Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1336

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.

476 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-34587 (GCVE-0-2026-34587)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-24 00:23 – Updated: 2026-04-24 18:18
VLAI
Title
Kirby has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) via double template resolution in option rendering
Summary
Kirby is an open-source content management system. Prior to versions 4.9.0 and 5.4.0, Kirby's user permissions control which user role is allowed to perform specific actions to content models in the CMS. These permissions are defined for each role in the user blueprint (`site/blueprints/users/...`). It is also possible to customize the permissions for each target model in the model blueprints (such as in `site/blueprints/pages/...`) using the `options` feature. The permissions and options together control the authorization of user actions. For pages, Kirby provides the `pages.create` and `pages.changeStatus` permissions (among others). In affected releases, Kirby checked these permissions independently and only for the respective action. However the `changeStatus` permission didn't take effect on page creation. New pages are created as drafts by default and need to be published by changing the page status of an existing page draft. This is ensured when the page is created via the Kirby Panel. However the REST API allows to override the `isDraft` flag when creating a new page. This allowed authenticated attackers with the `pages.create` permission to immediately create published pages, bypassing the normal editorial workflow. The problem has been patched in Kirby 4.9.0 and Kirby 5.4.0. Kirby has updated the `Options` logic to no longer double-resolve queries in option values coming from `OptionsQuery` or `OptionsApi` sources. Kirby now only resolves queries that are directly configured in the blueprints.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-24 17:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7640 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getkirby kirby Affected: < 4.9.0
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-34202 (GCVE-0-2026-34202)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 14:02 – Updated: 2026-03-31 17:17
VLAI
Title
Zebra node crash — V5 transaction hash panic (P2P reachable)
Summary
ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to zebrad version 4.3.0 and zebra-chain version 6.0.1, a vulnerability in Zebra's transaction processing logic allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to cause a Zebra node to panic (crash). This is triggered by sending a specially crafted V5 transaction that passes initial deserialization but fails during transaction ID calculation. This issue has been patched in zebrad version 4.3.0 and zebra-chain version 6.0.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-31 17:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7640 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-34172 (GCVE-0-2026-34172)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 13:50 – Updated: 2026-03-31 19:09
VLAI
Title
Giskard Agents have Server-side template injection via ChatWorkflow.chat() using non-sandboxed Jinja2 Environment
Summary
Giskard is an open-source Python library for testing and evaluating agentic systems. Prior to versions 0.3.4 and 1.0.2b1, ChatWorkflow.chat(message) passes its string argument directly as a Jinja2 template source to a non-sandboxed Environment. A developer who passes user input to this method enables full remote code execution via Jinja2 class traversal. The method name chat and parameter name message naturally invite passing user input directly, but the string is silently parsed as a Jinja2 template, not treated as plain text. This issue has been patched in versions 0.3.4 and 1.0.2b1.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-31 18:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7640 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Giskard-AI giskard-oss Affected: < 0.3.4
Affected: >= 1.0.1a1, < 1.0.2b1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-33897 (GCVE-0-2026-33897)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 22:43 – Updated: 2026-03-27 20:02
VLAI
Title
Incus vulnerable to arbitrary file read and write through pongo templates
Summary
Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Prior to version 6.23.0, instance template files can be used to cause arbitrary read or writes as root on the host server. Incus allows for pongo2 templates within instances which can be used at various times in the instance lifecycle to template files inside of the instance. This particular implementation of pongo2 within Incus allowed for file read/write but with the expectation that the pongo2 chroot feature would isolate all such access to the instance's filesystem. This was allowed such that a template could theoretically read a file and then generate a new version of said file. Unfortunately the chroot isolation mechanism is entirely skipped by pongo2 leading to easy access to the entire system's filesystem with root privileges. Version 6.23.0 patches the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-27 20:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7640 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lxc incus Affected: < 6.23.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-33654 (GCVE-0-2026-33654)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 19:43 – Updated: 2026-03-30 18:59
VLAI
Title
Zero-Click Indirect Prompt Injection and Authentication Bypass via Email Polling
Summary
nanobot is a personal AI assistant. Prior to version 0.1.6, an indirect prompt injection vulnerability exists in the email channel processing module (`nanobot/channels/email.py`), allowing a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary LLM instructions (and subsequently, system tools) without any interaction from the bot owner. By sending an email containing malicious prompts to the bot's monitored email address, the bot automatically polls, ingests, and processes the email content as highly trusted input, fully bypassing channel isolation and resulting in a stealthy, zero-click attack. Version 0.1.6 patches the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-30 18:59 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7640 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HKUDS nanobot Affected: < 0.1.4.post6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-33387 (GCVE-0-2026-33387)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 13:50 – Updated: 2026-10-15 01:18
VLAI
Title
Insufficient sanitization of Dashboards in Guardian/CMC before 26.3.0
Summary
A template injection vulnerability was discovered in the Dashboards functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with the required privileges can define a dashboard containing a malicious payload, or a victim can be socially engineered into importing a malicious dashboard. When the victim views or imports the dashboard, the payload executes in their browser context, allowing the attacker to modify application data or disrupt application availability.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 14:18 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine
Assigner
Nozomi CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 81/100 over 58 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Nozomi Networks Guardian Affected: 0 , < 26.3.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:nozomi_networks:guardian:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Nozomi Networks CMC Affected: 0 , < 26.3.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:nozomi_networks:cmc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens RUGGEDCOM APE1808 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-08 07:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-33154 (GCVE-0-2026-33154)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 20:22 – Updated: 2026-03-27 15:23
VLAI
Title
dynaconf Affected by Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Template Evaluation in @jinja Resolver
Summary
dynaconf is a configuration management tool for Python. Prior to version 3.2.13, Dynaconf is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsafe template evaluation in the @Jinja resolver. When the jinja2 package is installed, Dynaconf evaluates template expressions embedded in configuration values without a sandboxed environment. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.13.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-27 15:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7640 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dynaconf dynaconf Affected: < 3.2.13
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-33130 (GCVE-0-2026-33130)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 09:50 – Updated: 2026-03-20 21:18
VLAI
Title
Uptime Kuma: SSTI in Notification Templates Allows Arbitrary File Read (Incomplete Fix for GHSA-vffh-c9pq-4crh)
Summary
Uptime Kuma is an open source, self-hosted monitoring tool. In versions 1.23.0 through 2.2.0, the fix from GHSA-vffh-c9pq-4crh doesn't fully work to preventServer-side Template Injection (SSTI). The three mitigations added to the Liquid engine (root, relativeReference, dynamicPartials) only block quoted paths. If a project uses an unquoted absolute path, attackers can still read any file on the server. The original fix in notification-provider.js only constrains the first two steps of LiquidJS's file resolution (via root, relativeReference, and dynamicPartials options), but the third step, the require.resolve() fallback in liquid.node.js has no containment check, allowing unquoted absolute paths like /etc/passwd to resolve successfully. Quoted paths happen to be blocked only because the literal quote characters cause require.resolve('"/etc/passwd"') to throw a MODULE_NOT_FOUND error, not because of any intentional security measure. This issue has been fixed in version 2.2.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-20 21:18 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7640 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
louislam uptime-kuma Affected: >= 1.23.0, < 2.2.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-32261 (GCVE-0-2026-32261)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-16 18:50 – Updated: 2026-03-16 19:27
VLAI
Title
RCE via SSTI for users with permissions to access the Craft CMS Webhooks plugin
Summary
Webhooks for Craft CMS plugin adds the ability to manage “webhooks” in Craft CMS, which will send GET or POST requests when certain events occur. From version 3.0.0 to before version 3.2.0, the Webhooks plugin renders user-supplied template content through Twig’s renderString() function without sandbox protection. This allows an authenticated user with access to the Craft control panel and permissions to access the Webhooks plugin to inject Twig template code that calls arbitrary PHP functions. This is possible even if allowAdminChanges is set to false. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-16 19:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7640 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
craftcms webhooks Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-31864 (GCVE-0-2026-31864)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-13 19:22 – Updated: 2026-03-13 19:44
VLAI
Title
JumpServer has a Server-Side Template Injection Leading to RCE via YAML Rendering
Summary
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in JumpServer's Applet and VirtualApp upload functionality. This vulnerability can only be exploited by users with administrative privileges (Application Applet Management or Virtual Application Management permissions). Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code within the JumpServer Core container. The vulnerability arises from unsafe use of Jinja2 template rendering when processing user-uploaded YAML configuration files. When a user uploads an Applet or VirtualApp ZIP package, the manifest.yml file is rendered through Jinja2 without sandbox restrictions, allowing template injection attacks.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-13 19:44 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7640 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jumpserver jumpserver Affected: < 3.10.22
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.10.16
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.