Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1336
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
476 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-47727 (GCVE-0-2026-47727)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 16:51 – Updated: 2026-09-01 14:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Trilium: RCE via `shareTemplate` relation missing `isDangerous` flag — Safe import bypass leading to EJS SSTI (Incomplete Fix of CVE-2026-45668)
Summary
Trilium is an open-source hierarchical note-taking application. In versions prior to 0.104.0, the default-on "Safe import" filter fails to neutralize the shareTemplate relation because that relation is not marked as dangerous, allowing an attacker-supplied import archive to plant a server-side template that leads to remote code execution. The relation is omitted from the built-in list of dangerous attributes, so unlike other code-loading relations it is not disabled on import, and when the victim later publishes the imported note the public share renderer feeds the linked EJS code note's raw bytes into ejs.render, which compiles them in the server's Node process. An unauthenticated request to the shared note then executes the attacker's JavaScript with full access to require, process, the filesystem, and the network. This issue is fixed in version 0.104.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-29 03:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/TriliumNext/Trilium/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/TriliumNext/Trilium/commit/0db… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TriliumNext | Trilium |
Affected:
0.104.0
|
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CVE-2026-47690 (GCVE-0-2026-47690)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-21 20:46 – Updated: 2026-07-22 14:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MeltanoHub vulnerable to command injection in the `test_dispatcher` GitHub Actions workflow
Summary
MeltanoHub is the source code for hub.meltano.com, the central place for Meltano plugins. Versions of the repo prior to commit 923820de8f64d753951fbbd54f7282a3d5f75173 were vulnerable to exfiltration of `GITHUB_TOKEN` with write permissions to the repository. The vulnerable workflow used pull_request_target, which runs in the context of the base repository with access to secrets. Commit 923820de8f64d753951fbbd54f7282a3d5f75173 fixes the issue. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-22 14:59 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/meltano/hub/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/meltano/hub/pull/2247 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/meltano/hub/pull/2249 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/meltano/hub/pull/2251 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/meltano/hub/commit/923820de8f6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/myogahunter/meltano-hub-poc | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-46636 (GCVE-0-2026-46636)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-04 22:07 – Updated: 2026-09-08 17:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Twig: Sandbox method allowlist bypass via `Markup` subclass
Summary
Twig is a template language for PHP. From version 1.0.0 to before version 3.27.0, SecurityPolicy::checkMethodAllowed() unconditionally whitelists all method calls on instances of Twig\Markup. Twig\Markup is not final, so subclasses inherit the bypass. An application that passes an object of a Markup-derived class into a sandboxed template (typically to mark a chunk of HTML as safe) inadvertently exposes every public method of that subclass to template authors, regardless of the configured allowedMethods list. This issue has been patched in version 3.27.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 17:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/DSA-6311-1 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://symfony.com/blog/cve-2026-46636-sandbox-f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://github.com/twigphp/Twig/releases/tag/v3.27.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-46439 (GCVE-0-2026-46439)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-14 16:08 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
compliance-trestle Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Recursive Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)
Summary
compliance-trestle is a tooling platform for managing compliance as code. Versions prior to 3.12.2 and 4.0.3 have a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in the `trestle author jinja` command. The command recursively evaluates rendered templates, allowing an attacker to achieve arbitrary command execution with privileges of the running process by injecting malicious payloads into data fields (such as SSP documents or Lookup Tables). The vulnerability does not require attacker control of the template itself. Only attacker-controlled input data rendered into a trusted template is required. This distinction is critical: the template author may only intend to render plain text (e.g., `Title: {{ ssp.metadata.title }}`), but because of the recursive parsing, the data field itself becomes executable. The vulnerability is caused by recursive re-compilation and re-rendering of already-rendered output. Versions 3.12.3 and 4.0.3 patch the issue.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 16:32 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trest… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trest… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trest… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/ma… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| oscal-compass | compliance-trestle |
Affected:
< 3.12.2
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.3 |
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CVE-2026-45714 (GCVE-0-2026-45714)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 20:43 – Updated: 2026-05-14 15:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CubeCart: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Smarty Templates leading to RCE
Summary
CubeCart is an ecommerce software solution. Prior to 6.7.0, an Authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in multiple modules of CubeCart (including Email Templates, Invoices, Documents, and Contact Forms). The application unsafely evaluates user-supplied input using the Smarty template engine without enabling Smarty Security Policies. This allows any authenticated user with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary operating system commands (RCE) on the server. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.7.0.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-14 15:50 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cubecart/v6/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-45697 (GCVE-0-2026-45697)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 19:01 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Formie: Pre-authenticated server-side template injection in Hidden fields
Summary
Formie is a Craft CMS plugin for creating forms. Prior to 2.2.20 and 3.1.24, unauthenticated users could submit crafted values into Hidden fields (with Default value → Custom) that were evaluated as Twig during submission handling, which could lead to serious compromise of the Craft site (depending on template/sandbox behavior). This vulnerability is fixed in 2.2.20 and 3.1.24.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-01 15:18 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/verbb/formie/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/verbb/formie/commit/f690d56231… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/verbb/formie/releases/tag/2.2.20 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/verbb/formie/releases/tag/3.1.24 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-45312 (GCVE-0-2026-45312)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 12:24 – Updated: 2026-06-02 01:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RAGFlow: Server-Side Template Injection in Prompt Generator leads to Remote Code Execution
Summary
RAGFlow is an open-source RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) engine. In 0.24.0 and earlier, a Jinja2 template injection in the prompt generator (rag/prompts/generator.py) allows any authenticated user to execute arbitrary OS commands on the server. Any normal user can register, create a Canvas workflow with a DuckDuckGo + LLM component chain, and trigger the SSTI.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-02 01:01 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/infiniflow/ragflow/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| infiniflow | ragflow |
Affected:
<= 0.24.0
|
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CVE-2026-44916 (GCVE-0-2026-44916)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 06:38 – Updated: 2026-05-20 15:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In OpenStack Ironic before 35.0.2 (in a certain non-default configuration), instance_info['ks_template'] is rendered without sandboxing.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-08 12:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenStack | Ironic |
Affected:
17.0.0 , < 26.1.7
(semver)
Affected: 27.0.0 , < 29.0.6 (semver) Affected: 30.0.0 , < 32.0.2 (semver) Affected: 33.0.0 , < 35.0.2 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:openstack:ironic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:openstack:ironic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:openstack:ironic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:openstack:ironic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-44845 (GCVE-0-2026-44845)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 21:03 – Updated: 2026-08-18 18:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JumpServer: Remote Command Execution (RCE) via Jinja Template Injection in Applet Host Deployment
Summary
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. Prior to 4.10.17, an authenticated administrator with Applet Host management and deployment permissions can inject Jinja2 expressions into the IP/Host field or Core Service Address field, causing Ansible to evaluate ansible_host inventory data or playbook variables during Applet Host deployment and execute arbitrary commands on the JumpServer control node. This issue is fixed in version 4.10.17.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 18:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/pull/16749 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/pull/16886 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/commit/c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jumpserver | jumpserver |
Affected:
< 4.10.17
|
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CVE-2026-44723 (GCVE-0-2026-44723)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-26 15:49 – Updated: 2026-05-28 13:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Vowpal Wabbit: Shell injection via crafted PR title in python_checks.yml allows arbitrary command execution on CI runner
Summary
Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.
Severity
5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-28 13:57 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| VowpalWabbit | vowpal_wabbit |
Affected:
< 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad
|
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.