Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5966 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-RPQ2-3P69-P45W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-23 00:00
VLAI
Details

Due to missing authentication check, SAP Business one License service API - version 10.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to send malicious http requests over the network. On successful exploitation, an attacker can break the whole application making it inaccessible.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-28771"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-12T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Due to missing authentication check, SAP Business one License service API - version 10.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to send malicious http requests over the network. On successful exploitation, an attacker can break the whole application making it inaccessible.",
  "id": "GHSA-rpq2-3p69-p45w",
  "modified": "2022-07-23T00:00:21Z",
  "published": "2022-07-13T00:00:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28771"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3157613"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RPRH-2GF9-VFMV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-26 00:03 – Updated: 2022-09-01 00:00
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in Samba. The security vulnerability occurs when KDC and the kpasswd service share a single account and set of keys, allowing them to decrypt each other's tickets. A user who has been requested to change their password, can exploit this flaw to obtain and use tickets to other services.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-2031"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-288"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-25T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in Samba. The security vulnerability occurs when KDC and the kpasswd service share a single account and set of keys, allowing them to decrypt each other\u0027s tickets. A user who has been requested to change their password, can exploit this flaw to obtain and use tickets to other services.",
  "id": "GHSA-rprh-2gf9-vfmv",
  "modified": "2022-09-01T00:00:25Z",
  "published": "2022-08-26T00:03:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2031"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-06"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.samba.org/samba/security/CVE-2022-2031.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RQ2W-6955-5M7C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:01
VLAI
Details

An improper authentication vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP device running Video Station. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to compromise the security of the system. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions of Video Station: Video Station 5.5.9 and later Video Station 5.3.13 and later Video Station 5.1.8 and later

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-44056"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An improper authentication vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP device running Video Station. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to compromise the security of the system. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions of Video Station: Video Station 5.5.9 and later Video Station 5.3.13 and later Video Station 5.1.8 and later",
  "id": "GHSA-rq2w-6955-5m7c",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:01:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-06T00:00:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44056"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-22-14"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RQ35-F9G6-4534

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01
VLAI
Details

CyberArk Identity 21.5.131, when handling an invalid authentication attempt, sometimes reveals whether the username is valid. In certain authentication policy configurations with MFA, the API response length can be used to differentiate between a valid user and an invalid one (aka Username Enumeration). Response differentiation enables attackers to enumerate usernames of valid application users. Attackers can use this information to leverage brute-force and dictionary attacks in order to discover valid account information such as passwords.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-37151"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-01T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "CyberArk Identity 21.5.131, when handling an invalid authentication attempt, sometimes reveals whether the username is valid. In certain authentication policy configurations with MFA, the API response length can be used to differentiate between a valid user and an invalid one (aka Username Enumeration). Response differentiation enables attackers to enumerate usernames of valid application users. Attackers can use this information to leverage brute-force and dictionary attacks in order to discover valid account information such as passwords.",
  "id": "GHSA-rq35-f9g6-4534",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:12:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37151"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cyberark.com/products"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/faq/cve_advisories"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RQ95-XF66-J689

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-31 23:22 – Updated: 2024-01-31 23:22
VLAI
Summary
Improper Authentication in HashiCorp Vault
Details

HashiCorp Vault Enterprise 1.6.0 & 1.6.1 allowed the remove-peer raft operator command to be executed against DR secondaries without authentication. Fixed in 1.6.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/hashicorp/vault"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.6.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-3282"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-31T23:22:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-01T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "HashiCorp Vault Enterprise 1.6.0 \u0026 1.6.1 allowed the `remove-peer` raft operator command to be executed against DR secondaries without authentication. Fixed in 1.6.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-rq95-xf66-j689",
  "modified": "2024-01-31T23:22:08Z",
  "published": "2024-01-31T23:22:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3282"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/vault/commit/09f9068e22f762da123160233518b440e00bdb3b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2021-04-vault-enterprise-s-dr-secondaries-allowed-raft-peer-removal-without-authentication/20337"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202207-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper Authentication in HashiCorp Vault"
}

GHSA-RQC2-5FV7-4VRP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 18:31
VLAI
Details

A flaw has been found in Chia Blockchain 2.1.0. The affected element is the function send_transaction/get_private_key of the component RPC Server Master Passphrase Handler. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack can only be executed locally. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was informed early via email. A separate report via bugbounty was rejected with the reason "This is by design. The user is responsible for host security".

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-3194"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-25T18:23:42Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A flaw has been found in Chia Blockchain 2.1.0. The affected element is the function send_transaction/get_private_key of the component RPC Server Master Passphrase Handler. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack can only be executed locally. The attack\u0027s complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was informed early via email. A separate report via bugbounty was rejected with the reason \"This is by design. The user is responsible for host security\".",
  "id": "GHSA-rqc2-5fv7-4vrp",
  "modified": "2026-02-25T18:31:39Z",
  "published": "2026-02-25T18:31:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3194"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Danimlzg/chia-rpc-auth-bypass.git"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347750"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.347750"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.757201"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RQCR-V8RP-MCVC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:41 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:41
VLAI
Details

The http_negotiate_create_context function in protocol/http/http_negotiate.c in ELinks 0.12 before 0.12pre6, when using HTTP Negotiate or GSS-Negotiate authentication, delegates user credentials through GSSAPI, which allows remote servers to authenticate as the client via the delegated credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-4545"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-01-03T01:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The http_negotiate_create_context function in protocol/http/http_negotiate.c in ELinks 0.12 before 0.12pre6, when using HTTP Negotiate or GSS-Negotiate authentication, delegates user credentials through GSSAPI, which allows remote servers to authenticate as the client via the delegated credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-rqcr-v8rp-mcvc",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T01:41:57Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:41:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-4545"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/80882"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://bugzilla.elinks.cz/show_bug.cgi?id=1124"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://repo.or.cz/w/elinks.git/blobdiff/89056e21fc7ab8e1c2d4e06ec9d0c6d01e70669a..da18694ff7dd0b67dfcb3c417fb0579b1e7d02d7:/src/protocol/http/http_negotiate.c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0250.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51569"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2592"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:075"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/57065"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-RQFW-W5RJ-X59C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-07 12:30 – Updated: 2024-05-07 12:30
VLAI
Details

An incorrect authentication vulnerability has been found in Socomec Net Vision affecting version 7.20. This vulnerability allows an attacker to perform a brute force attack on the application and recover a valid session, because the application uses a five-digit integer value.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-4601"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-07T12:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An incorrect authentication vulnerability has been found in Socomec Net Vision affecting version 7.20. This vulnerability allows an attacker to perform a brute force attack on the application and recover a valid session, because the application uses a five-digit integer value.",
  "id": "GHSA-rqfw-w5rj-x59c",
  "modified": "2024-05-07T12:30:51Z",
  "published": "2024-05-07T12:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4601"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso-sci/multiple-vulnerabilities-socomec-net-vision"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RQGQ-6M99-363C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-11 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33
VLAI
Details

The InstaWP Connect – 1-click WP Staging & Migration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 0.1.0.44. This is due to insufficient verification of the API key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator, if they have access to the username, and to perform a variety of other administrative tasks. NOTE: This vulnerability was partially fixed in 0.1.0.44, but was still exploitable via Cross-Site Request Forgery.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-6397"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-288"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-11T04:15:05Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The InstaWP Connect \u2013 1-click WP Staging \u0026 Migration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 0.1.0.44. This is due to insufficient verification of the API key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator, if they have access to the username, and to perform a variety of other administrative tasks. NOTE: This vulnerability was partially fixed in 0.1.0.44, but was still exploitable via Cross-Site Request Forgery.",
  "id": "GHSA-rqgq-6m99-363c",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:32Z",
  "published": "2024-07-11T06:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/instawp-connect/tags/0.1.0.43/includes/apis/class-instawp-rest-api.php#L256"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/instawp-connect/tags/0.1.0.43/includes/class-instawp-hooks.php#L28"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/instawp-connect/tags/0.1.0.43/includes/class-instawp-hooks.php#L40"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3109305"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3114674"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/963f2485-3afa-4e17-8278-b75415af3915?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RQJF-F44Q-4MVW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:22 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:22
VLAI
Details

The License Measurement servlet in SAP Solution Manager 7.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via unspecified vectors, related to a verb tampering attack and SAP_JTECHS.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-5175"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-07-31T14:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The License Measurement servlet in SAP Solution Manager 7.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via unspecified vectors, related to a verb tampering attack and SAP_JTECHS.",
  "id": "GHSA-rqjf-f44q-4mvw",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T01:22:55Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:22:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-5175"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/94932"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://service.sap.com/sap/support/notes/1778940"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://scn.sap.com/docs/DOC-8218"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2014/Jul/151"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/59548"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.onapsis.com/resources/get.php?resid=adv_onapsis-2014-023"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/68949"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.