CWE-295
AllowedImproper Certificate Validation
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
2386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6PXX-R88F-H676
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:01 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:01An exploitable information leak vulnerability exists in the ustream-ssl library of OpenWrt, versions 18.06.4 and 15.05.1. When connecting to a remote server, the server's SSL certificate is checked but no action is taken when the certificate is invalid. An attacker could exploit this behavior by performing a man-in-the-middle attack, providing any certificate, leading to the theft of all the data sent by the client during the first request. After an SSL connection is initialized via _ustream_ssl_init, and after any data (e.g. the client's HTTP request) is written to the stream using ustream_printf, the code eventually enters the function __ustream_ssl_poll, which is used to dispatch the read/write events
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-5101"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-18T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An exploitable information leak vulnerability exists in the ustream-ssl library of OpenWrt, versions 18.06.4 and 15.05.1. When connecting to a remote server, the server\u0027s SSL certificate is checked but no action is taken when the certificate is invalid. An attacker could exploit this behavior by performing a man-in-the-middle attack, providing any certificate, leading to the theft of all the data sent by the client during the first request. After an SSL connection is initialized via _ustream_ssl_init, and after any data (e.g. the client\u0027s HTTP request) is written to the stream using ustream_printf, the code eventually enters the function __ustream_ssl_poll, which is used to dispatch the read/write events",
"id": "GHSA-6pxx-r88f-h676",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:01:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:01:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2019-0893"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6Q48-6C7W-9GW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-20 19:35 – Updated: 2026-10-26 16:02Certifi versions before 2026.10.18 include the emSign ECC Root CA - G3 root certificate in their bundled CA store. Eight eMudhra intermediate CA certificates that chain to this root have compromised private keys and the CA has revoked them.
An attacker with one of the compromised keys can issue valid-looking certificates for any hostname. If the attacker is also on-path, they can intercept or modify TLS traffic from clients that trust the certifi bundle. Examples include requests, urllib3 and pip, and the Python.org macOS installer.
Certifi 2026.10.18 removed all emSign roots from the bundle. Certifi 2026.10.19 restored the emSign roots that are not affected. Upgrade to 2026.10.19 or later, and rebuild container images that vendor certifi.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "certifi"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2019.03.09"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.10.18"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-20T19:35:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Certifi versions before 2026.10.18 include the `emSign ECC Root CA - G3` root certificate in their bundled CA store. Eight eMudhra intermediate CA certificates that chain to this root have compromised private keys and the CA has revoked them. \n\nAn attacker with one of the compromised keys can issue valid-looking certificates for any hostname. If the attacker is also on-path, they can intercept or modify TLS traffic from clients that trust the certifi bundle. Examples include `requests`, `urllib3` and `pip`, and the Python.org macOS installer.\n\nCertifi 2026.10.18 removed all emSign roots from the bundle. Certifi 2026.10.19 restored the emSign roots that are not affected. Upgrade to 2026.10.19 or later, and rebuild container images that vendor certifi.",
"id": "GHSA-6q48-6c7w-9gw2",
"modified": "2026-10-26T16:02:12Z",
"published": "2026-10-20T19:35:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/security/advisories/GHSA-6q48-6c7w-9gw2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.python.org/t/information-for-python-users-regarding-emudhra-emsign-ca-certificate-security-incident/109576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://emudhra.we-have-a-problem.com"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "certifi bundles emSign root CAs with compromised intermediate CA keys"
}
GHSA-6QCX-WMCG-GQPQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04All versions of GitLab CE/EE starting with 12.8 were affected by an issue in the handling of x509 certificates that could be used to spoof author of signed commits.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22218"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-08T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "All versions of GitLab CE/EE starting with 12.8 were affected by an issue in the handling of x509 certificates that could be used to spoof author of signed commits.",
"id": "GHSA-6qcx-wmcg-gqpq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1077019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2021/CVE-2021-22218.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/297665"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6QJ9-M9GC-P7C7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:21 – Updated: 2023-01-27 18:30The ThreatTrack VIPRE Password Vault app through 1.100.1090 for iOS has Missing SSL Certificate Validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14981"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-22T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ThreatTrack VIPRE Password Vault app through 1.100.1090 for iOS has Missing SSL Certificate Validation.",
"id": "GHSA-6qj9-m9gc-p7c7",
"modified": "2023-01-27T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:21:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.info-sec.ca/advisories/Vipre-Password-Vault.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/158323/VIPRE-Password-Vault-1.100.1090-Man-In-The-Middle.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6QP5-C345-G9C7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:26 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:26eM Client before 7.2.33412.0 automatically imported S/MIME certificates and thereby silently replaced existing ones. This allowed a man-in-the-middle attacker to obtain an email-validated S/MIME certificate from a trusted CA and replace the public key of the entity to be impersonated. This enabled the attacker to decipher further communication. The entire attack could be accomplished by sending a single email.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12618"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-08-20T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "eM Client before 7.2.33412.0 automatically imported S/MIME certificates and thereby silently replaced existing ones. This allowed a man-in-the-middle attacker to obtain an email-validated S/MIME certificate from a trusted CA and replace the public key of the entity to be impersonated. This enabled the attacker to decipher further communication. The entire attack could be accomplished by sending a single email.",
"id": "GHSA-6qp5-c345-g9c7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:26:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:26:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12618"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.emclient.com/release-history"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nds.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/media/nds/veroeffentlichungen/2020/08/15/mailto-paper.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6QQ2-F6XC-778X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:35A vulnerability in the Zero Touch Provisioning feature of the Cisco SD-WAN Solution could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data by using an invalid certificate. The vulnerability is due to insufficient certificate validation by the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by supplying a crafted certificate to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to conduct man-in-the-middle attacks to decrypt confidential information on user connections to the affected software.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0434"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-05T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Zero Touch Provisioning feature of the Cisco SD-WAN Solution could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data by using an invalid certificate. The vulnerability is due to insufficient certificate validation by the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by supplying a crafted certificate to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to conduct man-in-the-middle attacks to decrypt confidential information on user connections to the affected software.",
"id": "GHSA-6qq2-f6xc-778x",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:35:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180905-sd-wan-validation"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105294"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6R2W-57P9-F5HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-23 21:30 – Updated: 2024-09-23 21:30The Planet Fitness Workouts iOS and Android mobile apps prior to version 9.8.12 (released on 2024-07-25) fail to properly validate TLS certificates, allowing an attacker with appropriate network access to obtain session tokens and sensitive information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43201"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-23T20:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Planet Fitness Workouts iOS and Android mobile apps prior to version 9.8.12 (released on 2024-07-25) fail to properly validate TLS certificates, allowing an attacker with appropriate network access to obtain session tokens and sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-6r2w-57p9-f5hh",
"modified": "2024-09-23T21:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-09-23T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/planet-fitness-workouts/id399857015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dontvacuum.me/bugs/pf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:L/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6R57-5896-F6F4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 12:31 – Updated: 2025-07-08 12:31A vulnerability has been identified in SICAM TOOLBOX II (All versions < V07.11). During establishment of a https connection to the TLS server of a managed device, the affected application doesn't check the extended key usage attribute of that device's certificate. This could allow an attacker to execute an on-path network (MitM) attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-31853"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T11:15:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SICAM TOOLBOX II (All versions \u003c V07.11). During establishment of a https connection to the TLS server of a managed device, the affected application doesn\u0027t check the extended key usage attribute of that device\u0027s certificate.\nThis could allow an attacker to execute an on-path network (MitM) attack.",
"id": "GHSA-6r57-5896-f6f4",
"modified": "2025-07-08T12:31:01Z",
"published": "2025-07-08T12:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31853"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-183963.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6RCQ-57QM-23Q2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:51 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:51The D-Link NPAPI extension, as used on D-Link DIR-850L REV. A (with firmware through FW114WWb07_h2ab_beta1) and REV. B (with firmware through FW208WWb02) devices, does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-14420"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-13T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The D-Link NPAPI extension, as used on D-Link DIR-850L REV. A (with firmware through FW114WWb07_h2ab_beta1) and REV. B (with firmware through FW208WWb02) devices, does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.",
"id": "GHSA-6rcq-57qm-23q2",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:51:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:51:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14420"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2017-09-08-dlink-850l-mydlink-cloud-0days-vulnerabilities.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6RPM-G6RR-F2WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:54 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:47There is Missing SSL Certificate Validation in the pw3270 terminal emulator before version 5.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15525"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-23T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There is Missing SSL Certificate Validation in the pw3270 terminal emulator before version 5.1.",
"id": "GHSA-6rpm-g6rr-f2wx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:47:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:54:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15525"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://softwarepublico.gov.br/gitlab/pw3270/principal/compare/efa4ab249821ec351ae986683371043b8ca3c2ea...ff2b10fd56cf1fdae862b44bb0610e20e08de427"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/08/26/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/08/26/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.
Mitigation
If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation
An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.