Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
14117 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-77814 (GCVE-0-2026-77814)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 15:03 – Updated: 2026-08-21 17:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Infinite Image Browsing is_path_trusted Prefix Comparison Omits the Trailing Path Separator
Summary
is_path_trusted in scripts/iib/api.py compares the requested path against each allowed parent directory with path.startswith(parent_path), without appending a path separator. A directory whose name merely begins with an allowed path therefore satisfies the comparison, so where /data/images is allowed a request for /data/images_private/secret.txt is treated as trusted and served by FileResponse, disclosing files the confinement was meant to exclude. Whether the check applies depends on get_enable_access_control in scripts/iib/tool.py: it returns true when IIB_ACCESS_CONTROL is set to enable, false when set to disable, and otherwise true when the host Stable Diffusion WebUI was started with share, ngrok, listen or server_name, falling back to false. Confinement is therefore active in the network-exposed WebUI deployments that rely on it, while a standalone run with no such option serves every readable file regardless of this flaw. The fix compares against parent_path joined with os.sep.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 17:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zanllp/infinite-image-browsing… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/zanllp/infinite-image-browsing… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/zanllp/infinite-image-browsing… | patch |
| https://github.com/zanllp/infinite-image-browsing… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/zanllp/infinite-image-browsing | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/infinite-ima… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zanllp | infinite-image-browsing |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.8.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:zanllp:sd-webui-infinite_image_browsing:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-08-21 00:00
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CVE-2026-77763 (GCVE-0-2026-77763)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 11:05 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JuiceFS Local Filestore Backend Joins Object Keys onto the Storage Root Without a Containment Check, Allowing Writes Outside the Configured Directory
Summary
The filestore backend in pkg/object/file.go, used for file:// stores and as a common juicefs sync destination, derived every operation's target from path(key), which returned either filepath.Join(d.root, key) or filepath.Clean(d.root + key) with no check that the result stayed beneath the root. Put, Get, Head, Delete, Chmod, Chown, Symlink and Readlink all consumed that value directly. Object keys enumerated from a source object store during a sync are not constrained the way local filesystem names are, so a key containing traversal segments causes juicefs to write attacker-supplied content to a path outside the intended local destination, and no error is returned. An operator syncing from a bucket whose contents they do not fully control, such as a shared or public bucket or one an attacker can write to, is therefore exposed to a file write at an attacker-influenced location. The fix changes path() to return an error and rejects any key whose resolved path escapes the root.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 21:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/juicedata/juicefs/issues/7401 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/juicedata/juicefs/commit/0bcd7… | patch |
| https://github.com/juicedata/juicefs/pull/7425 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/juicedata/juicefs/blob/v1.4.1/… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/juicedata/juicefs | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/juicefs-loca… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-15 00:00
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CVE-2026-77751 (GCVE-0-2026-77751)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 09:48 – Updated: 2026-08-25 19:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Path Traversal in MISP Object Template Resolution During STIX Import and Export in misp-stix library
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability existed in the handling of MISP object template names during STIX 2 import and MISP-to-STIX 2 export.
MISP object names are passed to PyMISP's object-template resolution mechanism, which constructs a filesystem path by joining the configured MISP object-template directory, the object name, and definition.json. An object name originating from untrusted STIX or MISP content was not sufficiently restricted before being used in this filesystem path.
An attacker able to supply a crafted object name containing path separators or traversal sequences such as ../ could therefore cause template resolution to escape the expected template directory and attempt to load a definition.json file from another location accessible to the process.
During STIX 2 import, an attacker-controlled x_misp_name from a custom STIX object could directly reach this template-resolution mechanism.
The issue could also become persistent. A malicious object name stored in a MISP event could later be processed again during STIX 2 export. Consequently, content originally introduced in one security context could trigger filesystem access later when the event is exported by a process operating with different or greater privileges.
If a suitable definition.json file exists outside the intended template directory, its contents may be interpreted as a MISP object template and fields from that file copied into the converted object. This can result in unintended disclosure of locally accessible data represented by the template file and modification of the resulting object's metadata or semantics.
The patches introduce strict validation of object-template names. Valid names are restricted to a single path component containing letters, digits, hyphens, or underscores. Names that do not meet these requirements are replaced with the generic unknown-template name before reaching PyMISP template resolution. The original rejected name is preserved in the object's comment and a warning is generated, preventing traversal while retaining the source information.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 19:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
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CVE-2026-77139 (GCVE-0-2026-77139)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 09:00 – Updated: 2026-08-25 14:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Path Traversal in extension "Mask" (mask)
Summary
The extension fails to validate a client-supplied template element key before using it to build file paths for saving and deleting Mask template files. An authenticated backend user with access to the Mask module can supply a key containing path traversal sequences to create or delete .html files outside the configured template directory.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 14:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-ext-sa-… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TYPO3 | Extension "Mask" |
Affected:
9.0.0 , < 9.0.11
(semver)
Affected: 0 , < 8.3.12 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-08-25 09:00
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CVE-2026-77086 (GCVE-0-2026-77086)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 11:05 – Updated: 2026-08-21 11:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SiYuan before v3.7.4 Path Traversal via packageName
Summary
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Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 11:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
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|---|---|
| https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/security/ad… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/siyuan-befor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| siyuan-note | siyuan |
Affected:
0 , < 3.7.4
(semver)
Unaffected: 3.7.4 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-08-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-77068 (GCVE-0-2026-77068)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 11:21 – Updated: 2026-08-25 14:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n before 2.34.1 Remote Code Execution via Path Traversal
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 14:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-r… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-05 00:00
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CVE-2026-76844 (GCVE-0-2026-76844)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-24 13:12 – Updated: 2026-08-26 18:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
webpack-dev-middleware Path Traversal via Offset Slice on a Non-Slash-Terminated publicPath
Summary
webpack-dev-middleware resolves a request to a local file in getFilenameFromUrl by testing the request pathname against a traversal guard and then slicing it at a fixed character offset. The guard, UP_PATH_REGEXP applied to path.normalize(`./${pathname}`), only matches ".." that stands as a whole path segment, while the containment test is the string comparison pathname.startsWith(publicPathPathname) and the file path is built as path.join(outputPath, pathname.slice(publicPathPathname.length)). When the configured publicPath has no trailing slash, a request such as GET /assets../.env against publicPath /assets yields the pathname /assets../.env, whose only dot-dot sits inside the segment "assets.." and so passes the guard, but the offset slice cuts within that segment and hands "../.env" to path.join, resolving one directory above outputPath. Reading a file from that path requires the middleware to be backed by the physical filesystem, which happens when writeToDisk is true or a custom outputFileSystem is supplied, since the default memfs volume holds only build output. Traversal depth is limited to a single directory because a separately delimited dot-dot segment is collapsed during URL parsing before the guard runs. The default publicPath value of "auto" resolves to "/" and is not affected. This is an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-29180: the guard and offset slice were introduced by that fix and are present in every release from 5.3.4, 6.1.2 and 7.1.0 onward.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 18:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-middleware | product |
| https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-middleware… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-wr3j-pwj9-hqq6 | related |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/webpack-dev-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| webpack | webpack-dev-middleware |
Affected:
5.3.4 , ≤ 5.3.4
(semver)
Affected: 6.1.2 , ≤ 6.1.3 (semver) Affected: 7.1.0 , ≤ 7.4.5 (semver) Affected: 8.0.0 , ≤ 8.1.1 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:webpack.js:webpack-dev-middleware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:webpack.js:webpack-dev-middleware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:webpack.js:webpack-dev-middleware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:webpack.js:webpack-dev-middleware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-08-20 00:00
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CVE-2026-76842 (GCVE-0-2026-76842)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-24 13:11 – Updated: 2026-08-29 11:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Mercado Pago Node.js SDK through 3.4.0 Path Injection via Unencoded Identifiers in Payment Clients
Summary
The Mercado Pago Node.js SDK interpolates caller-supplied identifiers into API request paths without percent-encoding them, so characters that are structural in a URL survive into the outgoing request. The payment (get, capture, cancel), paymentRefund (create, total, list, get), advancedPayment (get, capture, cancel, update, updateReleaseDate) and disbursementRefund (create, createAll, listAll) clients build their path as a template literal, for example RestClient.fetch(`/v1/payments/${id}`, ...) in src/clients/payment/get/index.ts. A dot-dot or slash sequence in the identifier is normalised by the WHATWG URL parser and redirects the request to a different endpoint, and a question mark appends attacker-chosen query parameters, in both cases carrying the merchant's own access token. An application that forwards an identifier influenced by an untrusted party into one of these methods without an ownership check therefore allows that party to reach other resources within the merchant's token scope. The repository already contains the intended helper, encodePathParam in src/utils/path.ts, which pull request 451 applied to roughly 29 other clients while leaving these unchanged.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-24 17:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mercadopago/sdk-nodejs | product |
| https://github.com/mercadopago/sdk-nodejs/blob/3.… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/mercadopago/sdk-nodejs/pull/451 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mercado-pago… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mercadopago | mercadopago |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.4.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-08-03 00:00
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CVE-2026-76832 (GCVE-0-2026-76832)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 21:58 – Updated: 2026-08-20 15:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Agno PythonTools Path Traversal via joinpath file_name argument
Summary
Agno's PythonTools in libs/agno/agno/tools/python.py contains a path traversal vulnerability that allows attackers to read, write, or execute arbitrary files by supplying parent-directory traversal sequences in the file_name argument passed to read_file, save_to_file, or run_python_file tool actions. Attackers can inject traversal sequences such as '../../../../../../etc/passwd' through direct tool invocation or via prompt injection embedded in agent-processed content to escape the intended base_dir boundary and achieve arbitrary file read, arbitrary file write, or arbitrary Python code execution within the process user's authority.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 13:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/agno-agi/agno | product |
| https://github.com/agno-agi/agno/commit/710d7e7f8… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/agno-pythont… | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2026-08-19 00:00
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CVE-2026-76639 (GCVE-0-2026-76639)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 17:51 – Updated: 2026-08-31 18:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unitree G1 EDU 1.5.2 Unauthenticated RCE via DDS Bridge and Path Traversal
Summary
Unitree G1 EDU firmware through 1.5.2 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root by chaining three weaknesses: an unauthenticated WebRTC-to-DDS bridge on TCP port 9991, a static AES-128 key stored with world-readable permissions, and a path traversal flaw in the chat_go knowledge upload API. Attackers can publish DDS control messages to restart the bashrunner service, plant a malicious payload in its script execution directory via path traversal, and trigger execution of that payload as uid 0 through the bashrunner shell subprocess.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 16:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://boschko.ca/g1-ble-rce/ | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://github.com/OlivierLaflamme/UniBLEed | exploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/unitree-g1-e… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unitree Robotics | G1 EDU |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.2
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-08-27 00:00
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.