Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-345
DiscouragedInsufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
943 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-3012 (GCVE-0-2026-3012)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 10:02 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Samba: group policy certificate enrollment uses http:// without validation
Summary
A flaw was found in Samba’s certificate auto-enrollment Group Policy handling. When certificate auto-enrollment is enabled, Samba may retrieve a CA certificate over an unencrypted HTTP connection and install it into the local trust store without proper verification. An attacker with the ability to intercept or redirect network traffic could exploit this behavior to supply a malicious certificate authority certificate, potentially allowing interception or spoofing of trusted communications.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
14 references
Impacted products
23 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:4.23.5-109.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:4.21.3-114.el10_0.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:4.19.4-16.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::crb cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:4.15.5-16.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:4.15.5-16.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:4.17.5-7.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:4.17.5-7.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:4.23.5-10.el9_8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::crb cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::resilientstorage cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:4.17.5-105.el9_2.5 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::resilientstorage cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:4.19.4-105.el9_4.4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4::resilientstorage cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:4.21.3-14.el9_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::crb cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::resilientstorage cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19 |
Unaffected:
4.19.9.6.202606241344-0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:4.19.4-16.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:4.15.5-16.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:4.15.5-16.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:4.17.5-7.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:4.17.5-7.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:4.23.5-10.el9_8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:4.17.5-105.el9_2.5 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:4.19.4-105.el9_4.4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:4.21.3-14.el9_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
Date Public
2026-05-27 09:17
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-3012",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-27T00:00:00+00:00",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-28T03:55:25.474Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.23.5-109.el10_2",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.21.3-114.el10_0.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8",
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.19.4-16.el8_10",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.15.5-16.el8_6.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.15.5-16.el8_6.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.17.5-7.el8_8.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.17.5-7.el8_8.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9",
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.23.5-10.el9_8",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.17.5-105.el9_2.5",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.19.4-105.el9_4.4",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.21.3-14.el9_6.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.19::el9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhcos",
"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "4.19.9.6.202606241344-0",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"packageName": "samba4",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-05-27T09:17:49.862Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A flaw was found in Samba\u2019s certificate auto-enrollment Group Policy handling. When certificate auto-enrollment is enabled, Samba may retrieve a CA certificate over an unencrypted HTTP connection and install it into the local trust store without proper verification. An attacker with the ability to intercept or redirect network traffic could exploit this behavior to supply a malicious certificate authority certificate, potentially allowing interception or spoofing of trusted communications."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
"value": "Important"
},
"type": "Red Hat severity rating"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T01:10:06.816Z",
"orgId": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"shortName": "redhat-SADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-3012"
},
{
"name": "RHBZ#2447319",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447319"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_sadp-csaf-vex"
],
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-3012.json"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:29863"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28055"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22963"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22644"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28057"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28056"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28054"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28053"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25979"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25049"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:29863: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:28055: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0), Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:22963: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10), Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:22644: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:28057: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS EXTENSION (v.8.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.6)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:28056: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:28054: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Resilient Storage E4S (v.9.2)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:28053: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Resilient Storage E4S (v.9.4)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:25979: Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Resilient Storage EUS (v.9.6)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:25049: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9), Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Resilient Storage (v. 9)"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-13T12:55:02.623Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-05-27T09:17:49.862Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "samba: group policy certificate enrollment uses http:// without validation",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Systems are not affected unless Samba Group Policy processing and certificate auto-enrollment are explicitly enabled.\n\nAdministrators can reduce exposure by:\n\nAvoiding unnecessary use of certificate auto-enrollment.\nEnsuring your \"smb.conf\" does not contain a line like ```apply group policies = yes```. If , group policy is not be enabled, the vulnerable code will not run.\n\nIntercepting the HTTP request requires some control over the local network or other devices to intercept or redirect traffic. Some network administrators might assess this as a low risk on their\nnetworks."
}
],
"x_adpType": "supplier",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "sadp-cli 1.0.0"
}
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.23.5-109.el10_2",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.21.3-114.el10_0.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::crb",
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.19.4-16.el8_10",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::crb",
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.19.4-16.el8_10",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::appstream",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.15.5-16.el8_6.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::appstream",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.15.5-16.el8_6.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.17.5-7.el8_8.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.17.5-7.el8_8.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::crb",
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::resilientstorage",
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.23.5-10.el9_8",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::crb",
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::resilientstorage",
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.23.5-10.el9_8",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::resilientstorage",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.17.5-105.el9_2.5",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4::resilientstorage",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.19.4-105.el9_4.4",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream",
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::crb",
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::resilientstorage",
"cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.21.3-14.el9_6.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.19::el9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhcos",
"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "4.19.9.6.202606241344-0",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"packageName": "samba4",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "samba",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Red Hat would like to thank Arad Inbar (DREAM Security Research Team), Ben Grinberg (DREAM Security Research Team), Michalis Vasileiadis, and Nir Somech (DREAM Security Research Team) for reporting this issue."
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-05-27T09:17:49.862Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A flaw was found in Samba\u2019s certificate auto-enrollment Group Policy handling. When certificate auto-enrollment is enabled, Samba may retrieve a CA certificate over an unencrypted HTTP connection and install it into the local trust store without proper verification. An attacker with the ability to intercept or redirect network traffic could exploit this behavior to supply a malicious certificate authority certificate, potentially allowing interception or spoofing of trusted communications."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
"value": "Important"
},
"type": "Red Hat severity rating"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-02T19:05:49.989Z",
"orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"shortName": "redhat"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "RHSA-2026:22644",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22644"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2026:22963",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22963"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2026:25049",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25049"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2026:25979",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25979"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2026:28053",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28053"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2026:28054",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28054"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2026:28055",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28055"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2026:28056",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28056"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2026:28057",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28057"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2026:29863",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:29863"
},
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-3012"
},
{
"name": "RHBZ#2447319",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447319"
},
{
"url": "https://bugzilla.samba.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16003"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-13T12:55:02.623Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-05-27T09:17:49.862Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "Samba: group policy certificate enrollment uses http:// without validation",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Systems are not affected unless Samba Group Policy processing and certificate auto-enrollment are explicitly enabled.\n\nAdministrators can reduce exposure by:\n\nAvoiding unnecessary use of certificate auto-enrollment.\nEnsuring your \"smb.conf\" does not contain a line like ```apply group policies = yes```. If , group policy is not be enabled, the vulnerable code will not run.\n\nIntercepting the HTTP request requires some control over the local network or other devices to intercept or redirect traffic. Some network administrators might assess this as a low risk on their\nnetworks."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
},
"x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"assignerShortName": "redhat",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-3012",
"datePublished": "2026-05-27T10:02:21.767Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-02-23T07:08:58.479Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T01:10:06.816Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-2968 (GCVE-0-2026-2968)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-23 03:02 – Updated: 2026-02-23 17:26 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cesanta Mongoose Poly1305 Authentication Tag tls_chacha20.c mg_chacha20_poly1305_decrypt signature verification
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This impacts the function mg_chacha20_poly1305_decrypt of the file /src/tls_chacha20.c of the component Poly1305 Authentication Tag Handler. The manipulation results in improper verification of cryptographic signature. The attack may be launched remotely. This attack is characterized by high complexity. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.347335 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347335 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.757091 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/dwBruijn/CVEs/blob/main/Mongoo… | related |
| https://github.com/dwBruijn/CVEs/blob/main/Mongoo… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cesanta | Mongoose |
Affected:
7.0
Affected: 7.1 Affected: 7.2 Affected: 7.3 Affected: 7.4 Affected: 7.5 Affected: 7.6 Affected: 7.7 Affected: 7.8 Affected: 7.9 Affected: 7.10 Affected: 7.11 Affected: 7.12 Affected: 7.13 Affected: 7.14 Affected: 7.15 Affected: 7.16 Affected: 7.17 Affected: 7.18 Affected: 7.19 Affected: 7.20 cpe:2.3:a:cesanta:mongoose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-2968",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-02-23T17:26:42.762866Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-23T17:26:53.648Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:cesanta:mongoose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"Poly1305 Authentication Tag Handler"
],
"product": "Mongoose",
"vendor": "Cesanta",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.12"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.13"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.15"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.16"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.17"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.18"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.19"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.20"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "dwbruijn (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was detected in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This impacts the function mg_chacha20_poly1305_decrypt of the file /src/tls_chacha20.c of the component Poly1305 Authentication Tag Handler. The manipulation results in improper verification of cryptographic signature. The attack may be launched remotely. This attack is characterized by high complexity. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 3.7,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 3.7,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 2.6,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-347",
"description": "Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-23T03:02:07.673Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-347335 | Cesanta Mongoose Poly1305 Authentication Tag tls_chacha20.c mg_chacha20_poly1305_decrypt signature verification",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.347335"
},
{
"name": "VDB-347335 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347335"
},
{
"name": "Submit #757091 | Cesanta Mongoose Embedded Web Server 7.20 Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.757091"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/dwBruijn/CVEs/blob/main/Mongoose/ChaCha20Poly1305.md"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/dwBruijn/CVEs/blob/main/Mongoose/ChaCha20Poly1305.md#poc"
}
],
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-02-22T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-02-22T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-02-22T09:02:39.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "Cesanta Mongoose Poly1305 Authentication Tag tls_chacha20.c mg_chacha20_poly1305_decrypt signature verification"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-2968",
"datePublished": "2026-02-23T03:02:07.673Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-02-22T07:57:31.932Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-23T17:26:53.648Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-2428 (GCVE-0-2026-2428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-27 03:23 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fluent Forms Pro Add On Pack <= 6.1.17 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated Payment Status modification
Summary
The Fluent Forms Pro Add On Pack plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 6.1.17. This is due to the PayPal IPN (Instant Payment Notification) verification being disabled by default (`disable_ipn_verification` defaults to `'yes'` in `PayPalSettings.php`). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to send forged PayPal IPN notifications to the publicly accessible IPN endpoint, marking unpaid form submissions as "paid" and triggering post-payment automation (emails, access grants, digital product delivery).
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| techjewel | Fluent Forms Pro Add On Pack |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.1.17
(semver)
|
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-2428",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-02-27T15:49:08.291600Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-27T15:49:59.392Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Fluent Forms Pro Add On Pack",
"vendor": "techjewel",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.17",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Prickly Cactus"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Fluent Forms Pro Add On Pack plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 6.1.17. This is due to the PayPal IPN (Instant Payment Notification) verification being disabled by default (`disable_ipn_verification` defaults to `\u0027yes\u0027` in `PayPalSettings.php`). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to send forged PayPal IPN notifications to the publicly accessible IPN endpoint, marking unpaid form submissions as \"paid\" and triggering post-payment automation (emails, access grants, digital product delivery)."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:29:56.825Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/e5c62e54-da06-4b44-ba70-63065e664b0d?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://fluentforms.com/docs/changelog/#2-toc-title"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-02-12T21:03:48.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-02-26T14:33:15.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Fluent Forms Pro Add On Pack \u003c= 6.1.17 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated Payment Status modification"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-2428",
"datePublished": "2026-02-27T03:23:19.329Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-02-12T20:48:34.727Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:29:56.825Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-2385 (GCVE-0-2026-2385)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-22 08:24 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
The Plus Addons for Elementor – Addons for Elementor, Page Templates, Widgets, Mega Menu, WooCommerce <= 6.4.7 - Unauthenticated Email Relay
Summary
The The Plus Addons for Elementor – Addons for Elementor, Page Templates, Widgets, Mega Menu, WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 6.4.7. This is due to the plugin decrypting and trusting attacker-controlled email_data in an unauthenticated AJAX handler without cryptographic authenticity guarantees. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to tamper with form email routing and redirection values to trigger unauthorized email relay and attacker-controlled redirection via the 'email_data' parameter.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| posimyththemes | The Plus Addons for Elementor – Addons for Elementor, Page Templates, Widgets, Mega Menu, WooCommerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.4.7
(semver)
|
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-2385",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-02-25T18:30:38.445551Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-25T18:30:50.182Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "The Plus Addons for Elementor \u2013 Addons for Elementor, Page Templates, Widgets, Mega Menu, WooCommerce",
"vendor": "posimyththemes",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Qu\u1ed1c Huy"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The The Plus Addons for Elementor \u2013 Addons for Elementor, Page Templates, Widgets, Mega Menu, WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 6.4.7. This is due to the plugin decrypting and trusting attacker-controlled email_data in an unauthenticated AJAX handler without cryptographic authenticity guarantees. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to tamper with form email routing and redirection values to trigger unauthorized email relay and attacker-controlled redirection via the \u0027email_data\u0027 parameter."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:09:16.352Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9176535c-8e37-4a18-b458-a71c4a84daa4?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3463156/the-plus-addons-for-elementor-page-builder"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-02-11T23:50:11.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-02-21T19:49:02.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "The Plus Addons for Elementor \u2013 Addons for Elementor, Page Templates, Widgets, Mega Menu, WooCommerce \u003c= 6.4.7 - Unauthenticated Email Relay"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-2385",
"datePublished": "2026-02-22T08:24:44.635Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-02-11T22:53:35.124Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:09:16.352Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-1195 (GCVE-0-2026-1195)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-20 00:02 – Updated: 2026-03-25 12:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MineAdmin JWT Token refresh data authenticity
Summary
A weakness has been identified in MineAdmin 1.x/2.x. This impacts the function refresh of the file /system/refresh of the component JWT Token Handler. This manipulation causes insufficient verification of data authenticity. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.341780 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.341780 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.734272 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/SourByte05/MineAdmin-Vulnerabi… | broken-linkexploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-1195",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-20T17:05:04.355020Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-20T17:05:12.048Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:mineadmin:mineadmin:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"JWT Token Handler"
],
"product": "MineAdmin",
"vendor": "n/a",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.*"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.*"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "sourbyte (VulDB User)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "VulDB"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A weakness has been identified in MineAdmin 1.x/2.x. This impacts the function refresh of the file /system/refresh of the component JWT Token Handler. This manipulation causes insufficient verification of data authenticity. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 2.3,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 4.6,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-25T12:32:32.016Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-341780 | MineAdmin JWT Token refresh data authenticity",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.341780"
},
{
"name": "VDB-341780 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.341780"
},
{
"name": "Submit #734272 | MineAdmin MineAdmin Enterprise Backend Management System MineAdmin v1.x MineAdmin v2.x Flaw Vulnerability",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.734272"
},
{
"tags": [
"broken-link",
"exploit",
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/SourByte05/MineAdmin-Vulnerability/issues/4"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-19T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-19T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-02-06T08:12:16.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "MineAdmin JWT Token refresh data authenticity"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-1195",
"datePublished": "2026-01-20T00:02:07.358Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-19T13:59:56.238Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-25T12:32:32.016Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-0939 (GCVE-0-2026-0939)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-16 06:43 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rede Itaú for WooCommerce — Payment PIX, Credit Card and Debit <= 5.1.2 - Unauthenticated Order Status Manipulation
Summary
The Rede Itaú for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to order status manipulation due to insufficient verification of data authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.2. This is due to the plugin failing to verify the authenticity of payment callbacks. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to manipulate WooCommerce order statuses, either marking unpaid orders as paid, or failed.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| linknacional | Rede Itaú for WooCommerce — Payment PIX, Credit Card and Debit |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.1.2
(semver)
|
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-0939",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-16T13:57:15.216409Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-16T13:57:52.515Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Rede Ita\u00fa for WooCommerce \u2014 Payment PIX, Credit Card and Debit",
"vendor": "linknacional",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.1.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Osvaldo Noe Gonzalez Del Rio"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Rede Ita\u00fa for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to order status manipulation due to insufficient verification of data authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.2. This is due to the plugin failing to verify the authenticity of payment callbacks. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to manipulate WooCommerce order statuses, either marking unpaid orders as paid, or failed."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:00:41.932Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/722c666b-913f-4289-82e6-30aa0a3abc2b?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-rede/tags/5.1.2/Includes/LknIntegrationRedeForWoocommerceWcEndpoint.php#L45"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-rede/tags/5.1.2/Includes/LknIntegrationRedeForWoocommerceWcEndpoint.php#L460"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-rede/tags/5.1.2/Includes/LknIntegrationRedeForWoocommerceWcEndpoint.php#L710"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3441046/woo-rede/tags/5.1.3/Includes/LknIntegrationRedeForWoocommerceWcEndpoint.php"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Discovered"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-15T18:31:03.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Rede Ita\u00fa for WooCommerce \u2014 Payment PIX, Credit Card and Debit \u003c= 5.1.2 - Unauthenticated Order Status Manipulation"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-0939",
"datePublished": "2026-01-16T06:43:20.971Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-14T14:06:31.783Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:00:41.932Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-66570 (GCVE-0-2025-66570)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-05 18:18 – Updated: 2025-12-05 18:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
cpp-httplib Untrusted HTTP Header Handling: Internal Header Shadowing (REMOTE*/LOCAL*)
Summary
cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.27.0, a vulnerability allows attacker-controlled HTTP headers to influence server-visible metadata, logging, and authorization decisions. An attacker can inject headers named REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_PORT, LOCAL_ADDR, LOCAL_PORT that are parsed into the request header multimap via read_headers() in httplib.h (headers.emplace), then the server later appends its own internal metadata using the same header names in Server::process_request without erasing duplicates. Because Request::get_header_value returns the first entry for a header key (id == 0) and the client-supplied headers are parsed before server-inserted headers, downstream code that uses these header names may inadvertently use attacker-controlled values. Affected files/locations: cpp-httplib/httplib.h (read_headers, Server::process_request, Request::get_header_value, get_header_value_u64) and cpp-httplib/docker/main.cc (get_client_ip, nginx_access_logger, nginx_error_logger). Attack surface: attacker-controlled HTTP headers in incoming requests flow into the Request.headers multimap and into logging code that reads forwarded headers, enabling IP spoofing, log poisoning, and authorization bypass via header shadowing. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.27.0.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/commit/ac9… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| yhirose | cpp-httplib |
Affected:
< 0.27.0
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66570",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-05T18:38:34.729951Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-05T18:40:09.318Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "cpp-httplib",
"vendor": "yhirose",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.27.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.27.0, a vulnerability allows attacker-controlled HTTP headers to influence server-visible metadata, logging, and authorization decisions. An attacker can inject headers named REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_PORT, LOCAL_ADDR, LOCAL_PORT that are parsed into the request header multimap via read_headers() in httplib.h (headers.emplace), then the server later appends its own internal metadata using the same header names in Server::process_request without erasing duplicates. Because Request::get_header_value returns the first entry for a header key (id == 0) and the client-supplied headers are parsed before server-inserted headers, downstream code that uses these header names may inadvertently use attacker-controlled values. Affected files/locations: cpp-httplib/httplib.h (read_headers, Server::process_request, Request::get_header_value, get_header_value_u64) and cpp-httplib/docker/main.cc (get_client_ip, nginx_access_logger, nginx_error_logger). Attack surface: attacker-controlled HTTP headers in incoming requests flow into the Request.headers multimap and into logging code that reads forwarded headers, enabling IP spoofing, log poisoning, and authorization bypass via header shadowing. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.27.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 10,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-290",
"description": "CWE-290: Authentication Bypass by Spoofing",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-807",
"description": "CWE-807: Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-05T18:19:06.061Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/security/advisories/GHSA-xm2j-vfr9-mg9m",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/security/advisories/GHSA-xm2j-vfr9-mg9m"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/commit/ac9ebb0ee333ce8bf13523f487bdfad9518a2aff",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/commit/ac9ebb0ee333ce8bf13523f487bdfad9518a2aff"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-xm2j-vfr9-mg9m",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "cpp-httplib Untrusted HTTP Header Handling: Internal Header Shadowing (REMOTE*/LOCAL*)"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66570",
"datePublished": "2025-12-05T18:18:02.928Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-04T16:17:35.386Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-05T18:40:09.318Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-66255 (GCVE-0-2025-66255)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-26 00:39 – Updated: 2025-12-03 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php)
Summary
Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php) in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform Missing signature validation allows uploading malicious firmware packages.
The firmware upgrade endpoint in `upgrade_contents.php` accepts arbitrary file uploads without validating file headers, cryptographic signatures, or enforcing .tgz format requirements, allowing malicious firmware injection. This endpoint also subsequently provides ways for arbitrary file uploads and subsequent remote code execution
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.abdulmhsblog.com/posts/webfmvulns/ | exploittechnical-description |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. | Mozart FM Transmitter |
Affected:
30
Affected: 50 Affected: 100 Affected: 300 Affected: 500 Affected: 1000 Affected: 2000 Affected: 3000 Affected: 3500 Affected: 6000 Affected: 7000 |
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66255",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-03T15:59:55.831677Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-03T16:00:07.473Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://www.abdulmhsblog.com/posts/webfmvulns/"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Mozart FM Transmitter",
"vendor": "DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A.",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "30"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "50"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "100"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "300"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "500"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1000"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2000"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3000"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3500"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6000"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7000"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Abdul Mhanni"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eUnauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php) in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform Missing signature validation allows uploading malicious firmware packages.\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003eThe firmware upgrade endpoint in `upgrade_contents.php` accepts arbitrary file uploads without validating file headers, cryptographic signatures, or enforcing .tgz format requirements, allowing malicious firmware injection. This endpoint also subsequently provides ways for arbitrary file uploads and subsequent remote code execution\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php) in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform Missing signature validation allows uploading malicious firmware packages.\u00a0\nThe firmware upgrade endpoint in `upgrade_contents.php` accepts arbitrary file uploads without validating file headers, cryptographic signatures, or enforcing .tgz format requirements, allowing malicious firmware injection. This endpoint also subsequently provides ways for arbitrary file uploads and subsequent remote code execution"
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-100",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-100"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 9.9,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "CWE-345 Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-26T00:39:56.984Z",
"orgId": "b7efe717-a805-47cf-8e9a-921fca0ce0ce",
"shortName": "Gridware"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://www.abdulmhsblog.com/posts/webfmvulns/"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php)",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.5.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b7efe717-a805-47cf-8e9a-921fca0ce0ce",
"assignerShortName": "Gridware",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66255",
"datePublished": "2025-11-26T00:39:56.984Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-26T00:21:33.791Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-03T16:00:07.473Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-66225 (GCVE-0-2025-66225)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-29 03:05 – Updated: 2025-12-01 15:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OrangeHRM is Vulnerable to Account Takeover Through Unvalidated Username in Password Reset Workflow
Summary
OrangeHRM is a comprehensive human resource management (HRM) system. From version 5.0 to 5.7, the password reset workflow does not enforce that the username submitted in the final reset request matches the account for which the reset process was originally initiated. After obtaining a valid reset link for any account they can receive email for, an attacker can alter the username parameter in the final reset request to target a different user. Because the system accepts the supplied username without verification, the attacker can set a new password for any chosen account, including privileged accounts, resulting in full account takeover. This issue has been patched in version 5.8.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/orangehrm/orangehrm/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66225",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-01T15:09:24.132437Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-01T15:10:18.376Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "orangehrm",
"vendor": "orangehrm",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 5.0, \u003c 5.8"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "OrangeHRM is a comprehensive human resource management (HRM) system. From version 5.0 to 5.7, the password reset workflow does not enforce that the username submitted in the final reset request matches the account for which the reset process was originally initiated. After obtaining a valid reset link for any account they can receive email for, an attacker can alter the username parameter in the final reset request to target a different user. Because the system accepts the supplied username without verification, the attacker can set a new password for any chosen account, including privileged accounts, resulting in full account takeover. This issue has been patched in version 5.8."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-20",
"description": "CWE-20: Improper Input Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-29T03:05:46.498Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/orangehrm/orangehrm/security/advisories/GHSA-5ghw-9775-v263",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/orangehrm/orangehrm/security/advisories/GHSA-5ghw-9775-v263"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-5ghw-9775-v263",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "OrangeHRM is Vulnerable to Account Takeover Through Unvalidated Username in Password Reset Workflow"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66225",
"datePublished": "2025-11-29T03:05:46.498Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-24T23:01:29.679Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-01T15:10:18.376Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-66016 (GCVE-0-2025-66016)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-25 19:48 – Updated: 2025-11-25 20:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CGGMP24 is missing a check in the ZK proof used in CGGMP21
Summary
CGGMP24 is a state-of-art ECDSA TSS protocol that supports 1-round signing (requires 3 preprocessing rounds), identifiable abort, and a key refresh protocol. Prior to version 0.6.3, there is a missing check in the ZK proof that enables an attack in which single malicious signer can reconstruct full private key. This issue has been patched in version 0.6.3, for full mitigation it is recommended to upgrade to cggmp24 version 0.7.0-alpha.2 as it contains more security checks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/LFDT-Lockness/cggmp21/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://www.dfns.co/article/cggmp21-vulnerabiliti… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LFDT-Lockness | cggmp21 |
Affected:
< 0.6.3
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66016",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-11-25T20:52:37.881136Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-25T20:57:34.072Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "cggmp21",
"vendor": "LFDT-Lockness",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.6.3"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CGGMP24 is a state-of-art ECDSA TSS protocol that supports 1-round signing (requires 3 preprocessing rounds), identifiable abort, and a key refresh protocol. Prior to version 0.6.3, there is a missing check in the ZK proof that enables an attack in which single malicious signer can reconstruct full private key. This issue has been patched in version 0.6.3, for full mitigation it is recommended to upgrade to cggmp24 version 0.7.0-alpha.2 as it contains more security checks."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 9.3,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-25T19:48:16.483Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/LFDT-Lockness/cggmp21/security/advisories/GHSA-m95p-425x-x889",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/LFDT-Lockness/cggmp21/security/advisories/GHSA-m95p-425x-x889"
},
{
"name": "https://www.dfns.co/article/cggmp21-vulnerabilities-patched-and-explained",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://www.dfns.co/article/cggmp21-vulnerabilities-patched-and-explained"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-m95p-425x-x889",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "CGGMP24 is missing a check in the ZK proof used in CGGMP21"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66016",
"datePublished": "2025-11-25T19:48:16.483Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-21T01:08:02.612Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-25T20:57:34.072Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing
An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.
CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages
An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.