CWE-290
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Spoofing
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.
927 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-89PX-WW3J-G2MM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-11-29 17:05 – Updated: 2024-11-19 15:482FA bypass through new device path
Impact
If someone gains access to someone's Wagtail login credentials, they can log into the CMS and bypass the 2FA check by changing the URL. They can then add a new device and gain full access to the CMS.
Patches
This problem has been patched in version 1.3.0.
Workarounds
There is no workaround at the moment.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in github.com/labd/wagtail-2fa * Email us at security@labdigital.nl
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "wagtail-2fa"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-16766"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290",
"CWE-304"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:25:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## 2FA bypass through new device path\n\n### Impact\nIf someone gains access to someone\u0027s Wagtail login credentials, they can log into the CMS and bypass the 2FA check by changing the URL. They can then add a new device and gain full access to the CMS.\n\n### Patches\nThis problem has been patched in version 1.3.0.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere is no workaround at the moment.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [github.com/labd/wagtail-2fa](https://github.com/labd/wagtail-2fa)\n* Email us at [security@labdigital.nl](mailto:security@labdigital.nl)",
"id": "GHSA-89px-ww3j-g2mm",
"modified": "2024-11-19T15:48:33Z",
"published": "2019-11-29T17:05:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/labd/wagtail-2fa/security/advisories/GHSA-89px-ww3j-g2mm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16766"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/labd/wagtail-2fa/commit/13b12995d35b566df08a17257a23863ab6efb0ca"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/labd/wagtail-2fa/commit/a6711b29711729005770ff481b22675b35ff5c81"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/labd/wagtail-2fa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/wagtail-2fa/PYSEC-2019-135.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "2FA bypass in Wagtail through new device path"
}
GHSA-8C59-HR4W-QG69
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 20:17 – Updated: 2026-06-18 20:17Summary
Zalo allowFrom could bind to mutable display names. In affected versions, a Zalo friend or contact with mutable display metadata could match a policy entry through mutable display metadata.
This advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw's trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.
Impact
When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could receive agent responses intended for another Zalo identity. Practical impact depends on the operator's configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.
Patched Versions
The first stable patched version is 2026.5.3.
Mitigations
use stable Zalo identifiers where available and keep friend access restricted until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.5.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.5.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53857"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T20:17:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nZalo allowFrom could bind to mutable display names. In affected versions, a Zalo friend or contact with mutable display metadata could match a policy entry through mutable display metadata.\n\nThis advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw\u0027s trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could receive agent responses intended for another Zalo identity. Practical impact depends on the operator\u0027s configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nThe first stable patched version is `2026.5.3`.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nuse stable Zalo identifiers where available and keep friend access restricted until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.",
"id": "GHSA-8c59-hr4w-qg69",
"modified": "2026-06-18T20:17:50Z",
"published": "2026-06-18T20:17:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-8c59-hr4w-qg69"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53857"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-mutable-display-name-binding-in-zalo-allowfrom-policy"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Zalo allowFrom could bind to mutable display names"
}
GHSA-8FGW-HCMW-FVQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:01 – Updated: 2022-10-14 19:00Insufficient policy enforcement in downloads in Google Chrome prior to 78.0.3904.70 allowed a remote attacker to bypass download restrictions via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13709"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-25T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in downloads in Google Chrome prior to 78.0.3904.70 allowed a remote attacker to bypass download restrictions via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-8fgw-hcmw-fvqp",
"modified": "2022-10-14T19:00:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:01:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13709"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2019/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_22.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1005218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-01/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8G78-HRV2-4QX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31TP-Link TL-WR902AC loginFs Improper Authentication Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of TP-Link TL-WR902AC routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the httpd service, which listens on TCP port 80 by default. The issue results from improper authentication. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose stored credentials, leading to further compromise. Was ZDI-CAN-21529.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-44447"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:16:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "TP-Link TL-WR902AC loginFs Improper Authentication Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of TP-Link TL-WR902AC routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the httpd service, which listens on TCP port 80 by default. The issue results from improper authentication. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose stored credentials, leading to further compromise. Was ZDI-CAN-21529.",
"id": "GHSA-8g78-hrv2-4qx3",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:05Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44447"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1623"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8GC7-MJJC-5VM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-04 15:30 – Updated: 2024-06-04 15:30Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Metagauss RegistrationMagic allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects RegistrationMagic: from n/a through 5.2.5.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51543"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-04T13:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Metagauss RegistrationMagic allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects RegistrationMagic: from n/a through 5.2.5.0.",
"id": "GHSA-8gc7-mjjc-5vm3",
"modified": "2024-06-04T15:30:57Z",
"published": "2024-06-04T15:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51543"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/custom-registration-form-builder-with-submission-manager/wordpress-registrationmagic-plugin-5-2-5-0-ip-limit-bypass-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8GGC-49W3-FH4R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-05 00:29 – Updated: 2024-04-03 23:57Cache Poisoning issue exists in DNS Response Rate Limiting.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-5661"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-05T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cache Poisoning issue exists in DNS Response Rate Limiting.",
"id": "GHSA-8ggc-49w3-fh4r",
"modified": "2024-04-03T23:57:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-05T00:29:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-5661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2013-5661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2013-5661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2013-5661"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8GQJ-226H-GM8R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-06 21:18 – Updated: 2025-05-07 15:34Overview
This vulnerability allows an attacker to impersonate any user during SAML authentication by tampering with a valid SAML response. This can be done by adding attributes to the response.
Am I Affected?
You are affected by this SAML Attribute Smuggling vulnerability if you are using passport-wsfed-saml2 version 4.6.3 or below, specifically under the following conditions:
1. The service provider is using passport-wsfed-saml2,
2. A valid SAML Response signed by the Identity Provider can be obtained
Fix
Upgrade to v4.6.4 or greater.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.6.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "passport-wsfed-saml2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.5"
},
{
"fixed": "4.6.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46573"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-06T21:18:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-06T21:16:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Overview\nThis vulnerability allows an attacker to impersonate any user during SAML authentication by tampering with a valid SAML response. This can be done by adding attributes to the response.\n\n### Am I Affected?\nYou are affected by this SAML Attribute Smuggling vulnerability if you are using `passport-wsfed-saml2` version 4.6.3 or below, specifically under the following conditions:\n1. The service provider is using `passport-wsfed-saml2`, \n2. A valid SAML Response signed by the Identity Provider can be obtained\n\n### Fix\nUpgrade to v4.6.4 or greater.",
"id": "GHSA-8gqj-226h-gm8r",
"modified": "2025-05-07T15:34:30Z",
"published": "2025-05-06T21:18:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/passport-wsfed-saml2/security/advisories/GHSA-8gqj-226h-gm8r"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46573"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/passport-wsfed-saml2/commit/e5cf3cc2a53748207f7a81bfba9195c8efa94181"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/passport-wsfed-saml2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Passport-wsfed-saml2 allows SAML Authentication Bypass via Attribute Smuggling"
}
GHSA-8GXC-83HW-9578
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:18 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:30Multiple products that implement the IP Encapsulation within IP standard (RFC 2003, STD 1) decapsulate and route IP-in-IP traffic without any validation, which could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to route arbitrary traffic via an exposed network interface and lead to spoofing, access control bypass, and other unexpected network behaviors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-02T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple products that implement the IP Encapsulation within IP standard (RFC 2003, STD 1) decapsulate and route IP-in-IP traffic without any validation, which could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to route arbitrary traffic via an exposed network interface and lead to spoofing, access control bypass, and other unexpected network behaviors.",
"id": "GHSA-8gxc-83hw-9578",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:30:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:18:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/636397"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-nxos-ipip-dos-kCT9X4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.digi.com/resources/security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/199397"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/636397"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8JGF-8R3G-HXH8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-14 06:30 – Updated: 2024-10-14 06:30QUIC in HAProxy 3.1.x before 3.1-dev7, 3.0.x before 3.0.5, and 2.9.x before 2.9.11 allows opening a 0-RTT session with a spoofed IP address. This can bypass the IP allow/block list functionality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49214"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-14T04:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "QUIC in HAProxy 3.1.x before 3.1-dev7, 3.0.x before 3.0.5, and 2.9.x before 2.9.11 allows opening a 0-RTT session with a spoofed IP address. This can bypass the IP allow/block list functionality.",
"id": "GHSA-8jgf-8r3g-hxh8",
"modified": "2024-10-14T06:30:43Z",
"published": "2024-10-14T06:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49214"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/haproxy/haproxy/commit/f627b9272bd8ffca6f2f898bfafc6bf0b84b7d46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.haproxy.org/download/2.9/src/CHANGELOG"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.haproxy.org/download/3.0/src/CHANGELOG"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.haproxy.org/download/3.1/src/CHANGELOG"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mail-archive.com/haproxy%40formilux.org/msg45291.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mail-archive.com/haproxy%40formilux.org/msg45314.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mail-archive.com/haproxy%40formilux.org/msg45315.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8M27-GRG5-27VJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 21:36 – Updated: 2026-07-01 21:36NodeBB does not bind the claimed author of an inbound ActivityPub object to the authenticated remote actor. The inbound middleware verifies the HTTP-signature actor and checks the origin of object.id, but never validates that attributedTo corresponds to the sender. In the object mock, attributedTo is used directly as a uid, and actors.assert silently ignores numeric identifiers (filtering them out without re-deriving the uid), so a federated remote actor can set attributedTo to a bare numeric value such as 1 and have the resulting post or private message created with that local uid as author, including the administrator account. This lets a remote attacker forge posts and direct messages attributed to arbitrary local users. Requires the ActivityPub/federation feature to be enabled.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-58593"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-01T20:17:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NodeBB does not bind the claimed author of an inbound ActivityPub object to the authenticated remote actor. The inbound middleware verifies the HTTP-signature actor and checks the origin of object.id, but never validates that attributedTo corresponds to the sender. In the object mock, attributedTo is used directly as a uid, and actors.assert silently ignores numeric identifiers (filtering them out without re-deriving the uid), so a federated remote actor can set attributedTo to a bare numeric value such as 1 and have the resulting post or private message created with that local uid as author, including the administrator account. This lets a remote attacker forge posts and direct messages attributed to arbitrary local users. Requires the ActivityPub/federation feature to be enabled.",
"id": "GHSA-8m27-grg5-27vj",
"modified": "2026-07-01T21:36:20Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T21:36:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NodeBB/NodeBB/blob/v4.13.2/src/activitypub/mocks.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bikini/exploitarium/tree/main/nodebb-activitypub-attributedto-local-uid-spoof-poc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nodebb-activitypub-author-spoofing-via-unvalidated-attributedto-mapped-to-local-user"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness
An adversary utilizes a hash function extension/padding weakness, to modify the parameters passed to the web service requesting authentication by generating their own call in order to generate a legitimate signature hash (as described in the notes), without knowledge of the secret token sometimes provided by the web service.
CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof
An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.
CAPEC-476: Signature Spoofing by Misrepresentation
An attacker exploits a weakness in the parsing or display code of the recipient software to generate a data blob containing a supposedly valid signature, but the signer's identity is falsely represented, which can lead to the attacker manipulating the recipient software or its victim user to perform compromising actions.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-667: Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS)
An adversary disguises the MAC address of their Bluetooth enabled device to one for which there exists an active and trusted connection and authenticates successfully. The adversary can then perform malicious actions on the target Bluetooth device depending on the target’s capabilities.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.