CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
13244 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P2H9-63JC-GJ67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-11 12:30 – Updated: 2025-02-25 21:31In affected versions of Octopus Deploy it was possible to upload files to unexpected locations on the host using an API endpoint. The field lacked validation which could potentially result in ways to circumvent expected workflows.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-0526"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T11:15:15Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "In affected versions of Octopus Deploy it was possible to upload files to unexpected locations on the host using an API endpoint. The field lacked validation which could potentially result in ways to circumvent expected workflows.",
"id": "GHSA-p2h9-63jc-gj67",
"modified": "2025-02-25T21:31:28Z",
"published": "2025-02-11T12:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0526"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisories.octopus.com/post/2024/sa2025-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisories.octopus.com/post/2025/sa2025-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2J4-C4G6-RPF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-08 23:51 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:51Summary
Arc's user-SQL validator (internal/api/query.go:ValidateSQLRequest) blocked only read_parquet( and arc_partition_agg( via regex denylist. The broader DuckDB I/O function family — read_csv_auto, read_csv, read_json, read_json_auto, read_text, read_blob, glob, parquet_metadata, parquet_schema, read_xlsx, etc. — was not blocked. RBAC table-reference extraction inspected only FROM/JOIN clauses, so scalar table functions in the SELECT list slipped past both layers.
Impact
Any authenticated user, including a token with permissions: [], can read arbitrary local files via:
POST /api/v1/query
Authorization: Bearer <token>
{"sql": "SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('/etc/passwd', header=false, columns={'l':'VARCHAR'}) LIMIT 5"}
Confirmed reachable targets:
auth.db— bcrypt hashes for every API token, plus legacy SHA-256 rows.arc.toml— S3 secrets, TLS keys./proc/self/environ— environment-variable secrets.- Cross-tenant Parquet files — bypasses RBAC because the tenant scope is enforced at the table layer, not on raw file paths.
- SSRF when
httpfsis loaded (any S3-backed deployment) —read_csv_auto('http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/...')reaches instance metadata IPs.
Patches
Fixed in 2026.06.1 (PR #442) via a structural sandbox at the DuckDB layer:
SET GLOBAL allowed_directories = [...]enumerates Arc's legitimate filesystem prefixes (storage roots + tier prefixes + import upload dir + compaction temp).SET GLOBAL enable_external_access = false(one-way at runtime).- Verified by reading back the flag.
After lockdown, DuckDB refuses to open any file outside the allowlist and refuses further INSTALL/LOAD. Already-loaded extensions remain callable.
Workarounds
- Restrict API access to known-trusted networks via firewall rules.
- Temporary mitigation: add
read_csv*/read_json*/globetc. todangerousSQLPatternininternal/api/query.gopending 2026.06.1.
Credits
Reported by Alex Manson (@NeuroWinter, https://neurowinter.com/) on 2026-05-19.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/basekick-labs/arc"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.0-20260520141557-91bdc29d1a02"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47735"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-22",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T23:51:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nArc\u0027s user-SQL validator (`internal/api/query.go:ValidateSQLRequest`) blocked only `read_parquet(` and `arc_partition_agg(` via regex denylist. The broader DuckDB I/O function family \u2014 `read_csv_auto`, `read_csv`, `read_json`, `read_json_auto`, `read_text`, `read_blob`, `glob`, `parquet_metadata`, `parquet_schema`, `read_xlsx`, etc. \u2014 was not blocked. RBAC table-reference extraction inspected only `FROM`/`JOIN` clauses, so scalar table functions in the `SELECT` list slipped past both layers.\n\n### Impact\n\nAny authenticated user, including a token with `permissions: []`, can read arbitrary local files via:\n\n```\nPOST /api/v1/query\nAuthorization: Bearer \u003ctoken\u003e\n{\"sql\": \"SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto(\u0027/etc/passwd\u0027, header=false, columns={\u0027l\u0027:\u0027VARCHAR\u0027}) LIMIT 5\"}\n```\n\nConfirmed reachable targets:\n\n- `auth.db` \u2014 bcrypt hashes for every API token, plus legacy SHA-256 rows.\n- `arc.toml` \u2014 S3 secrets, TLS keys.\n- `/proc/self/environ` \u2014 environment-variable secrets.\n- Cross-tenant Parquet files \u2014 bypasses RBAC because the tenant scope is enforced at the table layer, not on raw file paths.\n- SSRF when `httpfs` is loaded (any S3-backed deployment) \u2014 `read_csv_auto(\u0027http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/...\u0027)` reaches instance metadata IPs.\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in 2026.06.1 (PR #442) via a structural sandbox at the DuckDB layer:\n\n1. `SET GLOBAL allowed_directories = [...]` enumerates Arc\u0027s legitimate filesystem prefixes (storage roots + tier prefixes + import upload dir + compaction temp).\n2. `SET GLOBAL enable_external_access = false` (one-way at runtime).\n3. Verified by reading back the flag.\n\nAfter lockdown, DuckDB refuses to open any file outside the allowlist and refuses further `INSTALL`/`LOAD`. Already-loaded extensions remain callable.\n\n### Workarounds\n\n- Restrict API access to known-trusted networks via firewall rules.\n- Temporary mitigation: add `read_csv*`/`read_json*`/`glob` etc. to `dangerousSQLPattern` in `internal/api/query.go` pending 2026.06.1.\n\n### Credits\n\nReported by Alex Manson ([@NeuroWinter](https://github.com/NeuroWinter), https://neurowinter.com/) on 2026-05-19.",
"id": "GHSA-p2j4-c4g6-rpf5",
"modified": "2026-06-08T23:51:19Z",
"published": "2026-06-08T23:51:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/security/advisories/GHSA-p2j4-c4g6-rpf5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/pull/442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc/commit/91bdc29d1a02178ccf8c66375eccf85203108dfb"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Basekick-Labs/arc"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Arc has an authenticated arbitrary local-file read via DuckDB I/O functions that bypasses RBAC table-level checks"
}
GHSA-P2JW-4XQ4-W7VC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-11 21:31A parsing issue in the handling of directory paths was addressed with improved path validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.4. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24268"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-11T19:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A parsing issue in the handling of directory paths was addressed with improved path validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.4. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.",
"id": "GHSA-p2jw-4xq4-w7vc",
"modified": "2026-06-11T21:31:54Z",
"published": "2026-06-11T21:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2M3-5WHJ-8VXQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-29 21:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:37Directory Traversal vulnerability in NEXSYS-ONE before v.Rev.15320 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-31801"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-29T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Directory Traversal vulnerability in NEXSYS-ONE before v.Rev.15320 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-p2m3-5whj-8vxq",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:37:30Z",
"published": "2024-04-29T21:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31801"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dishdev.nexsysone.com/nexsysonev3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/hamoshwani/6e207aa4ea513438cd75b97c1fc8abfe"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nexsysone.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2Q3-5J3P-7X5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-17 00:00The dainst/cilantro repository through 0.0.4 on GitHub allows absolute path traversal because the Flask send_file function is used unsafely.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-11T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The dainst/cilantro repository through 0.0.4 on GitHub allows absolute path traversal because the Flask send_file function is used unsafely.",
"id": "GHSA-p2q3-5j3p-7x5r",
"modified": "2022-07-17T00:00:44Z",
"published": "2022-07-12T00:00:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/github/securitylab/issues/669#issuecomment-1117265726"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2QH-598H-6M3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-08-03 00:00There are multiple unauthenticated directory traversal vulnerabilities in different FTP commands in uftpd FTP server versions 2.7 to 2.10 due to improper implementation of a chroot jail in common.c's compose_abspath function that can be abused to read or write to arbitrary files on the filesystem, leak process memory, or potentially lead to remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-20277"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-18T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "There are multiple unauthenticated directory traversal vulnerabilities in different FTP commands in uftpd FTP server versions 2.7 to 2.10 due to improper implementation of a chroot jail in common.c\u0027s compose_abspath function that can be abused to read or write to arbitrary files on the filesystem, leak process memory, or potentially lead to remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-p2qh-598h-6m3x",
"modified": "2022-08-03T00:00:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-20277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/troglobit/uftpd/commit/455b47d3756aed162d2d0ef7f40b549f3b5b30fe"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://arinerron.com/blog/posts/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167908/uftpd-2.10-Directory-Traversal.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2R2-H92R-W2MG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-01 18:11 – Updated: 2023-09-05 22:46Affected versions of mfrserver resolve relative file paths, resulting in a directory traversal vulnerability. A malicious actor can use this vulnerability to access files outside of the intended directory root, which may result in the disclosure of private files on the vulnerable system.
Example request:
GET /../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
host:foo
Recommendation
No patch is available for this vulnerability.
It is recommended that the package is only used for local development, and if the functionality is needed for production, a different package is used instead.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "mfrserver"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16213"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:22:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Affected versions of `mfrserver` resolve relative file paths, resulting in a directory traversal vulnerability. A malicious actor can use this vulnerability to access files outside of the intended directory root, which may result in the disclosure of private files on the vulnerable system.\n\n**Example request:**\n```http\nGET /../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1\nhost:foo\n```\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nNo patch is available for this vulnerability.\n\nIt is recommended that the package is only used for local development, and if the functionality is needed for production, a different package is used instead.",
"id": "GHSA-p2r2-h92r-w2mg",
"modified": "2023-09-05T22:46:22Z",
"published": "2020-09-01T18:11:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JacksonGL/NPM-Vuln-PoC/blob/master/directory-traversal/mfrserver"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/421"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Directory Traversal in mfrserver"
}
GHSA-P2RF-WPXJ-MX2G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-29 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-06 22:45Jenkins Credentials Binding Plugin versions 719.v80e905ef14eb_ and earlier do not sanitize file names for file and zip file credentials.
This allows attackers able to provide credentials to a job to write files to arbitrary locations on the node filesystem. If Jenkins is configured to allow a low-privileged user to configure file or zip file credentials used for a job running on the built-in node, this can lead to remote code execution.
Credentials Binding Plugin 720.v3f6decef43ea_ sanitizes the file name provided for file and zip file credentials, preventing path traversal.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:credentials-binding"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "720.v3f6decef43ea"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-06T22:45:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-29T14:16:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins Credentials Binding Plugin versions 719.v80e905ef14eb_ and earlier do not sanitize file names for file and zip file credentials.\n\nThis allows attackers able to provide credentials to a job to write files to arbitrary locations on the node filesystem. If Jenkins is configured to allow a low-privileged user to configure file or zip file credentials used for a job running on the built-in node, this can lead to remote code execution.\n\nCredentials Binding Plugin 720.v3f6decef43ea_ sanitizes the file name provided for file and zip file credentials, preventing path traversal.",
"id": "GHSA-p2rf-wpxj-mx2g",
"modified": "2026-05-06T22:45:55Z",
"published": "2026-04-29T15:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42520"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/credentials-binding-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2026-04-29/#SECURITY-3672"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Credentials Binding Plugin has a path traversal vulnerability"
}
GHSA-P2W7-GCFJ-5P55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:59 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:59Absolute path traversal vulnerability in GNU Wget before 1.16, when recursion is enabled, allows remote FTP servers to write to arbitrary files, and consequently execute arbitrary code, via a LIST response that references the same filename within two entries, one of which indicates that the filename is for a symlink.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-4877"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-29T10:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Absolute path traversal vulnerability in GNU Wget before 1.16, when recursion is enabled, allows remote FTP servers to write to arbitrary files, and consequently execute arbitrary code, via a LIST response that references the same filename within two entries, one of which indicates that the filename is for a symlink.",
"id": "GHSA-p2w7-gcfj-5p55",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:59:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:59:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-4877"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/4088"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1139181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.rapid7.com/community/metasploit/blog/2014/10/28/r7-2014-15-gnu-wget-ftp-symlink-arbitrary-filesystem-access"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05376917"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05390722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://advisories.mageia.org/MGASA-2014-0431.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/wget.git/commit/?id=18b0979357ed7dc4e11d4f2b1d7e0f5932d82aa7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/wget.git/commit/?id=b4440d96cf8173d68ecaa07c36b8f4316ee794d0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-wget/2014-10/msg00150.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2014-11/msg00004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2014-11/msg00009.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2014-11/msg00026.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1764.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1955.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201411-05.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2014/dsa-3062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/685996"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2015:121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/bulletinjan2015-2370101.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/70751"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2393-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P2XW-7RHR-FGRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-22 21:30A weakness has been identified in SeriaWei ZKEACMS up to 4.3. This issue affects the function Download of the file EventViewerController.cs. Executing manipulation of the argument ID can lead to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10766"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-21T07:15:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in SeriaWei ZKEACMS up to 4.3. This issue affects the function Download of the file EventViewerController.cs. Executing manipulation of the argument ID can lead to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-p2xw-7rhr-fgrm",
"modified": "2025-09-22T21:30:19Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10766"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/August829/YU1/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.325121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.650445"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.