Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-295

Allowed

Improper Certificate Validation

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

1911 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-CXJC-J99F-JQ3W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:45 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:37
VLAI
Details

The Everyday Health Diabetes in Check: Blood Glucose & Carb Tracker app 3.4.2 for iOS does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-5906"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-05-05T07:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Everyday Health Diabetes in Check: Blood Glucose \u0026 Carb Tracker app 3.4.2 for iOS does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.",
  "id": "GHSA-cxjc-j99f-jq3w",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:37:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:45:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5906"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/%40chronic_9612/follow-up-76-popular-apps-confirmed-vulnerable-to-silent-interception-of-tls-protected-data-64185035029f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/@chronic_9612/follow-up-76-popular-apps-confirmed-vulnerable-to-silent-interception-of-tls-protected-data-64185035029f"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CXPC-QVXX-9XPW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:58 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:58
VLAI
Details

SAP Business One Android application, version 1.2, does not verify the certificate properly for HTTPS connection. This allows attacker to do MITM attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-2460"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-09-11T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SAP Business One Android application, version 1.2, does not verify the certificate properly for HTTPS connection. This allows attacker to do MITM attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-cxpc-qvxx-9xpw",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:58:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:58:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-2460"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2682503"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=499356993"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105309"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CXR8-P3G6-983F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:30 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:30
VLAI
Details

On BIG-IP 14.1.0-14.1.0.1, TMM may restart and produce a core file when validating SSL certificates in client SSL or server SSL profiles.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-6592"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-02-26T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "On BIG-IP 14.1.0-14.1.0.1, TMM may restart and produce a core file when validating SSL certificates in client SSL or server SSL profiles.",
  "id": "GHSA-cxr8-p3g6-983f",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:30:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:30:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6592"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K54167061"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107176"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F22Q-2WX9-9QGH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2022-12-13 12:30
VLAI
Details

OpenSSL has internal defaults for a directory tree where it can find a configuration file as well as certificates used for verification in TLS. This directory is most commonly referred to as OPENSSLDIR, and is configurable with the --prefix / --openssldir configuration options. For OpenSSL versions 1.1.0 and 1.1.1, the mingw configuration targets assume that resulting programs and libraries are installed in a Unix-like environment and the default prefix for program installation as well as for OPENSSLDIR should be '/usr/local'. However, mingw programs are Windows programs, and as such, find themselves looking at sub-directories of 'C:/usr/local', which may be world writable, which enables untrusted users to modify OpenSSL's default configuration, insert CA certificates, modify (or even replace) existing engine modules, etc. For OpenSSL 1.0.2, '/usr/local/ssl' is used as default for OPENSSLDIR on all Unix and Windows targets, including Visual C builds. However, some build instructions for the diverse Windows targets on 1.0.2 encourage you to specify your own --prefix. OpenSSL versions 1.1.1, 1.1.0 and 1.0.2 are affected by this issue. Due to the limited scope of affected deployments this has been assessed as low severity and therefore we are not creating new releases at this time. Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.1d (Affected 1.1.1-1.1.1c). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.0l (Affected 1.1.0-1.1.0k). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.0.2t (Affected 1.0.2-1.0.2s).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-1552"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-07-30T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "OpenSSL has internal defaults for a directory tree where it can find a configuration file as well as certificates used for verification in TLS. This directory is most commonly referred to as OPENSSLDIR, and is configurable with the --prefix / --openssldir configuration options. For OpenSSL versions 1.1.0 and 1.1.1, the mingw configuration targets assume that resulting programs and libraries are installed in a Unix-like environment and the default prefix for program installation as well as for OPENSSLDIR should be \u0027/usr/local\u0027. However, mingw programs are Windows programs, and as such, find themselves looking at sub-directories of \u0027C:/usr/local\u0027, which may be world writable, which enables untrusted users to modify OpenSSL\u0027s default configuration, insert CA certificates, modify (or even replace) existing engine modules, etc. For OpenSSL 1.0.2, \u0027/usr/local/ssl\u0027 is used as default for OPENSSLDIR on all Unix and Windows targets, including Visual C builds. However, some build instructions for the diverse Windows targets on 1.0.2 encourage you to specify your own --prefix. OpenSSL versions 1.1.1, 1.1.0 and 1.0.2 are affected by this issue. Due to the limited scope of affected deployments this has been assessed as low severity and therefore we are not creating new releases at this time. Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.1d (Affected 1.1.1-1.1.1c). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.0l (Affected 1.1.0-1.1.0k). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.0.2t (Affected 1.0.2-1.0.2s).",
  "id": "GHSA-f22q-2wx9-9qgh",
  "modified": "2022-12-13T12:30:22Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:51:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1552"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2019-09"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2019-08"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20190730.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/429301"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K94041354?utm_source=f5support\u0026amp;utm_medium=RSS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K94041354"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190823-0006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZBEV5QGDRFUZDMNECFXUSN5FMYOZDE4V"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y3IVFGSERAZLNJCK35TEM2R4726XIH3Z"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EWC42UXL5GHTU5G77VKBF6JYUUNGSHOM"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10365"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=commitdiff;h=e32bc855a81a2d48d215c506bdeb4f598045f7e9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=commitdiff;h=d333ebaf9c77332754a9d5e111e2f53e1de54fdd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=commitdiff;h=b15a19c148384e73338aa7c5b12652138e35ed28"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=commitdiff;h=54aa9d51b09d67e90db443f682cface795f5af9e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-412672.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F248-V4QH-X2R6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-04-20 16:29 – Updated: 2024-09-13 17:43
VLAI
Summary
Improper Certificate Validation in blackduck
Details

Synopsys hub-rest-api-python (aka blackduck on PyPI) version 0.0.25 - 0.0.52 does not validate SSL certificates in certain cases.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "blackduck"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.25"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.53"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-27589"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-19T23:38:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-06T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Synopsys hub-rest-api-python (aka blackduck on PyPI) version 0.0.25 - 0.0.52 does not validate SSL certificates in certain cases.",
  "id": "GHSA-f248-v4qh-x2r6",
  "modified": "2024-09-13T17:43:29Z",
  "published": "2021-04-20T16:29:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27589"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/blackducksoftware/hub-rest-api-python/pull/113"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/blackducksoftware/hub-rest-api-python/commit/0a25777117515b8b4ff287a98f57837a8c6bdbdb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://community.synopsys.com/s/question/0D52H00005JCZAXSA5/announcement-black-duck-defect-identified"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-f248-v4qh-x2r6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/blackducksoftware/hub-rest-api-python"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/blackduck/PYSEC-2020-26.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/blackduck"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.optiv.com/explore-optiv-insights/source-zero/certificate-validation-disabled-black-duck-api-wrapper"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper Certificate Validation in blackduck"
}

GHSA-F28X-WGJX-V8HH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-18 09:31 – Updated: 2024-10-22 18:32
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in the Bitdefender Total Security HTTPS scanning functionality where the product incorrectly checks the site's certificate, which allows an attacker to make MITM SSL connections to an arbitrary site. The product trusts certificates that are issued using the MD5 and SHA1 collision hash functions which allow attackers to create rogue certificates that appear legitimate.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-49567"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-18T08:15:03Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in the Bitdefender Total Security HTTPS scanning functionality where the product incorrectly checks the site\u0027s certificate, which allows an attacker to make MITM SSL connections to an arbitrary site. The product trusts certificates that are issued using the MD5 and SHA1 collision hash functions which allow attackers to create rogue certificates that appear legitimate.",
  "id": "GHSA-f28x-wgjx-v8hh",
  "modified": "2024-10-22T18:32:05Z",
  "published": "2024-10-18T09:31:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49567"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/support/security-advisories/insecure-trust-of-certificates-using-collision-hash-functions-in-bitdefender-total-security-https-scanning-va-11239"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F2F4-79FQ-Q8J8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-12 00:01 – Updated: 2024-11-14 21:31
VLAI
Details

Windows Certificate Spoofing Vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-21836"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-11T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Windows Certificate Spoofing Vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-f2f4-79fq-q8j8",
  "modified": "2024-11-14T21:31:42Z",
  "published": "2022-01-12T00:01:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21836"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-21836"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-21836"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F2GP-JQV6-CMXG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-24 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-29 20:06
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in openCryptoki. The openCryptoki Soft token does not check if an EC key is valid when an EC key is created via C_CreateObject, nor when C_DeriveKey is used with ECDH public data. This may allow a malicious user to extract the private key by performing an invalid curve attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-3798"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-23T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in openCryptoki. The openCryptoki Soft token does not check if an EC key is valid when an EC key is created via C_CreateObject, nor when C_DeriveKey is used with ECDH public data. This may allow a malicious user to extract the private key by performing an invalid curve attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-f2gp-jqv6-cmxg",
  "modified": "2022-08-29T20:06:47Z",
  "published": "2022-08-24T00:00:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3798"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/opencryptoki/opencryptoki/pull/402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/opencryptoki/opencryptoki/commit/4e3b43c3d8844402c04a66b55c6c940f965109f0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2021:3054"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2021-3798"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1990591"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F38F-HQFR-4QJ5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:15
VLAI
Details

The Zoom Client for Meetings for Windows in all versions before 5.3.0 fails to properly validate the certificate information used to sign .msi files when performing an update of the client. This could lead to remote code execution in an elevated privileged context.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-33907"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-27T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Zoom Client for Meetings for Windows in all versions before 5.3.0 fails to properly validate the certificate information used to sign .msi files when performing an update of the client. This could lead to remote code execution in an elevated privileged context.",
  "id": "GHSA-f38f-hqfr-4qj5",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:15:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:15:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33907"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/347.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://explore.zoom.us/en/trust/security/security-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-F3GG-32XV-8J76

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-15 03:32 – Updated: 2026-07-15 03:32
VLAI
Details

An Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value and Improper Certificate Validation in certain ASUS router models allows a remote man-in-the-middle(MITM) user to make the router download and execute arbitrary command via a spoofed server. Refer to the '  Security Update for ASUS Router Firmware  ' section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-13385"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-15T02:18:12Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value and Improper Certificate Validation in certain ASUS router models allows a remote man-in-the-middle(MITM) user to make the router download and execute arbitrary command via a spoofed server.\nRefer to the \u0027\u00a0\nSecurity Update for ASUS Router Firmware\u00a0\u00a0\u0027 section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3gg-32xv-8j76",
  "modified": "2026-07-15T03:32:51Z",
  "published": "2026-07-15T03:32:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13385"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asus.com/security-advisory"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.

Mitigation
Implementation

If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.