Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1336
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
398 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-25526 (GCVE-0-2026-25526)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-04 21:26 – Updated: 2026-02-05 21:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JinJava Bypass through ForTag leads to Arbitrary Java Execution
Summary
JinJava is a Java-based template engine based on django template syntax, adapted to render jinja templates. Prior to versions 2.7.6 and 2.8.3, JinJava is vulnerable to arbitrary Java execution via bypass through ForTag. This allows arbitrary Java class instantiation and file access bypassing built-in sandbox restrictions. This issue has been patched in versions 2.7.6 and 2.8.3.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-05 21:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/HubSpot/jinjava/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/HubSpot/jinjava/commit/3d02e50… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/HubSpot/jinjava/commit/c7328dc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/HubSpot/jinjava/releases/tag/j… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/HubSpot/jinjava/releases/tag/j… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-23626 (GCVE-0-2026-23626)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-18 22:45 – Updated: 2026-01-20 20:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kimai Vulnerable to Authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)
Summary
Kimai is a web-based multi-user time-tracking application. Prior to version 2.46.0, Kimai's export functionality uses a Twig sandbox with an overly permissive security policy (`DefaultPolicy`) that allows arbitrary method calls on objects available in the template context. An authenticated user with export permissions can deploy a malicious Twig template that extracts sensitive information including environment variables, all user password hashes, serialized session tokens, and CSRF tokens. Version 2.46.0 patches this issue.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-20 19:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/kimai/kimai/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/kimai/kimai/pull/5757 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/kimai/kimai/commit/6a86afb5fd7… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/kimai/kimai/releases/tag/2.46.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-22244 (GCVE-0-2026-22244)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-08 15:12 – Updated: 2026-01-08 15:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenMetadata Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in FreeMarker email templates that leads to RCE
Summary
OpenMetadata is a unified metadata platform. Versions prior to 1.11.4 are vulnerable to remote code execution via Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in FreeMarker email templates. An attacker must have administrative privileges to exploit the vulnerability. Version 1.11.4 contains a patch.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-08 15:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| open-metadata | OpenMetadata |
Affected:
< 1.11.4
|
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CVE-2026-22191 (GCVE-0-2026-22191)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-13 01:18 – Updated: 2026-04-22 18:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Beghelli Sicuro24 SicuroWeb AngularJS Template Injection
Summary
Beghelli Sicuro24 SicuroWeb contains a template injection vulnerability that allows attackers to inject arbitrary AngularJS expressions by exploiting improper rendering of untrusted input in AngularJS template contexts. Attackers can inject malicious expressions that are compiled and executed by the AngularJS 1.5.2 runtime to achieve arbitrary JavaScript execution in operator browser sessions, with network-adjacent attackers able to deliver payloads via MITM injection in plaintext HTTP deployments.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-13 14:16 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.boffsec-services.com/posts/sicuroweb-… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://github.com/kmkz/Exploits/blob/master/2026… | exploit |
| https://github.com/kmkz/Exploits/blob/master/2026… | technical-description |
| https://www.beghelli.it | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/beghelli-sic… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beghelli | SicuroWeb (Sicuro24) |
Affected:
0
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CVE-2026-21450 (GCVE-0-2026-21450)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-02 20:38 – Updated: 2026-01-02 21:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bagisto has SSTI in parameter that can lead to RCE
Summary
Bagisto is an open source laravel eCommerce platform. Versions prior to 2.3.10 are vulnerable to server-side template injection via type parameter, which can lead to remote code execution or another exploitation. Version 2.3.10 fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-02 21:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bagisto/bagisto/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-21449 (GCVE-0-2026-21449)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-02 20:35 – Updated: 2026-01-02 21:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bagisto has SSTI via first and last name from low-privilege user (not admin)
Summary
Bagisto is an open source laravel eCommerce platform. Versions prior to 2.3.10 are vulnerable to server-side template injection via first name and last name from a low-privilege user. Version 2.3.10 fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-02 21:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
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| https://github.com/bagisto/bagisto/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-21448 (GCVE-0-2026-21448)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-02 20:18 – Updated: 2026-01-02 21:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bagisto has Normal & Blind SSTI from low-privilege user when ordering product
Summary
Bagisto is an open source laravel eCommerce platform. Versions prior to 2.3.10 are vulnerable to server-side template injection. When a normal customer orders any product, in the `add address` step they can inject a value to run in admin view. The issue can lead to remote code execution. Version 2.3.10 contains a patch.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-02 21:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bagisto/bagisto/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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GCVE-1-2026-20109 (CVE-2026-71502)
Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-08-06 20:29 – Updated: 2026-08-06 22:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unauthenticated Stored Vue Template Injection Leads to Cross-Site Scripting in CTI-Transmute
Summary
CTI-Transmute contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability caused by insufficient neutralization of Vue template expression delimiters in server-rendered user-controlled data.
An unauthenticated attacker can create a public conversion whose name or description contains a malicious Vue expression using the application's configured [[ ... ]] delimiters. User profile names may provide an additional injection vector. Although Jinja HTML escaping is applied, the resulting value is subsequently included in a DOM region compiled by Vue.
Vue interprets the attacker-controlled value as a template expression rather than ordinary text. By accessing the JavaScript Function constructor from within the expression, an attacker can execute arbitrary JavaScript in the security context of the CTI-Transmute origin. The application's nonce-based Content Security Policy does not prevent exploitation because the Vue runtime compiler requires the unsafe-eval policy exception.
The malicious payload is stored by the application and executed whenever another user opens an affected page, such as the public conversion detail page. The victim may be a normal user or an administrator. Successful exploitation could allow the attacker to:
* Access data available to the victim through the application.
* Extract API keys, tokens, or other sensitive information exposed to the page.
* Perform authenticated actions using the victim's session.
* Modify conversions or other application data.
* Escalate the impact by targeting an administrator.
A demonstrated payload can use [].constructor.constructor(...) to obtain the JavaScript Function constructor and execute arbitrary code. The regression tests also show that a short first-stage payload could retrieve an uncapped conversion description and evaluate a larger second-stage payload.
The patch addresses the vulnerability by registering a global Jinja finalize hook that inserts a zero-width Unicode word joiner inside every Vue delimiter found in server-rendered values. This prevents Vue from recognizing the values as template expressions while preserving their visible representation.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| misp | cti-transmute |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.4.0
(semver)
|
Relationships
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CVE-2026-19929 (GCVE-0-2026-19929)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-16 03:00 – Updated: 2026-08-19 15:12 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenBoxes Template Processing DocumentController.groovy buildZebraTemplate special elements in template engine
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in OpenBoxes up to 0.9.6. This impacts the function buildZebraTemplate of the file grails-app/controllers/org/pih/warehouse/core/DocumentController.groovy of the component Template Processing. The manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Upgrading to version 0.9.8-hotfix1 and 0.9.8 will fix this issue. The identifier of the patch is deeac6a4a7aba86ce99c4bda37142e41d209293e. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 15:12 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/390180 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/390180/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-19929 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/872054 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/OpenBoxes/OpenBoxes/security/a… | related |
| https://github.com/OpenBoxes/OpenBoxes/pull/5943 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://gist.github.com/nedlir/220a30213b5a5c6bc2… | exploit |
| https://github.com/openboxes/openboxes/commit/dee… | patch |
| https://github.com/openboxes/openboxes/releases/t… | patch |
| https://github.com/OpenBoxes/OpenBoxes/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-18632 (GCVE-0-2026-18632)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-03 19:30 – Updated: 2026-08-03 21:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
langgenius dify Jinja2 jinja2_transformer.py jinja2.Template special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in langgenius dify up to 1.14.2. This issue affects the function jinja2.Template of the file api/core/helper/code_executor/jinja2/jinja2_transformer.py of the component Jinja2 Handler. The manipulation results in improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-03 21:15 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/385555 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/385555/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-18632 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/853188 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/CVE-Hunter-Leo/CVE/issues/14 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| langgenius | dify |
Affected:
1.14.0
Affected: 1.14.1 Affected: 1.14.2 cpe:2.3:a:langgenius:dify:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.