Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-348

Allowed

Use of Less Trusted Source

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.

127 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-48772 (GCVE-0-2026-48772)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 19:28 – Updated: 2026-06-22 15:16
VLAI
Title
ProxySQL: PROXY-Protocol-v1 UNKNOWN parses spoofed source IP, bypassing mysql_query_rules.client_addr ACL
Summary
ProxySQL is a proxy for MySQL and its forks, as well as PostgreSQL. In versions 2.0.0 through 3.0.8, the ProxySQL MySQL frontend accepts the `PROXY UNKNOWN <addr> <addr> <port> <port>\r\n` PP1 frame as a well-formed PROXY protocol header. The HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 specification says that when the protocol token is `UNKNOWN`, the receiver MUST ignore any address fields that follow it, because the proxy has declared it cannot determine the client identity. ProxySQL parses those address fields anyway via `sscanf` and writes the spoofed source address into the session's `addr.addr` field. From there it flows directly into the query-rule matcher, where the `client_addr` predicate decides routing and ACL. When `mysql-proxy_protocol_networks = '*'` (the default), any TCP peer can send a PP1 frame and choose any source IP claim. With that, any `mysql_query_rules` row pinned to a `client_addr` value is forgeable: the attacker writes the address they want to match into the PP1 line, and ProxySQL routes their query as if it came from that address. In practice this is a routing and ACL bypass. Real deployments use `client_addr` for read-write splitting (internal apps go to the primary, public traffic to read replicas), per-app schema pinning, and query-filter rules (DDL allowed only from admin CIDR, public queries blocked from dangerous patterns). An attacker that can reach the frontend port can forge their way into any of those routes. Version 3.0.9 patches this issue.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-22 15:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
  • CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
sysown proxysql Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 3.0.9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-46466 (GCVE-0-2026-46466)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 13:10 – Updated: 2026-07-06 14:18
VLAI
Summary
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.7, LTS2026 release version 8.6.1.0 through 8.6.1.10, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.30, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.70 contain an use of less trusted source vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to information tampering.
Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 14:18 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain Affected: 0 , < 8.8.0.0 or later (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 8.6.1.20 or later (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 8.3.1.40 or later (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 7.13.1.80 or later (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-02 06:30
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-46415 (GCVE-0-2026-46415)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-20 15:05 – Updated: 2026-07-21 13:53
VLAI
Title
Caddy Defender trusted proxy client IP bypass
Summary
The Caddy Defender plugin is a middleware for Caddy that allows users to block or manipulate requests based on the client's IP address. Prior to version 0.10.1, Caddy Defender used `r.RemoteAddr` when evaluating whether a request should be blocked. `RemoteAddr` is the address of the immediate peer connected to Caddy. In deployments where Caddy is behind a trusted proxy, CDN, or load balancer, the immediate peer is usually the proxy, not the original client. Caddy resolves the original client address into its `client_ip` request variable after applying the configured `trusted_proxies` policy, but Defender did not use that value. As a result, clients from blocked IP ranges could bypass Defender when accessing Caddy through a trusted proxy whose own IP address was not blocked. This affects deployments that use Defender behind trusted proxies and expect it to enforce blocking based on the real client IP. The issue is fixed in version 0.10.1 by making Defender prefer Caddys resolved `client_ip` request variable when it is available. Defender falls back to `RemoteAddr` only when Caddy has not provided a resolved client IP. There is no complete workaround in affected Defender versions for deployments that rely on Caddy's trusted proxy client IP resolution. Until upgrading, affected users should enforce equivalent IP blocking at the trusted proxy, CDN, load balancer, firewall, or other edge layer before traffic reaches Caddy. Deployments where Caddy receives traffic directly from clients, without an intermediate trusted proxy, are not affected by this bypass.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-21 13:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44183 (GCVE-0-2026-44183)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 17:32 – Updated: 2026-05-13 14:40
VLAI
Title
Cleanuparr: X-Forwarded-For leftmost parsing allows remote unauthenticated admin takeover when reverse-proxy mode is enabled
Summary
Cleanuparr is a tool for automating the cleanup of unwanted or blocked files in Sonarr, Radarr, and supported download clients like qBittorrent. Prior to 2.9.10, TrustedNetworkAuthenticationHandler.ResolveClientIp parses the leftmost entry of the X-Forwarded-For header as the client IP. That entry is attacker-controlled — X-Forwarded-For is append-only, so the leftmost value is whatever the original HTTP client claimed. By sending a spoofed local IP in the header, an unauthenticated remote attacker passes the trusted-network check and is logged in as the Cleanuparr administrator. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.9.10.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-13 14:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cleanuparr Cleanuparr Affected: < 2.9.10
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44046 (GCVE-0-2026-44046)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 13:09 – Updated: 2026-06-22 16:18
VLAI
Title
Apache APISIX: wolf-rbac plugin Identity Spoofing
Summary
Use of Less Trusted Source vulnerability in Apache APISIX. Attacker can take advantage of wolf-rbac plugin under default configuration to potentially pollute logs with spoofed identity information and exploit IP based access control rules. This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 1.2.0 through 3.16.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.17.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
2.3 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-22 16:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache APISIX Affected: 1.2.0 , ≤ 3.16.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Qi Deng
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-43634 (GCVE-0-2026-43634)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-19 13:33 – Updated: 2026-07-14 20:01 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
HestiaCP 1.2.0-1.9.4 IP Spoofing via CF-Connecting-IP Header
Summary
HestiaCP versions 1.2.0 through 1.9.4 contain an IP spoofing vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass authentication security controls by supplying an arbitrary IP address in the CF-Connecting-IP HTTP header without verifying the request originated from Cloudflare's network. Attackers can exploit this to circumvent fail2ban brute-force protection, bypass per-user IP allowlists, and poison authentication audit logs by spoofing trusted IP addresses on each request.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-19 16:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hestiacp hestiacp Affected: 1.2.0 , ≤ 1.9.4 (semver)
Unaffected: f381e294500f671cf12716c638afd0bfde901f88 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-03-09 00:00
Credits
sutol divinity76
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40226 (GCVE-0-2026-40226)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-10 15:18 – Updated: 2026-04-14 14:48
VLAI
Summary
In nspawn in systemd 233 through 259 before 260, an escape-to-host action can occur via a crafted optional config file.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-14 14:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
systemd systemd Affected: 233 , < 260 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-35507 (GCVE-0-2026-35507)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-03 01:00 – Updated: 2026-04-03 13:21
VLAI
Summary
Shynet before 0.14.0 allows Host header injection in the password reset flow.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-03 13:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
milesmcc Shynet Affected: 0 , < 0.14.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-35391 (GCVE-0-2026-35391)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-06 20:17 – Updated: 2026-04-07 15:09
VLAI
Title
Bulwark Webmail getClientIP() trusted client-controlled X-Forwarded-For value, enabling rate limit bypass and audit log forgery
Summary
Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client for Stalwart Mail Server. Prior to 1.4.11, the getClientIP() function in lib/admin/session.ts trusted the first (leftmost) entry of the X-Forwarded-For header, which is fully controlled by the client. An attacker could forge their source IP address to bypass IP-based rate limiting (enabling brute-force attacks against the admin login) or forge audit log entries (making malicious activity appear to originate from arbitrary IP addresses). This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.11.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-07 14:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
bulwarkmail webmail Affected: < 1.4.11
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-33690 (GCVE-0-2026-33690)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-23 18:45 – Updated: 2026-03-24 18:36
VLAI
Title
AVideo vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing via Untrusted HTTP Headers in getRealIpAddr()
Summary
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the `getRealIpAddr()` function in `objects/functions.php` trusts user-controlled HTTP headers to determine the client's IP address. An attacker can spoof their IP address by sending forged headers, bypassing any IP-based access controls or audit logging. Commit 1a1df6a9377e5cc67d1d0ac8ef571f7abbffbc6c contains a patch.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-24 18:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WWBN AVideo Affected: <=26.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning

An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.

CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning

A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.

CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename

An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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