CVE-2022-2255 (GCVE-0-2022-2255)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-25 17:26 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability was found in mod_wsgi. The X-Client-IP header is not removed from a request from an untrusted proxy, allowing an attacker to pass the X-Client-IP header to the target WSGI application because the condition to remove it is missing.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://modwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release-… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi/blob/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi/blob/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-21374 (GCVE-0-2021-21374)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-26 21:25 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nimble fails to validate certificates due to insecure httpClient defaults
Summary
Nimble is a package manager for the Nim programming language. In Nim release versions before versions 1.2.10 and 1.4.4, "nimble refresh" fetches a list of Nimble packages over HTTPS without full verification of the SSL/TLS certificate due to the default setting of httpClient. An attacker able to perform MitM can deliver a modified package list containing malicious software packages. If the packages are installed and used the attack escalates to untrusted code execution.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://consensys.net/diligence/vulnerabilities/n… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nim-lang/nimble/blob/master/ch… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nim-lang/security/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/pull/16940 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-21373 (GCVE-0-2021-21373)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-26 21:25 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nimble falls back to insecure http url when fetching packages
Summary
Nimble is a package manager for the Nim programming language. In Nim release versions before versions 1.2.10 and 1.4.4, "nimble refresh" fetches a list of Nimble packages over HTTPS by default. In case of error it falls back to a non-TLS URL http://irclogs.nim-lang.org/packages.json. An attacker able to perform MitM can deliver a modified package list containing malicious software packages. If the packages are installed and used the attack escalates to untrusted code execution.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://consensys.net/diligence/vulnerabilities/n… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nim-lang/nimble/blob/master/ch… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nim-lang/security/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2020-37248 (GCVE-0-2020-37248)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-08 15:05 – Updated: 2026-06-08 18:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
OfflineIMAP before 8.0.3 trusts the server with their STARTTLS capability prior to authentication, which allows STRIPTLS/man-in-the-middle attacks, taking over the connection and extracting account credentials in cleartext.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-08 18:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OfflineIMAP | OfflineIMAP |
Affected:
0 , < 8.0.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:offlineimap:offlineimap:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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GHSA-28WR-H897-6HMV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-03-11 03:30
VLAI
Details
Passbolt API before 5, if the server is misconfigured (with an incorrect installation process and disregarding of Health Check results), can send email messages with a domain name taken from an attacker-controlled HTTP Host header.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27913"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
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],
"github_reviewed": false,
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"id": "GHSA-28wr-h897-6hmv",
"modified": "2025-03-11T03:30:49Z",
"published": "2025-03-10T21:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27913"
},
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"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.passbolt.com/incidents/host-header-injection"
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GHSA-29XF-XJ7Q-WJ7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-31 09:30 – Updated: 2024-08-31 09:30
VLAI
Details
The IP Vault – WP Firewall plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing in versions up to, and including, 1.1. This is due to insufficient restrictions on where the IP Address information is being retrieved for request logging and login restrictions. Attackers can supply the X-Forwarded-For header with with a different IP Address that will be logged and can be used to bypass settings that may have blocked out an IP address or country from logging in.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
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"aliases": [
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],
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],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-31T09:15:04Z",
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"id": "GHSA-29xf-xj7q-wj7p",
"modified": "2024-08-31T09:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-08-31T09:30:44Z",
"references": [
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"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4536"
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},
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GHSA-3H23-RRPC-3P87
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-19 20:29 – Updated: 2026-05-19 20:29
VLAI
Summary
Caddy Defender trusted proxy client IP bypass
Details
Impact
Caddy Defender used r.RemoteAddr when evaluating whether a request should be blocked. RemoteAddr is the address of the immediate peer connected to Caddy.
In deployments where Caddy is behind a trusted proxy, CDN, or load balancer, the immediate peer is usually the proxy, not the original client. Caddy resolves the original client address into its client_ip request variable after applying the configured trusted_proxies policy, but Defender did not use that value.
As a result, clients from blocked IP ranges could bypass Defender when accessing Caddy through a trusted proxy whose own IP address was not blocked. This affects deployments that use Defender behind trusted proxies and expect it to enforce blocking based on the real client IP.
Patches
The issue is fixed by making Defender prefer Caddys resolved client_ip request variable when it is available. Defender falls back to RemoteAddr only when Caddy has not provided a resolved client IP.
Users should upgrade to v0.10.1 or later.
Workarounds
There is no complete workaround in affected Defender versions for deployments that rely on Caddys trusted proxy client IP resolution.
Until upgrading, affected users should enforce equivalent IP blocking at the trusted proxy, CDN, load balancer, firewall, or other edge layer before traffic reaches Caddy.
Deployments where Caddy receives traffic directly from clients, without an intermediate trusted proxy, are not affected by this bypass.
Severity
8.2 (High)
{
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],
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],
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],
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"id": "GHSA-3h23-rrpc-3p87",
"modified": "2026-05-19T20:29:14Z",
"published": "2026-05-19T20:29:14Z",
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"url": "https://github.com/JasonLovesDoggo/caddy-defender/security/advisories/GHSA-3h23-rrpc-3p87"
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"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Caddy Defender trusted proxy client IP bypass"
}
GHSA-3JQJ-JP4R-6XWM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-07 12:31 – Updated: 2026-01-07 12:31
VLAI
Details
The AA Block Country plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing in versions up to, and including, 1.0.1. This is due to the plugin trusting user-supplied headers such as HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR to determine the client's IP address without proper validation or considering if the server is behind a trusted proxy. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass IP-based access restrictions by spoofing their IP address via the X-Forwarded-For header.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13694"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-348"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-07T12:16:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The AA Block Country plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing in versions up to, and including, 1.0.1. This is due to the plugin trusting user-supplied headers such as HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR to determine the client\u0027s IP address without proper validation or considering if the server is behind a trusted proxy. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass IP-based access restrictions by spoofing their IP address via the X-Forwarded-For header.",
"id": "GHSA-3jqj-jp4r-6xwm",
"modified": "2026-01-07T12:31:20Z",
"published": "2026-01-07T12:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13694"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/aa-block-country/tags/1.0.1/aablockcountry.php#L26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/aa-block-country/trunk/aablockcountry.php#L26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/037ac32a-dc2e-4e9f-9318-65dfee1c80e9?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.