Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-116

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.

789 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-110757 (GCVE-0-2026-110757)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-16 22:07 – Updated: 2026-10-16 22:07
VLAI
Title
Text::CSV_XS versions before 1.65 for Perl allow record splitting by writing strings used as numbers without quotes in combine
Summary
Text::CSV_XS versions before 1.65 for Perl allow record splitting by writing strings used as numbers without quotes in combine. combine and print do not check whether a field needs quotes when its value has Perl's integer or numeric flag set. Perl sets these flags on a string used in a numeric operation when it parses as a number, which allows leading and trailing whitespace. With binary set, as csv does by default, "12\n" passes a check such as $qty > 0 and is then written unquoted with its newline. A value validated as a number can end the record early and turn the fields after it into a separate row.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
CPANSec CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 272 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 1.65 (custom)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-110756 (GCVE-0-2026-110756)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-16 22:07 – Updated: 2026-10-16 22:07
VLAI
Title
Text::CSV_XS versions before 1.65 for Perl drop the end of a record and its line ending when a UTF-8 flagged field precedes invalid UTF-8 bytes in print
Summary
Text::CSV_XS versions before 1.65 for Perl drop the end of a record and its line ending when a UTF-8 flagged field precedes invalid UTF-8 bytes in print. When a record contains a UTF-8 flagged field, print holds back trailing bytes that are not valid UTF-8 at each buffer flush, so that a character split across two flushes can be completed. Nothing writes the held-back bytes after the record's final flush. A record whose last field ends in such a byte loses it, any closing quote and the line ending, while print still returns true. combine is not affected. The next record is written onto the same line, or, when the last field was quoted, the missing closing quote makes a reader take every following record as part of that field.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
CPANSec CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 272 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 1.65 (custom)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-110592 (GCVE-0-2026-110592)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 14:16 – Updated: 2026-10-16 11:38
VLAI
Title
BottleCRM 0.30 through 1.14.5 HTML Injection via Custom Invoice PDF Template
Summary
BottleCRM 0.30 through 1.14.5 contains an HTML injection vulnerability in render_invoice_template() that allows authenticated organization members to inject markup into custom-template invoice PDFs. Attackers can place HTML and CSS in notes, terms, client name or address fields to overlay totals, payee and payment instructions in PDFs served via download, public links and emails.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 17:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6436 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MicroPyramid BottleCRM Affected: 0.30 , ≤ 1.14.5 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:micropyramid:django_crm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-14 00:00
Credits
Aaron Amran Bin Amiruddin (@aaronamran)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-107845 (GCVE-0-2026-107845)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 19:29 – Updated: 2026-10-09 19:51
VLAI
Title
Contao: Cross-site scripting in the comments bundle
Summary
Contao is an Open Source CMS. From version 4.0.0 until 5.3.50 and 5.7.12, an unauthenticated visitor can submit a comment whose email or website metadata is rendered without sufficient attribute and URL encoding by listComments() in comments-bundle/contao/dca/tl_comments.php. When a backend user opens the Comments module, attacker-controlled script can execute in the Contao backend origin under that user's session. Unpublished comments remain visible to moderators, so moderation does not prevent exposure. This issue is fixed in versions 5.3.50 and 5.7.12.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-09 19:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7652 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
contao contao Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 5.3.50
Affected: >= 5.4.0-RC1, < 5.7.12
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-107823 (GCVE-0-2026-107823)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 17:30 – Updated: 2026-10-13 17:04
VLAI
Title
MariaDB: privilege escalation via incorrect view frm parsing
Summary
MariaDB server is a community developed fork of MySQL server. From 10.6.1 until 10.6.28, 10.11.19, 11.4.13, 11.8.9, 12.3.3, and 13.0.2, the MariaDB view FRM parser did not safely encode embedded newline characters in a username. An account with CREATE USER and CREATE VIEW WITH GRANT OPTION could create a crafted username containing additional view metadata, causing the parser to interpret part of the username as security metadata and potentially escalating database privileges. This issue is fixed in versions 10.6.28, 10.11.19, 11.4.13, 11.8.9, 12.3.3, and 13.0.2.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 17:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-144 - Improper Neutralization of Line Delimiters
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7652 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MariaDB server Affected: >= 10.6.1, < 10.6.28
Affected: >= 10.11.1, < 10.11.19
Affected: >= 11.4.1, < 11.4.13
Affected: >= 11.8.1, < 11.8.9
Affected: >= 12.3.1, < 12.3.3
Affected: >= 13.0.1, < 13.0.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-107393 (GCVE-0-2026-107393)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 19:52 – Updated: 2026-10-14 01:16
VLAI
Title
FreeScout: Stored HTML Injection in Administrator Alert Emails via Spoofed CF-Connecting-IP Header
Summary
FreeScout is a self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to 1.8.235, when APP_CLOUDFLARE_IS_USED is enabled, FreeScout trusts an unvalidated CF-Connecting-IP header during failed login attempts and stores the spoofed value in the activity log. LogsMonitor inserts the value into an administrator alert email without HTML escaping, allowing injected HTML to execute when an administrator opens the email. This issue is fixed in version 1.8.235.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 01:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7652 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-106444 (GCVE-0-2026-106444)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 19:01 – Updated: 2026-10-06 19:48
VLAI
Title
Handlebars: JavaScript Injection via Unsafe Inline Embedding of Precompiled Templates
Summary
Handlebars provides the power necessary to let users build semantic templates. From 4.0.0 until 4.7.10, Handlebars.precompile() uses quotedString() in lib/handlebars/compiler/code-gen.js to emit static template text into generated JavaScript without escaping sequences that terminate an enclosing HTML script element. When an application precompiles attacker-controlled template text and embeds the generated source directly in an inline script element, a closing script delimiter can end the element and cause following attacker-controlled markup to be parsed and executed. Ordinary server-side rendering and precompiled templates served as external JavaScript files are not affected. This issue is fixed in version 4.7.10.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 19:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7652 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
handlebars-lang handlebars.js Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.7.10
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-106107 (GCVE-0-2026-106107)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 17:26 – Updated: 2026-10-06 19:29
VLAI
Title
Quasar Framework: App Vite SSR and SSG nonce attributes are not safely constrained
Summary
Quasar Framework is a framework for building high-performance Vue.js user interfaces. Prior to 3.3.0, several @quasar/app-vite SSR and SSG rendering paths interpolated ssrContext.nonce directly into quoted HTML attributes. An application that derives or overrides this value with attacker-controlled data can allow a quote to terminate the nonce attribute and inject additional attributes or markup into generated HTML across development and production SSR or SSG output. Cryptographically generated base64 or base64url nonces are not affected because they lack HTML attribute delimiters. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 19:25 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7652 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-106102 (GCVE-0-2026-106102)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 17:07 – Updated: 2026-10-06 17:39
VLAI
Title
Quasar Framework: Stored/Reflected XSS via unescaped SSR meta tag rendering in getHead()
Summary
Quasar Framework is a framework for building high-performance Vue.js user interfaces. Prior to 2.22.0, the SSR-only getHead() serializer in ui/src/plugins/meta/Meta.js used getAttr() to interpolate values supplied through useMeta() into title, meta, link, and script markup without HTML text or quoted-attribute encoding. injectServerMeta() appended that output to the raw server-rendered response. An attacker who can influence dynamic page metadata, such as a post title, product name, excerpt, or display name, can terminate the intended HTML context and inject executable markup before hydration. The client-side apply() path is not affected because it uses DOM APIs that encode attributes. This issue is fixed in version 2.22.0.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 17:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7652 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
quasarframework quasar Affected: < 2.22.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-105801 (GCVE-0-2026-105801)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 14:53 – Updated: 2026-10-09 01:06
VLAI
Title
openapi-python-client: Malicious OpenAPI Documents can cause Arbitrary Code Generation
Summary
openapi-python-client generates Python clients from OpenAPI documents. Prior to 0.29.1, the generator does not safely neutralize malicious OpenAPI document content before rendering string, docstring, and f-string contexts in generated Python. The generated Python client can contain attacker-controlled Python that executes when a user imports the client, affecting the importing environment's integrity and potentially its confidentiality and availability. This issue is fixed in version 0.29.1.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-09 01:06 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7652 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
  • Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

  • If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
  • For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).

Mitigation
Requirements

Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.

Mitigation
Implementation

When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.

CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting

An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.

CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename

An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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