CWE-121
AllowedStack-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
5215 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FR49-R522-PMCP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-03 00:30 – Updated: 2025-08-03 00:30NVIDIA vGPU software contains a vulnerability in the Virtual GPU Manager, where a malicious guest could cause a stack buffer overflow. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, denial of service, information disclosure, or data tampering.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23284"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-02T23:15:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NVIDIA vGPU software contains a vulnerability in the Virtual GPU Manager, where a malicious guest could cause a stack buffer overflow. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, denial of service, information disclosure, or data tampering.",
"id": "GHSA-fr49-r522-pmcp",
"modified": "2025-08-03T00:30:25Z",
"published": "2025-08-03T00:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5670"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR64-MHRH-8996
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-15 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-15 15:31Tenda AX-1806 v1.0.0.1 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the wanSpeed parameter of the sub_65B5C function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-71019"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-15T15:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda AX-1806 v1.0.0.1 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the wanSpeed parameter of the sub_65B5C function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-fr64-mhrh-8996",
"modified": "2026-01-15T15:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-01-15T15:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-71019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0-fool/VulnbyCola/blob/main/Tenda/AX-1806/9/1.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR69-2JFX-9JWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-18 18:32 – Updated: 2026-06-09 12:31A stack-based buffer overflow in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiOS 6.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.3.b allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58413"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T17:16:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiOS 6.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.3.b allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets",
"id": "GHSA-fr69-2jfx-9jwf",
"modified": "2026-06-09T12:31:59Z",
"published": "2025-11-18T18:32:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58413"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-864900.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-632"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FRGF-2QJW-VQVW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-29 21:30 – Updated: 2025-12-31 18:30A stack-based buffer overflow exists in the GoAhead-Webs HTTP daemon on KuWFi 4G LTE AC900 devices with firmware 1.0.13. The /goform/formMultiApnSetting handler uses sprintf() to copy the user-supplied pincode parameter into a fixed 132-byte stack buffer with no bounds checks. This allows an attacker to corrupt adjacent stack memory, crash the web server, and (under certain conditions) may enable arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68706"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-29T19:15:57Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow exists in the GoAhead-Webs HTTP daemon on KuWFi 4G LTE AC900 devices with firmware 1.0.13. The /goform/formMultiApnSetting handler uses sprintf() to copy the user-supplied pincode parameter into a fixed 132-byte stack buffer with no bounds checks. This allows an attacker to corrupt adjacent stack memory, crash the web server, and (under certain conditions) may enable arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-frgf-2qjw-vqvw",
"modified": "2025-12-31T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-12-29T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.proton.me/urls/HJCJYAC7JM#XtHcm3P7QaYk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/actuator/cve/blob/main/Kuwfi/CVE-2025-68706.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/actuator/cve/tree/main/Kuwfi"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kuwfi.com/products/kuwfi-gigabit-wireless-router-4g-lte-wifi-router-dual-band-portable-wifi-modem-hotspot-64-user-with-gigabit-wan-lan-rj11-port"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FV23-FJ7R-W7W4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-06 06:30 – Updated: 2024-02-06 06:30Memory corruption when AP includes TID to link mapping IE in the beacons and STA is parsing the beacon TID to link mapping IE.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-06T06:16:01Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption when AP includes TID to link mapping IE in the beacons and STA is parsing the beacon TID to link mapping IE.",
"id": "GHSA-fv23-fj7r-w7w4",
"modified": "2024-02-06T06:30:32Z",
"published": "2024-02-06T06:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/february-2024-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FV35-87GX-HXFR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the set_dmvpn function with the hub_ip and the hub_gre_ip variables.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25102"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T15:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the set_dmvpn function with the hub_ip and the hub_gre_ip variables.",
"id": "GHSA-fv35-87gx-hxfr",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:35Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25102"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FV4J-37M7-XGRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-21 21:32 – Updated: 2025-08-21 21:32Xenorate versions up to and including 2.50, a Windows-based multimedia player, is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow when processing .xpl playlist files. The application fails to properly validate the length of input data, allowing an attacker to craft a malicious .xpl file that overwrites the Structured Exception Handler (SEH) and enables arbitrary code execution. Exploitation requires local interaction, typically by convincing a user to open the crafted file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-20003"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-21T21:15:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Xenorate versions up to and including 2.50, a Windows-based multimedia player, is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow when processing .xpl playlist files. The application fails to properly validate the length of input data, allowing an attacker to craft a malicious .xpl file that overwrites the Structured Exception Handler (SEH) and enables arbitrary code execution. Exploitation requires local interaction, typically by convincing a user to open the crafted file.",
"id": "GHSA-fv4j-37m7-xgrg",
"modified": "2025-08-21T21:32:07Z",
"published": "2025-08-21T21:32:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-20003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/windows/fileformat/xenorate_xpl_bof.rb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20100507021109/http://www.xenorate.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/10371"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/10373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.fortiguard.com/encyclopedia/ips/18035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/xenorate-xpl-file-stack-based-buffer-overflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.xenorate.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FV5C-QFH5-JJPG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-28 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-28 21:31Tenda FH1202 v1.2.0.14(408) has a stack overflow vulnerability in the time parameter of the saveParentControlInfo function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30591"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-28T14:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda FH1202 v1.2.0.14(408) has a stack overflow vulnerability in the time parameter of the saveParentControlInfo function.",
"id": "GHSA-fv5c-qfh5-jjpg",
"modified": "2024-08-28T21:31:26Z",
"published": "2024-03-28T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30591"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH/FH1202/saveParentControlInfo_time.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FV63-W4RC-JG74
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-28 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Netatalk. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the copyapplfile function. When parsing the len element, the process does not properly validate the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-15869.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-28T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Netatalk. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the copyapplfile function. When parsing the len element, the process does not properly validate the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-15869.",
"id": "GHSA-fv63-w4rc-jg74",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:33Z",
"published": "2023-03-28T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/05/msg00018.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://netatalk.sourceforge.io/3.1/ReleaseNotes3.1.13.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5503"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/709991"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-526"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FV73-57VF-3QGX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-12 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-23 18:30Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the "cc" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd s_schd, at 0x9d01a18c, the value for the off key is copied using strcpy to the buffer at $sp+0x270.This buffer is 16 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16295"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-11T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the \"cc\" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd s_schd, at 0x9d01a18c, the value for the `off` key is copied using `strcpy` to the buffer at `$sp+0x270`.This buffer is 16 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-fv73-57vf-3qgx",
"modified": "2023-01-23T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-01-12T00:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0483"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.