Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11369 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G8P4-4QGR-RF4F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-03 18:48 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:30
VLAI
Details
The NtfsHandler.cpp NTFS handler in 7-Zip before 24.01 (for 7zz) contains an out-of-bounds read that allows an attacker to read beyond the intended buffer. The bytes read beyond the intended buffer are presented as a part of a filename listed in the file system image. This has security relevance in some known web-service use cases where untrusted users can upload files and have them extracted by a server-side 7-Zip process.
Severity
8.2 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52169"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-03T18:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The NtfsHandler.cpp NTFS handler in 7-Zip before 24.01 (for 7zz) contains an out-of-bounds read that allows an attacker to read beyond the intended buffer. The bytes read beyond the intended buffer are presented as a part of a filename listed in the file system image. This has security relevance in some known web-service use cases where untrusted users can upload files and have them extracted by a server-side 7-Zip process.",
"id": "GHSA-g8p4-4qgr-rf4f",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:30:51Z",
"published": "2024-07-03T18:48:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dfir.ru/2024/06/19/vulnerabilities-in-7-zip-and-ntfs3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241122-0011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/sevenzip/bugs/2402"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/03/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/03/10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G8PW-FHCC-PF5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:41 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:41
VLAI
Details
Insufficient validation in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 67.0.3396.62 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds memory read via a crafted HTML page.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6143"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-09T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient validation in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 67.0.3396.62 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds memory read via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-g8pw-fhcc-pf5m",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:41:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:41:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1815"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2018/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_58.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/843022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104309"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041014"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G8Q8-6V4C-HJ3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31
VLAI
Details
Kofax Power PDF JP2 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JP2 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21834.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51609"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:16:22Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Kofax Power PDF JP2 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of JP2 files.\nThe issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21834.",
"id": "GHSA-g8q8-6v4c-hj3p",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:08Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1910"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G8W2-R832-C3P7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-05 15:30 – Updated: 2025-01-29 21:31
VLAI
Details
llvm-project commit a0138390 was discovered to contain a segmentation fault via the component matchAndRewriteSortOp(mlir::sparse_tensor::SortOp.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29941"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-05T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "llvm-project commit a0138390 was discovered to contain a segmentation fault via the component matchAndRewriteSortOp\u003cmlir::sparse_tensor::SortOp\u003e(mlir::sparse_tensor::SortOp.",
"id": "GHSA-g8w2-r832-c3p7",
"modified": "2025-01-29T21:31:20Z",
"published": "2023-05-05T15:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29941"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/59988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZWCCXDZP7H2JNFULSZZWXGAZHZUPN5DS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZWCCXDZP7H2JNFULSZZWXGAZHZUPN5DS"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G8WG-CJWC-XHHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 14:41 – Updated: 2024-11-13 21:15
VLAI
Summary
Heap OOB in nested `tf.map_fn` with `RaggedTensor`s
Details
Impact
It is possible to nest a tf.map_fn within another tf.map_fn call. However, if the input tensor is a RaggedTensor and there is no function signature provided, code assumes the output is a fully specified tensor and fills output buffer with uninitialized contents from the heap:
import tensorflow as tf
x = tf.ragged.constant([[1,2,3], [4,5], [6]])
t = tf.map_fn(lambda r: tf.map_fn(lambda y: r, r), x)
z = tf.ragged.constant([[[1,2,3],[1,2,3],[1,2,3]],[[4,5],[4,5]],[[6]]])
The t and z outputs should be identical, however this is not the case. The last row of t contains data from the heap which can be used to leak other memory information.
The bug lies in the conversion from a Variant tensor to a RaggedTensor. The implementation does not check that all inner shapes match and this results in the additional dimensions in the above example.
The same implementation can result in data loss, if input tensor is tweaked:
import tensorflow as tf
x = tf.ragged.constant([[1,2], [3,4,5], [6]])
t = tf.map_fn(lambda r: tf.map_fn(lambda y: r, r), x)
Here, the output tensor will only have 2 elements for each inner dimension.
Patches
We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 4e2565483d0ffcadc719bd44893fb7f609bb5f12.
The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.6.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.5.1, TensorFlow 2.4.3, and TensorFlow 2.3.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by Haris Sahovic.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.5.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.5.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.5.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37679"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-681"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-24T16:17:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-12T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nIt is possible to nest a `tf.map_fn` within another `tf.map_fn` call. However, if the input tensor is a `RaggedTensor` and there is no function signature provided, code assumes the output is a fully specified tensor and fills output buffer with uninitialized contents from the heap:\n\n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\nx = tf.ragged.constant([[1,2,3], [4,5], [6]])\nt = tf.map_fn(lambda r: tf.map_fn(lambda y: r, r), x)\nz = tf.ragged.constant([[[1,2,3],[1,2,3],[1,2,3]],[[4,5],[4,5]],[[6]]])\n```\n \nThe `t` and `z` outputs should be identical, however this is not the case. The last row of `t` contains data from the heap which can be used to leak other memory information.\n\nThe bug lies in the conversion from a `Variant` tensor to a `RaggedTensor`. The [implementation](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/460e000de3a83278fb00b61a16d161b1964f15f4/tensorflow/core/kernels/ragged_tensor_from_variant_op.cc#L177-L190) does not check that all inner shapes match and this results in the additional dimensions in the above example.\n\nThe same implementation can result in data loss, if input tensor is tweaked:\n\n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\nx = tf.ragged.constant([[1,2], [3,4,5], [6]])\nt = tf.map_fn(lambda r: tf.map_fn(lambda y: r, r), x) \n```\n\nHere, the output tensor will only have 2 elements for each inner dimension.\n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in GitHub commit [4e2565483d0ffcadc719bd44893fb7f609bb5f12](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/4e2565483d0ffcadc719bd44893fb7f609bb5f12).\n\nThe fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.6.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.5.1, TensorFlow 2.4.3, and TensorFlow 2.3.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by Haris Sahovic.",
"id": "GHSA-g8wg-cjwc-xhhp",
"modified": "2024-11-13T21:15:11Z",
"published": "2021-08-25T14:41:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-g8wg-cjwc-xhhp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/4e2565483d0ffcadc719bd44893fb7f609bb5f12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2021-592.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2021-790.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2021-301.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Heap OOB in nested `tf.map_fn` with `RaggedTensor`s"
}
GHSA-G949-WPGM-GQ75
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:42
VLAI
Details
The ICMPv6 parser in tcpdump before 4.9.2 has a buffer over-read in print-icmp6.c:icmp6_nodeinfo_print().
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-13041"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-14T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The ICMPv6 parser in tcpdump before 4.9.2 has a buffer over-read in print-icmp6.c:icmp6_nodeinfo_print().",
"id": "GHSA-g949-wpgm-gq75",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:42:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:42:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13041"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/the-tcpdump-group/tcpdump/commit/f4b9e24c7384d882a7f434cc7413925bf871d63e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHEA-2018:0705"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201709-23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT208221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3971"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.tcpdump.org/tcpdump-changes.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G952-5578-5WVP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-13 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:26
VLAI
Details
Information disclosure due to buffer over-read while parsing DNS response packets in Modem.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-126"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-13T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Information disclosure due to buffer over-read while parsing DNS response packets in Modem.",
"id": "GHSA-g952-5578-5wvp",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:26:47Z",
"published": "2023-04-13T09:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/april-2023-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G954-X6PX-FJVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 18:34 – Updated: 2025-04-08 18:34
VLAI
Details
Animate versions 24.0.7, 23.0.10 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27202"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T18:15:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Animate versions 24.0.7, 23.0.10 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-g954-x6px-fjvv",
"modified": "2025-04-08T18:34:50Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T18:34:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27202"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/animate/apsb25-31.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G96R-M5M9-8HQG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 18:30
VLAI
Details
Windows Distributed File System (DFS) Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-26226"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T17:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Windows Distributed File System (DFS) Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-g96r-m5m9-8hqg",
"modified": "2024-04-09T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2024-04-09T18:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26226"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-26226"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G98C-V7WV-8HQ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 18:32 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:32
VLAI
Details
Windows Digital Media Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Severity
6.6 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21341"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T18:15:59Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Windows Digital Media Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-g98c-v7wv-8hq9",
"modified": "2025-01-14T18:32:05Z",
"published": "2025-01-14T18:32:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21341"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.