CWE-22
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry might have children that would be more appropriate.
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit. Consider children such as CWE-23 (or its descendants) for relative path traversal, or CWE-36 for absolute path traversal.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated techniques can find areas where path traversal weaknesses exist. However, tuning or customization may be required to remove or de-prioritize path-traversal problems that are only exploitable by the product's administrator - or other privileged users - and thus potentially valid behavior or, at worst, a bug instead of a vulnerability.
Effectiveness: High
Manual Static Analysis
Manual white box techniques may be able to provide sufficient code coverage and reduction of false positives if all file access operations can be assessed within limited time constraints.
Effectiveness: High
Automated Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Bytecode Weakness Analysis - including disassembler + source code weakness analysis
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary Weakness Analysis - including disassembler + source code weakness analysis
Effectiveness: High
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: High
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: High
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Effectiveness: High
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: High
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Other
In many programming languages, the injection of a null byte (the 0 or NUL) may allow an attacker to truncate a generated filename to apply to a wider range of files. For example, the product may add ".txt" to any pathname, thus limiting the attacker to text files, but a null injection may effectively remove this restriction.
Relationship
Pathname equivalence can be regarded as a type of canonicalization error.
Relationship
Some pathname equivalence issues are not directly related to directory traversal, rather are used to bypass security-relevant checks for whether a file/directory can be accessed by the attacker (e.g. a trailing "/" on a filename could bypass access rules that don't expect a trailing /, causing a server to provide the file when it normally would not).
Terminology
Like other weaknesses, terminology is often based on the types of manipulations used, instead of the underlying weaknesses. Some people use "directory traversal" only to refer to the injection of ".." and equivalent sequences whose specific meaning is to traverse directories.
Other variants like "absolute pathname" and "drive letter" have the *effect* of directory traversal, but some people may not call it such, since it doesn't involve ".." or equivalent.
Research Gap
Many variants of path traversal attacks are probably under-studied with respect to root cause. CWE-790 and CWE-182 begin to cover part of this gap.
Research Gap
Incomplete diagnosis or reporting of vulnerabilities can make it difficult to know which variant is affected. For example, a researcher might say that "..\" is vulnerable, but not test "../" which may also be vulnerable.
Any combination of directory separators ("/", "\", etc.) and numbers of "." (e.g. "....") can produce unique variants; for example, the "//../" variant is not listed (CVE-2004-0325). See this entry's children and lower-level descendants.
Content history
Identified weakness in Perl demonstrative example
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
Identified weakness in "good code" for Python demonstrative example
Provided a demonstrative example in PHP
updated Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction
Suggested OWASP Top Ten 2004 mapping
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updated Description
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updated Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Detection_Factors, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
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updated Affected_Resources, Causal_Nature, Likelihood_of_Exploit, References, Relationships, Relevant_Properties, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated References, Relationships
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16174 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6J3Q-C3P3-CF29
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-17 06:31 – Updated: 2023-11-22 00:30Directory traversal vulnerability in CubeCart prior to 6.5.3 allows a remote authenticated attacker with an administrative privilege to delete directories and files in the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42428"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-17T05:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Directory traversal vulnerability in CubeCart prior to 6.5.3 allows a remote authenticated attacker with an administrative privilege to delete directories and files in the system.",
"id": "GHSA-6j3q-c3p3-cf29",
"modified": "2023-11-22T00:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-11-17T06:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.cubecart.com/topic/58736-cubecart-653-released-security-update"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN22220399"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6J4C-MGQR-QV76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-02 14:55 – Updated: 2026-09-02 14:55TL;DR
This vulnerability affects all Kirby sites that are deployed in a way that their index root on the server is next to a second directory that is read-accessible to PHP and shares the same name prefix (such as the site with the index root /var/www/site being next to /var/www/site2).
It was possible to create and access thumbnails from media files within such sibling directories that have a valid thumbnail configuration (JSON job file). This can affect staging sites, site backups or other internal sites.
Introduction
A path traversal (also known as directory traversal) vulnerability occurs when untrusted input is used to build a filesystem path without properly confining the result to an intended base directory. By injecting sequences such as ../, an attacker can escape that directory and reach files elsewhere on the server.
Affected components
Kirby's media handler processes requests for files in the media directory that have not been generated yet. It parses the provided path and finds the correct file or asset to generate a thumbnail of. Each thumbnail needs to have a prepared job file (a metadata file with file extension .json) in order to allow the media handler to generate a thumbnail.
The media handler uses filesystem containment checks in several places that are supposed to prevent breakout of the media and index roots of the site.
Impact
In affected releases, the containment checks were incomplete and did not cover the case of a sibling directory next to the containment directory that starts with the same prefix. E.g. a directory site2 passed the containment check of directory site. This allowed attackers to access media files with prepared job files that are stored within such sibling directories of the site's index root, opening the potential for information leaks from sensitive files stored within them, and deleting the job file in the process.
Patches
The problem has been patched in Kirby 4.9.5 and Kirby 5.5.2. Please update to one of these or a later version to fix the vulnerability.
In all of the mentioned releases, we have hardened the containment helpers Kirby\Filesystem\Dir::realpath() and Kirby\Filesystem\F::realpath() to require either an exact match or a DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR boundary, so that a sibling path sharing the same name prefix can no longer pass the check. This prevents access to files outside the index root of the active site. We have also hardened the Asset class to block paths that contain the ../ sequence.
Credits
Thanks to @0x1saac for responsibly reporting the identified issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "getkirby/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.9.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "getkirby/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.5.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-75592"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-02T14:55:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-31T21:17:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### TL;DR\n\nThis vulnerability affects all Kirby sites that are deployed in a way that their `index` root on the server is next to a second directory that is read-accessible to PHP and shares the same name prefix (such as the site with the index root `/var/www/site` being next to `/var/www/site2`).\n\nIt was possible to create and access thumbnails from media files within such sibling directories that have a valid thumbnail configuration (JSON job file). This can affect staging sites, site backups or other internal sites.\n\n----\n\n### Introduction\n\nA path traversal (also known as directory traversal) vulnerability occurs when untrusted input is used to build a filesystem path without properly confining the result to an intended base directory. By injecting sequences such as `../`, an attacker can escape that directory and reach files elsewhere on the server.\n\n### Affected components\n\nKirby\u0027s media handler processes requests for files in the `media` directory that have not been generated yet. It parses the provided path and finds the correct file or asset to generate a thumbnail of. Each thumbnail needs to have a prepared job file (a metadata file with file extension `.json`) in order to allow the media handler to generate a thumbnail.\n\nThe media handler uses filesystem containment checks in several places that are supposed to prevent breakout of the `media` and `index` roots of the site.\n\n### Impact\n\nIn affected releases, the containment checks were incomplete and did not cover the case of a sibling directory next to the containment directory that starts with the same prefix. E.g. a directory `site2` passed the containment check of directory `site`. This allowed attackers to access media files with prepared job files that are stored within such sibling directories of the site\u0027s `index` root, opening the potential for information leaks from sensitive files stored within them, and deleting the job file in the process.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been patched in [Kirby 4.9.5](https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/4.9.5) and [Kirby 5.5.2](https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/5.5.2). Please update to one of these or a [later version](https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases) to fix the vulnerability.\n\nIn all of the mentioned releases, we have hardened the containment helpers `Kirby\\Filesystem\\Dir::realpath()` and `Kirby\\Filesystem\\F::realpath()` to require either an exact match or a `DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR` boundary, so that a sibling path sharing the same name prefix can no longer pass the check. This prevents access to files outside the `index` root of the active site. We have also hardened the `Asset` class to block paths that contain the `../` sequence.\n\n### Credits\n\nThanks to @0x1saac for responsibly reporting the identified issue.",
"id": "GHSA-6j4c-mgqr-qv76",
"modified": "2026-09-02T14:55:23Z",
"published": "2026-09-02T14:55:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/security/advisories/GHSA-6j4c-mgqr-qv76"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-75592"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/commit/2b6fab950bc89d505ea89576bf71c8de614cc3b2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/commit/e0dca5f709adc21b36f5549df2c0619bc59da56c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/4.9.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/5.5.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Kirby: Access to image files outside of the site root via path traversal in the media handling"
}
GHSA-6J6R-X8XQ-R7GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:54 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:54The FilePath::ReferencesParent function in files/file_path.cc in Google Chrome before 29.0.1547.57 on Windows does not properly handle pathname components composed entirely of . (dot) and whitespace characters, which allows remote attackers to conduct directory traversal attacks via a crafted directory name.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-2900"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-08-21T12:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The FilePath::ReferencesParent function in files/file_path.cc in Google Chrome before 29.0.1547.57 on Windows does not properly handle pathname components composed entirely of . (dot) and whitespace characters, which allows remote attackers to conduct directory traversal attacks via a crafted directory name.",
"id": "GHSA-6j6r-x8xq-r7gq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:54:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:54:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2900"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A18381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome?revision=200603\u0026view=revision"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://crbug.com/181617"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2013/08/stable-channel-update.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2013/dsa-2741"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6J76-XRVP-5RHC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-03 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-08 18:31Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Apache Lucene.Net (Lucene.Net.Replicator library).
This issue affects Apache Lucene.Net.Replicator: from 4.8.0-beta00005 before 4.8.0-beta00018.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.8.0-beta00018, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47897"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-03T08:16:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027) vulnerability in Apache Lucene.Net (Lucene.Net.Replicator library).\n\nThis issue affects Apache Lucene.Net.Replicator: from 4.8.0-beta00005 before 4.8.0-beta00018.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 4.8.0-beta00018, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-6j76-xrvp-5rhc",
"modified": "2026-07-08T18:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-07-03T09:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/on1j3zmvgtf8n9fw78z3lyf6dn94p5zc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/07/03/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:X/V:X/RE:L/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6J7V-2G8Q-WX49
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-04 18:30 – Updated: 2025-06-04 18:30A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Unified CCX could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
This vulnerability is due to improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory (path traversal). An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted web request to an affected device, followed by a specific command through an SSH session. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the underlying operating system of an affected device as a low-privilege user. A successful exploit could also allow the attacker to undertake further actions to elevate their privileges to root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20277"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-04T17:15:27Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Unified CCX could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory (path traversal). An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted web request to an affected device, followed by a specific command through an SSH session. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the underlying operating system of an affected device as a low-privilege user. A successful exploit could also allow the attacker to undertake further actions to elevate their privileges to root.",
"id": "GHSA-6j7v-2g8q-wx49",
"modified": "2025-06-04T18:30:58Z",
"published": "2025-06-04T18:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-uccx-multi-UhOTvPGL"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6J7W-22RC-9895
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-25 15:31 – Updated: 2024-06-25 15:31Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Automattic WordPress allows Relative Path Traversal.This issue affects WordPress: from 6.5 through 6.5.4, from 6.4 through 6.4.4, from 6.3 through 6.3.4, from 6.2 through 6.2.5, from 6.1 through 6.1.6, from 6.0 through 6.0.8, from 5.9 through 5.9.9, from 5.8 through 5.8.9, from 5.7 through 5.7.11, from 5.6 through 5.6.13, from 5.5 through 5.5.14, from 5.4 through 5.4.15, from 5.3 through 5.3.17, from 5.2 through 5.2.20, from 5.1 through 5.1.18, from 5.0 through 5.0.21, from 4.9 through 4.9.25, from 4.8 through 4.8.24, from 4.7 through 4.7.28, from 4.6 through 4.6.28, from 4.5 through 4.5.31, from 4.4 through 4.4.32, from 4.3 through 4.3.33, from 4.2 through 4.2.37, from 4.1 through 4.1.40.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32111"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-25T14:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027) vulnerability in Automattic WordPress allows Relative Path Traversal.This issue affects WordPress: from 6.5 through 6.5.4, from 6.4 through 6.4.4, from 6.3 through 6.3.4, from 6.2 through 6.2.5, from 6.1 through 6.1.6, from 6.0 through 6.0.8, from 5.9 through 5.9.9, from 5.8 through 5.8.9, from 5.7 through 5.7.11, from 5.6 through 5.6.13, from 5.5 through 5.5.14, from 5.4 through 5.4.15, from 5.3 through 5.3.17, from 5.2 through 5.2.20, from 5.1 through 5.1.18, from 5.0 through 5.0.21, from 4.9 through 4.9.25, from 4.8 through 4.8.24, from 4.7 through 4.7.28, from 4.6 through 4.6.28, from 4.5 through 4.5.31, from 4.4 through 4.4.32, from 4.3 through 4.3.33, from 4.2 through 4.2.37, from 4.1 through 4.1.40.",
"id": "GHSA-6j7w-22rc-9895",
"modified": "2024-06-25T15:31:08Z",
"published": "2024-06-25T15:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wordpress/wordpress-core-6-5-5-contributor-arbitrary-html-file-read-windows-only-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/news/2024/06/wordpress-6-5-5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6J87-VF5H-VJ72
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-08 09:30A vulnerability has been identified in Siemens SINEC Security Monitor (All versions < V4.9.0). The affected application does not properly validate a file path that is supplied to an endpoint intended to create CSR files. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to create files in writable directories outside the intended location and thus compromise integrity of files in those writable directories.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47563"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T09:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Siemens SINEC Security Monitor (All versions \u003c V4.9.0). The affected application does not properly validate a file path that is supplied to an endpoint intended to create CSR files.\nThis could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to create files in writable directories outside the intended location and thus compromise integrity of files in those writable directories.",
"id": "GHSA-6j87-vf5h-vj72",
"modified": "2024-10-08T09:30:54Z",
"published": "2024-10-08T09:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-430425.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6J8C-92PR-49VP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:18 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:18Multiple directory traversal vulnerabilities in Phpkobo Short URL 1.01, when magic_quotes_gpc is disabled, allow remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via directory traversal sequences in the LANG_CODE parameter to (1) url/app/common.inc.php and (2) codelib/cfg/common.inc.php. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-1061"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-03-23T17:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple directory traversal vulnerabilities in Phpkobo Short URL 1.01, when magic_quotes_gpc is disabled, allow remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via directory traversal sequences in the LANG_CODE parameter to (1) url/app/common.inc.php and (2) codelib/cfg/common.inc.php. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-6j8c-92pr-49vp",
"modified": "2022-05-02T06:18:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T06:18:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-1061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/38968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/38731"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6J8F-88MH-R9VQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-25 21:31 – Updated: 2024-10-31 19:31Funadmin v5.0.2 has an arbitrary file read vulnerability in /curd/index/editfile.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "funadmin/funadmin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "5.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-48224"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-89"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-25T21:47:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-25T21:15:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Funadmin v5.0.2 has an arbitrary file read vulnerability in `/curd/index/editfile`.",
"id": "GHSA-6j8f-88mh-r9vq",
"modified": "2024-10-31T19:31:53Z",
"published": "2024-10-25T21:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48224"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/funadmin/funadmin/issues/24"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/funadmin/funadmin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "SQL injection in funadmin"
}
GHSA-6J8J-XRRF-PX36
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-06 18:30 – Updated: 2026-08-06 18:30A security vulnerability has been detected in NocteDefensor LudusMCP up to 1.0.24. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file src/tools/ludusEnvironmentGuidesSearch.ts of the component ludus_environment_guides_search. Such manipulation of the argument guide_name leads to path traversal. Local access is required to approach this attack. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-19046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-06T16:16:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in NocteDefensor LudusMCP up to 1.0.24. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file src/tools/ludusEnvironmentGuidesSearch.ts of the component ludus_environment_guides_search. Such manipulation of the argument guide_name leads to path traversal. Local access is required to approach this attack. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-6j8j-xrrf-px36",
"modified": "2026-08-06T18:30:48Z",
"published": "2026-08-06T18:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-19046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NocteDefensor/LudusMCP/issues/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gongyanyugyy/public_exp/issues/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NocteDefensor/LudusMCP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-19046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/863834"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/386493"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/386493/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.