CWE-346
Allowed-with-ReviewOrigin Validation Error
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
961 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F4Q8-P5R9-H46M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-30 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-30 15:31Inappropriate implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-17777"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-30T01:16:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-f4q8-p5r9-h46m",
"modified": "2026-07-30T15:31:41Z",
"published": "2026-07-30T03:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-17777"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0887107924.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/513462236"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4XH-W4CJ-QXQ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 22:10 – Updated: 2026-06-19 22:10Summary
An attacker who can send an HTTP request to a server running the LangSmith SDK's TracingMiddleware can cause that server to read an arbitrary file from its local filesystem and upload the contents to LangSmith as a trace attachment. Depending on how the distributed trace system is deployed, triggering a read may not require authentication. Retrieving the contents requires read access to the LangSmith workspace the traces are sent to. The net effect is a trust-boundary crossing: a party with workspace trace-read access (for example a low-privilege workspace member, a contractor, or a compromised teammate account) gains the ability to read files from any server running TracingMiddleware, a capability outside that workspace's intended trust boundary.
Impact
Confidentiality (High): arbitrary read of files accessible to the server process, exposed to anyone with workspace trace-read access.
Details
Two defects combine. A field supplied through a tracing-propagation header was merged into the run without validation, allowing injection of run attributes including attachments (CWE-346). A type check intended to gate filesystem access did not match the type of the decoded input, so the guard never engaged (CWE-843). As a result, an attacker-named file is opened by the server and uploaded as a trace attachment by the background tracing thread (CWE-22).
Who can exploit this
- Anyone reachable by HTTP can trigger the file read. Depending on how the distributed trace system is deployed, triggering may not require authentication.
- Retrieving the file contents requires read access to the destination LangSmith workspace. The upload uses the server's own configured API key and workspace, which the attacker cannot redirect, so a zero-access outsider cannot retrieve the result; a workspace member, or anyone who has compromised one, can.
Remediation
Upgrade the Python SDK to >= 0.8.18.
Workarounds
Until upgrading, do not expose TracingMiddleware to untrusted HTTP traffic, and limit workspace trace-read access to trusted members.
Credits
First reported by @Ryu7zz.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "langsmith"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.18"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-346",
"CWE-843"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-19T22:10:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# Summary\n\nAn attacker who can send an HTTP request to a server running the LangSmith SDK\u0027s `TracingMiddleware` can cause that server to read an arbitrary file from its local filesystem and upload the contents to LangSmith as a trace attachment. Depending on how the distributed trace system is deployed, triggering a read may not require authentication. Retrieving the contents requires read access to the LangSmith workspace the traces are sent to. The net effect is a trust-boundary crossing: a party with workspace trace-read access (for example a low-privilege workspace member, a contractor, or a compromised teammate account) gains the ability to read files from any server running `TracingMiddleware`, a capability outside that workspace\u0027s intended trust boundary.\n\n# Impact\n\nConfidentiality (High): arbitrary read of files accessible to the server process, exposed to anyone with workspace trace-read access.\n\n# Details\n\nTwo defects combine. A field supplied through a tracing-propagation header was merged into the run without validation, allowing injection of run attributes including attachments (CWE-346). A type check intended to gate filesystem access did not match the type of the decoded input, so the guard never engaged (CWE-843). As a result, an attacker-named file is opened by the server and uploaded as a trace attachment by the background tracing thread (CWE-22).\n\n## Who can exploit this\n\n- Anyone reachable by HTTP can trigger the file read. Depending on how the distributed trace system is deployed, triggering may not require authentication.\n- Retrieving the file contents requires read access to the destination LangSmith workspace. The upload uses the server\u0027s own configured API key and workspace, which the attacker cannot redirect, so a zero-access outsider cannot retrieve the result; a workspace member, or anyone who has compromised one, can.\n\n# Remediation\n\nUpgrade the Python SDK to `\u003e= 0.8.18`.\n\n# Workarounds\n\nUntil upgrading, do not expose `TracingMiddleware` to untrusted HTTP traffic, and limit workspace trace-read access to trusted members.\n\n# Credits\n\nFirst reported by @Ryu7zz.",
"id": "GHSA-f4xh-w4cj-qxq8",
"modified": "2026-06-19T22:10:34Z",
"published": "2026-06-19T22:10:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/langchain-ai/langsmith-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-f4xh-w4cj-qxq8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/langchain-ai/langsmith-sdk"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "LangSmith SDK TracingMiddleware: Arbitrary server-side file read"
}
GHSA-F53G-FRR2-JHPF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:33An issue was discovered in Gitpod versions prior to release-2022.11.2.16. There is a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulnerability that allows attackers to make WebSocket connections to the Gitpod JSONRPC server using a victim’s credentials, because the Origin header is not restricted. This can lead to the extraction of data from workspaces, to a full takeover of the workspace.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0957"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1385",
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-03T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Gitpod versions prior to release-2022.11.2.16. There is a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulnerability that allows attackers to make WebSocket connections to the Gitpod JSONRPC server using a victim\u2019s credentials, because the Origin header is not restricted. This can lead to the extraction of data from workspaces, to a full takeover of the workspace.",
"id": "GHSA-f53g-frr2-jhpf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:33:50Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/pull/16378"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/pull/16405"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/commit/12956988eec0031f42ffdfa3bdc3359f65628f9f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/commit/673ab6856fa04c13b7b1f2a968e4d090f1d94e4f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://app.safebase.io/portal/71ccd717-aa2d-4a1e-942e-c768d37e9e0c/preview?product=default\u0026orgId=71ccd717-aa2d-4a1e-942e-c768d37e9e0c\u0026tcuUid=1d505bda-9a38-4ca5-8724-052e6337f34d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/releases/tag/release-2022.11.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/blog/gitpod-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-websockets"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F569-MJGV-FG78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:49Incorrect security UI in downloads in Google Chrome on Android prior to 90.0.4430.93 allowed a remote attacker to perform domain spoofing via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21229"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-30T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Incorrect security UI in downloads in Google Chrome on Android prior to 90.0.4430.93 allowed a remote attacker to perform domain spoofing via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-f569-mjgv-fg78",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:49:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:49:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21229"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_26.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1198165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EAJ42L4JFPBJATCZ7MOZQTUDGV4OEHHG"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3GZ42MYPGD35V652ZPVPYYS7A7LVXVY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VUZBGKGVZADNA3I24NVG7HAYYUTOSN5A"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4911"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-F5GP-3W6P-WGX9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-06 18:52 – Updated: 2022-10-08 00:00IBM Robotic Process Automation 21.0.0, 21.0.1, 21.0.2, 21.0.3, and 21.0.4 is vulnerable to cross origin resource sharing using the bot api. IBM X-Force ID: 236807.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41294"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-06T18:16:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Robotic Process Automation 21.0.0, 21.0.1, 21.0.2, 21.0.3, and 21.0.4 is vulnerable to cross origin resource sharing using the bot api. IBM X-Force ID: 236807.",
"id": "GHSA-f5gp-3w6p-wgx9",
"modified": "2022-10-08T00:00:33Z",
"published": "2022-10-06T18:52:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/236807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6825985"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F5RW-8C63-MM55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-08 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-08 18:30A logic error exists in the Falcon sensor for Windows that could allow an attacker, with the prior ability to execute code on a host, to delete arbitrary files. CrowdStrike released a security fix for this issue in Falcon sensor for Windows versions 7.24 and above and all Long Term Visibility (LTV) sensors.
There is no indication of exploitation of these issues in the wild. Our threat hunting and intelligence teams are actively monitoring for exploitation and we maintain visibility into any such attempts.
The Falcon sensor for Mac, the Falcon sensor for Linux and the Falcon sensor for Legacy Systems are not impacted by this.
CrowdStrike was made aware of this issue through our HackerOne bug bounty program. It was discovered by Cong Cheng and responsibly disclosed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-42706"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-08T18:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A logic error exists in the Falcon sensor for Windows that could allow an attacker, with the prior ability to execute code on a host, to delete arbitrary files. CrowdStrike released a security fix for this issue in Falcon sensor for Windows versions 7.24 and above and all Long Term Visibility (LTV) sensors.\n\nThere is no indication of exploitation of these issues in the wild. Our threat hunting and intelligence teams are actively monitoring for exploitation and we maintain visibility into any such attempts.\n\nThe Falcon sensor for Mac, the Falcon sensor for Linux and the Falcon sensor for Legacy Systems are not impacted by this.\n\nCrowdStrike was made aware of this issue through our HackerOne bug bounty program. It was discovered by Cong Cheng and responsibly disclosed.",
"id": "GHSA-f5rw-8c63-mm55",
"modified": "2025-10-08T18:30:16Z",
"published": "2025-10-08T18:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/security-advisories/issues-affecting-crowdstrike-falcon-sensor-for-windows"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F688-GWJ3-8H54
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-11 15:30 – Updated: 2026-02-11 15:30Proctorio Chrome Extension is a browser extension used for online proctoring. The extension contains multiple window.addEventListener('message', ...) handlers that do not properly validate the origin of incoming messages. Specifically, an internal messaging bridge processes messages based solely on the presence of a fromWebsite property without verifying the event.origin attribute.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2345"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T15:16:18Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Proctorio Chrome Extension is a browser extension used for online proctoring. The extension contains multiple window.addEventListener(\u0027message\u0027, ...) handlers that do not properly validate the origin of incoming messages. Specifically, an internal messaging bridge processes messages based solely on the presence of a fromWebsite property without verifying the event.origin attribute.",
"id": "GHSA-f688-gwj3-8h54",
"modified": "2026-02-11T15:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-02-11T15:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hckrt.com/hacktivity/46b61f36-b685-4667-aebf-82a67ad69ad6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F6C6-G5XQ-FVM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:37 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:37ZTE E8810/E8820/E8822 series routers have an MQTT DoS vulnerability, which is caused by the failure of the device to verify the validity of abnormal messages. A remote attacker could connect to the MQTT server and send an MQTT exception message to the specified device, which will cause the device to deny service. This affects:
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-21T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ZTE E8810/E8820/E8822 series routers have an MQTT DoS vulnerability, which is caused by the failure of the device to verify the validity of abnormal messages. A remote attacker could connect to the MQTT server and send an MQTT exception message to the specified device, which will cause the device to deny service. This affects:\u003cZXHN E8810, ZXHN E8820, ZXHN E8822\u003e\u003cE8810 V1.0.26, E8810 V2.0.1, E8820 V1.1.3L, E8820 V2.0.13, E8822 V2.0.13\u003e",
"id": "GHSA-f6c6-g5xq-fvm6",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:37:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:37:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.zte.com.cn/support/news/LoopholeInfoDetail.aspx?newsId=1014202"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-F6J3-WRC2-M228
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-09 18:30An Origin Validation Error vulnerability in an insufficient protected file of Juniper Networks Junos OS on EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series allows an unauthenticated attacker with physical access to the device to create a backdoor which allows complete control of the system.
When a device isn't configured with a root password, an attacker can modify a specific file. It's contents will be added to the Junos configuration of the device without being visible. This allows for the addition of any configuration unknown
to the actual operator, which includes users, IP addresses and other configuration which could allow unauthorized access to the device. This exploit is persistent across reboots and even zeroization.
The indicator of compromise is a modified /etc/config/-defaults[-flex].conf file. Review that file for unexpected configuration statements, or compare it to an unmodified version which can be extracted from the original Juniper software image file. For details on the extraction procedure please contact Juniper Technical Assistance Center (JTAC).
To restore the device to a trusted initial configuration the system needs to be reinstalled from physical media.
This issue affects Junos OS on EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series:
- All versions before 21.4R3,
- 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59957"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-09T16:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Origin Validation Error vulnerability in an insufficient protected file of Juniper Networks Junos OS on\u00a0EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series allows an unauthenticated attacker with physical access to the device to create a backdoor which allows complete control of the system.\n\nWhen a device isn\u0027t configured with a root password, an attacker can modify a specific file. It\u0027s contents will be added to the Junos configuration of the device without being visible. This allows for the addition of any configuration unknown \n\nto the actual operator,\u00a0which includes users, IP addresses and other configuration which could allow unauthorized access to the device.\nThis exploit is persistent across reboots and even zeroization.\n\nThe indicator of compromise is a modified /etc/config/\u003cplatform\u003e-defaults[-flex].conf file. Review that file for unexpected configuration statements, or compare it to an unmodified version which can be\u00a0extracted from the original Juniper software image file. For details on the extraction procedure please contact Juniper Technical Assistance Center (JTAC).\n\nTo restore the device to a trusted initial configuration the system needs to be reinstalled from physical media.\u00a0\n\nThis issue affects Junos OS on EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series:\n\n\n\n * All versions before 21.4R3,\n * 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S3.",
"id": "GHSA-f6j3-wrc2-m228",
"modified": "2025-10-09T18:30:36Z",
"published": "2025-10-09T18:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.juniper.net/support/requesting-support"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA103146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/s/article/EX-QFX-Procedure-to-format-install-QFX5K-device-using-a-USB"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:U/V:X/RE:H/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F6MQ-9VJ5-5R82
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:31 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:31Accessing, modifying, or executing executable files vulnerability in Microsoft Windows client in McAfee Application and Change Control (MACC) 8.0.0 Hotfix 4 and earlier allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via file transfer from external system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6690"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-18T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Accessing, modifying, or executing executable files vulnerability in Microsoft Windows client in McAfee Application and Change Control (MACC) 8.0.0 Hotfix 4 and earlier allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via file transfer from external system.",
"id": "GHSA-f6mq-9vj5-5r82",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:31:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:31:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-674165.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10250"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-160: Exploit Script-Based APIs
Some APIs support scripting instructions as arguments. Methods that take scripted instructions (or references to scripted instructions) can be very flexible and powerful. However, if an attacker can specify the script that serves as input to these methods they can gain access to a great deal of functionality. For example, HTML pages support <script> tags that allow scripting languages to be embedded in the page and then interpreted by the receiving web browser. If the content provider is malicious, these scripts can compromise the client application. Some applications may even execute the scripts under their own identity (rather than the identity of the user providing the script) which can allow attackers to perform activities that would otherwise be denied to them.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-510: SaaS User Request Forgery
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, performs malicious actions against a third-party Software as a Service (SaaS) application (also known as a cloud based application) by leveraging the persistent and implicit trust placed on a trusted user's session. This attack is executed after a trusted user is authenticated into a cloud service, "piggy-backing" on the authenticated session, and exploiting the fact that the cloud service believes it is only interacting with the trusted user. If successful, the actions embedded in the malicious application will be processed and accepted by the targeted SaaS application and executed at the trusted user's privilege level.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-89: Pharming
A pharming attack occurs when the victim is fooled into entering sensitive data into supposedly trusted locations, such as an online bank site or a trading platform. An attacker can impersonate these supposedly trusted sites and have the victim be directed to their site rather than the originally intended one. Pharming does not require script injection or clicking on malicious links for the attack to succeed.