Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1336
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
398 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-13051 (GCVE-0-2026-13051)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 16:28 – Updated: 2026-08-14 17:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Form::Processor::Field::HtmlArea versions from 0.06 through 1.162360 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion via an HTML::Tidy diagnostic that validate passes to add_error as a Locale::Maketext template
Summary
Form::Processor::Field::HtmlArea versions from 0.06 through 1.162360 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion via an HTML::Tidy diagnostic that validate passes to add_error as a Locale::Maketext template.
validate runs HTML::Tidy over the submitted markup and passes each resulting message to add_error as its first argument, which add_error hands to the language handle as the Locale::Maketext message key. The default handle's lexicon sets `_AUTO`, so a message that is not a lexicon entry is compiled as a bracket notation template instead of being looked up. Tidy diagnostics quote the offending attribute name or value, so a bracket group in the submitted markup reaches the template position, where the first token of the group names a method called on the language handle and the remaining tokens are its arguments. A group such as `[0]` makes the compile croak, and neither the field nor the handle catches it, so the exception leaves validate. `[sprintf,%2000000000d,7]` reaches CORE::sprintf with an attacker chosen field width.
One submission of crafted markup to an HtmlArea field throws an unhandled exception out of form validation or allocates an arbitrary amount of memory, and an application whose language handle subclass defines side effecting public methods makes those callable with attacker chosen arguments. The other field types pass fixed templates with the submitted value in an argument slot, where it stays inert, and are unaffected.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 17:46 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
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CVE-2026-11407 (GCVE-0-2026-11407)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 20:07 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pimcore CMS 12.3.8 Twig Sandbox Bypass via SecurityPolicy checkMethodAllowed
Summary
Pimcore CMS/DXP version 12.3.8 contains a sandbox bypass vulnerability that allows authenticated administrative attackers to execute arbitrary methods on PHP objects by exploiting empty checkMethodAllowed() and checkPropertyAllowed() implementations in the custom Twig SecurityPolicy. Attackers can supply malicious Twig templates through the DataObject ClassDefinition Layout\Text component to perform arbitrary file reads, execute arbitrary database queries, and potentially achieve remote code execution via PHP object gadget chains, with the pimcore_* function wildcard further broadening the bypass to all Pimcore Twig functions.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-18 12:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/pull/19193 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/commit/fffa7f6… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/pimcore-cms-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pimcore GmbH | Pimcore CMS/DXP |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 12.3.8
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Unaffected: fffa7f6396329e88610db70a8652529bbc734892 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:pimcore:pimcore:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-06-17 20:00
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CVE-2026-9558 (GCVE-0-2026-9558)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 10:01 – Updated: 2026-05-29 10:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in Mautic's theme engine. The platform renders uploaded Twig templates without a sandbox or strict function restrictions. Authenticated users with permissions to create or upload themes can abuse this to execute arbitrary code on the hosting server (Remote Code Execution) or access restricted system files and configuration settings.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-29 10:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-9498 (GCVE-0-2026-9498)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-25 20:00 – Updated: 2026-05-28 15:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dromara lamp-cloud Message Template GroovyClassLoader.parseClass special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Dromara lamp-cloud up to 5.6.2. Impacted is the function GroovyClassLoader.parseClass of the component Message Template Handler. Such manipulation of the argument DefMsgTemplate.content leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-28 15:44 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/365481 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/365481/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/814103 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Ku4D3/bug_story/blob/main/repo… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dromara | lamp-cloud |
Affected:
5.6.0
Affected: 5.6.1 Affected: 5.6.2 cpe:2.3:a:dromara:lamp-cloud:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-9177 (GCVE-0-2026-9177)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 13:46 – Updated: 2026-07-31 05:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Server-Side Template Injection in SecureTransport's Apache Velocity mail templates
Summary
A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability was identified
in the mail template functionality of the Axway SecureTransport product in version 5.5-20260326. This
flaw
allows an attacker with admin privileges to inject arbitrary Java code expressions, which are
executed server-side when the template is rendered (i.e., during email
sending). Successful exploitation of this flaw allows an attacker to
execute
arbitrary code on the server that results in full host compromise.
This issue affects all Axway SecureTransport versions prior 5.5-20260528 update.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 14:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://support.axway.com/news/4882/lang/en | vendor-advisorymitigationpatchcustomer-entitlement |
| https://www.toreon.com/CVE-2026-9177 | technical-description |
| https://docs.hackjiji.org/blog/cve-2026-9177-ssti… | technical-description |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axway | SecureTransport |
Affected:
5.5-20260326 , < 5.5-20260528
(SecureTransport)
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CVE-2026-8740 (GCVE-0-2026-8740)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-17 08:00 – Updated: 2026-05-18 12:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sanluan PublicCMS templateResult API TemplateResultDirective.java execute special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A flaw has been found in Sanluan PublicCMS 5.202506.d. The impacted element is the function execute of the file publiccms-core/src/main/java/com/publiccms/views/directive/tools/TemplateResultDirective.java of the component templateResult API. This manipulation of the argument templateContent causes improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-18 12:36 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/364328 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/364328/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/809932 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vulnplus-note.wetolink.com/share/ILcCnOvJ1fMc | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-6984 (GCVE-0-2026-6984)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-25 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-27 17:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AstrBotDevs AstrBot Dashboard API t2i.py create_template special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in AstrBotDevs AstrBot up to 4.22.1. This affects the function create_template of the file astrbot/dashboard/routes/t2i.py of the component Dashboard API. The manipulation results in improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-27 17:32 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359527 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359527/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/796164 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/issues/7330 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AstrBotDevs | AstrBot |
Affected:
4.22.0
Affected: 4.22.1 cpe:2.3:a:astrbot:astrbot:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-5987 (GCVE-0-2026-5987)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 22:45 – Updated: 2026-04-10 13:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sanluan PublicCMS FreeMarker Template AbstractFreemarkerView.java AbstractFreemarkerView.doRender special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in Sanluan PublicCMS up to 6.202506.d. This affects the function AbstractFreemarkerView.doRender of the file publiccms-parent/publiccms-core/src/main/java/com/publiccms/common/base/AbstractFreemarkerView.java of the component FreeMarker Template Handler. Such manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-10 13:52 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/356541 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/356541/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/792385 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sanluan/PublicCMS/issues/113 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/sanluan/PublicCMS/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-5559 (GCVE-0-2026-5559)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-05 10:15 – Updated: 2026-04-06 16:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AntaresMugisho PyBlade AST Validation sandbox.py _is_safe_ast special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in AntaresMugisho PyBlade 0.1.8-alpha/0.1.9-alpha. The affected element is the function _is_safe_ast of the file sandbox.py of the component AST Validation. Such manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-06 16:19 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/355329 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/355329/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/782904 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/AntaresMugisho/PyBlade/issues/1 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/AntaresMugisho/PyBlade/issues/… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/AntaresMugisho/PyBlade/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AntaresMugisho | PyBlade |
Affected:
0.1.8-alpha
Affected: 0.1.9-alpha |
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CVE-2026-3725 (GCVE-0-2026-3725)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-08 09:02 – Updated: 2026-03-11 15:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
1024-lab/lab1024 SmartAdmin FreeMarker Template MailService.java freemarkerResolverContent special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A flaw has been found in 1024-lab/lab1024 SmartAdmin up to 3.29. Affected by this issue is the function freemarkerResolverContent of the file sa-base/src/main/java/net/lab1024/sa/base/module/support/mail/MailService.java of the component FreeMarker Template Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument template_content can lead to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-11 15:32 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.349703 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349703 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.766459 | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.notion.so/SmartAdmin-Server-Side-Temp… | exploit |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1024-lab | SmartAdmin |
Affected:
3.0
Affected: 3.1 Affected: 3.2 Affected: 3.3 Affected: 3.4 Affected: 3.5 Affected: 3.6 Affected: 3.7 Affected: 3.8 Affected: 3.9 Affected: 3.10 Affected: 3.11 Affected: 3.12 Affected: 3.13 Affected: 3.14 Affected: 3.15 Affected: 3.16 Affected: 3.17 Affected: 3.18 Affected: 3.19 Affected: 3.20 Affected: 3.21 Affected: 3.22 Affected: 3.23 Affected: 3.24 Affected: 3.25 Affected: 3.26 Affected: 3.27 Affected: 3.28 Affected: 3.29 |
|
| lab1024 | SmartAdmin |
Affected:
3.0
Affected: 3.1 Affected: 3.2 Affected: 3.3 Affected: 3.4 Affected: 3.5 Affected: 3.6 Affected: 3.7 Affected: 3.8 Affected: 3.9 Affected: 3.10 Affected: 3.11 Affected: 3.12 Affected: 3.13 Affected: 3.14 Affected: 3.15 Affected: 3.16 Affected: 3.17 Affected: 3.18 Affected: 3.19 Affected: 3.20 Affected: 3.21 Affected: 3.22 Affected: 3.23 Affected: 3.24 Affected: 3.25 Affected: 3.26 Affected: 3.27 Affected: 3.28 Affected: 3.29 |
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"status": "affected",
"version": "3.22"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.23"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.24"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.25"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.26"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.27"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.28"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.29"
}
]
},
{
"modules": [
"FreeMarker Template Handler"
],
"product": "SmartAdmin",
"vendor": "lab1024",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.12"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.13"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.15"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.16"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.17"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.18"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.19"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.20"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.21"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.22"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.23"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.24"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.25"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.26"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.27"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.28"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.29"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "din4 (VulDB User)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "VulDB"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A flaw has been found in 1024-lab/lab1024 SmartAdmin up to 3.29. Affected by this issue is the function freemarkerResolverContent of the file sa-base/src/main/java/net/lab1024/sa/base/module/support/mail/MailService.java of the component FreeMarker Template Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument template_content can lead to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 6.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1336",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-791",
"description": "Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-08T09:02:08.086Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-349703 | 1024-lab/lab1024 SmartAdmin FreeMarker Template MailService.java freemarkerResolverContent special elements used in a template engine",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.349703"
},
{
"name": "VDB-349703 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349703"
},
{
"name": "Submit #766459 | 1024-lab SmartAdmin \u22643.29 Server-Side Template Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.766459"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://www.notion.so/SmartAdmin-Server-Side-Template-Injection-SSTI-in-Email-Template-Rendering-310ea92a3c418087ac63ec8e5a061b62"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-07T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-07T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-07T18:47:28.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "1024-lab/lab1024 SmartAdmin FreeMarker Template MailService.java freemarkerResolverContent special elements used in a template engine"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-3725",
"datePublished": "2026-03-08T09:02:08.086Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-03-07T17:42:23.038Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-11T15:32:45.478Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.