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            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
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          },
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            "value": "RHSA-2026:44385: Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6)"
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            "time": "2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z",
            "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
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            "time": "2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z",
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        "title": "kernel: xfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete",
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              "versionType": "semver"
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete\n\nKASAN reproduces a slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete()\u0027s\nhlist_del_rcu calls under syzkaller load on linux-6.12.y stable\n(reproduced on 6.12.47, also reachable via the same code path on\ntorvalds/master and on the ipsec tree). Nine unique signatures cluster\nin the xfrm_state lifecycle, the load-bearing one being:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __hlist_del include/linux/list.h:990 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in hlist_del_rcu include/linux/rculist.h:516 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\n  Write of size 8 at addr ffff8881198bcb70 by task kworker/u8:9/435\n\n  Workqueue: netns cleanup_net\n  Call Trace:\n   __hlist_del / hlist_del_rcu\n   __xfrm_state_delete\n   xfrm_state_delete\n   xfrm_state_flush\n   xfrm_state_fini\n   ops_exit_list\n   cleanup_net\n\nThe other observed signatures hit the same slab object from\n__xfrm_state_lookup, xfrm_alloc_spi, __xfrm_state_insert and an OOB\nwrite variant of __xfrm_state_delete, all on the byseq/byspi\nhash chains.\n\n__xfrm_state_delete() guards its byseq and byspi unhashes with\nvalue-based predicates:\n\n\tif (x-\u003ekm.seq)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(\u0026x-\u003ebyseq);\n\tif (x-\u003eid.spi)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(\u0026x-\u003ebyspi);\n\nwhile everywhere else in the file (e.g. state_cache, state_cache_input)\nthe safer hlist_unhashed() check is used. xfrm_alloc_spi() sets\nx-\u003eid.spi = newspi inside xfrm_state_lock and then immediately inserts\ninto byspi, but a path that observes x-\u003eid.spi != 0 outside of\nxfrm_state_lock can still skip-or-hit the byspi unhash inconsistently\nwith whether x is actually on the list. The same holds for x-\u003ekm.seq\nversus byseq, and the bydst/bysrc unhashes have no predicate at all,\nso a second __xfrm_state_delete() on the same object writes through\nLIST_POISON pprev.\n\nThe defensive change here:\n\n  - Use hlist_del_init_rcu() instead of hlist_del_rcu() on bydst,\n    bysrc, byseq and byspi so a second deletion is a no-op rather\n    than a write through LIST_POISON pprev. The byseq/byspi nodes\n    are already initialised in xfrm_state_alloc().\n  - Test hlist_unhashed() rather than the value predicate for\n    byseq/byspi, so the unhash decision tracks list state rather than\n    mutable scalar fields.\n\nEmpirical verification: applied this patch on top of v6.12.47, rebuilt,\nand re-ran the same syzkaller harness for 1h16m on a previously-crashy\nconfiguration that produced ~100 hits each of slab-use-after-free\nRead in xfrm_alloc_spi / Read in __xfrm_state_lookup / Write in\n__xfrm_state_delete. After the patch, 7.1M execs across 32 VMs at\n~1550 exec/sec produced zero xfrm_state UAF/OOB hits. /proc/slabinfo\nconfirms the xfrm_state slab is actively allocated and freed during\nthe run (~143 KiB resident), so the fuzzer is still exercising those\ncode paths -- they just no longer crash.\n\nReproduction:\n\n  - Linux 6.12.47 x86_64 + KASAN_GENERIC + KASAN_INLINE + KCOV\n  - syzkaller @ 746545b8b1e4c3a128db8652b340d3df90ce61db\n  - 32 QEMU/KVM VMs x 2 vCPU on AWS c5.metal bare metal\n  - 9 unique signatures collected in ~9h, all within xfrm_state\n    lifecycle"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The xfrm_state lifecycle is reached through the NETLINK_XFRM and PF_KEY socket interfaces (local syscalls); the freed object and the race are set up by the attacker\u0027s local state-management operations, not by remote packets.\nAC:L - Although it is a race/double-free, the attacker controls all racing actors (concurrent DELSA/ALLOCSPI/FLUSHSA threads plus namespace teardown they trigger) and can repeat indefinitely; syzkaller hit it ~100 times per hour, so a targeted trigger is reliable.\nPR:L - All xfrm operations require CAP_NET_ADMIN, but the check is against the netns user namespace, so an unprivileged user obtains it via `unshare -Urn` and exercises the per-netns xfrm_state path.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all state creation, deletion and namespace teardown itself; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel\u0027s own slab memory within the same security authority; it is not a hypervisor or IOMMU boundary crossing.\nC:H - The slab-use-after-free gives the attacker control over freed xfrm_state contents and read-UAF sites (xfrm_alloc_spi/__xfrm_state_lookup), enabling arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The UAF/OOB writes an attacker-influenced 8-byte list pointer into freed/adjacent slab memory, providing a heap write primitive leveragable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The slab-use-after-free and out-of-bounds writes corrupt kernel hash chains, reliably causing oops/panic and bringing the kernel down."
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b4dc3181b4bfc5f5fc33ab33b1dc6e15759f4b6"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3943fcad7694a7d0b15aeabe7d3cc2a2eb8e92e8"
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\neventpoll: fix ep_remove struct eventpoll / struct file UAF\n\nep_remove() (via ep_remove_file()) cleared file-\u003ef_ep under\nfile-\u003ef_lock but then kept using @file inside the critical section\n(is_file_epoll(), hlist_del_rcu() through the head, spin_unlock).\nA concurrent __fput() taking the eventpoll_release() fastpath in\nthat window observed the transient NULL, skipped\neventpoll_release_file() and ran to f_op-\u003erelease / file_free().\n\nFor the epoll-watches-epoll case, f_op-\u003erelease is\nep_eventpoll_release() -\u003e ep_clear_and_put() -\u003e ep_free(), which\nkfree()s the watched struct eventpoll. Its embedded -\u003erefs\nhlist_head is exactly where epi-\u003efllink.pprev points, so the\nsubsequent hlist_del_rcu()\u0027s \"*pprev = next\" scribbles into freed\nkmalloc-192 memory.\n\nIn addition, struct file is SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, so the slot\nbacking @file could be recycled by alloc_empty_file() --\nreinitializing f_lock and f_ep -- while ep_remove() is still\nnominally inside that lock. The upshot is an attacker-controllable\nkmem_cache_free() against the wrong slab cache.\n\nPin @file via epi_fget() at the top of ep_remove() and gate the\ncritical section on the pin succeeding. With the pin held @file\ncannot reach refcount zero, which holds __fput() off and\ntransitively keeps the watched struct eventpoll alive across the\nhlist_del_rcu() and the f_lock use, closing both UAFs.\n\nIf the pin fails @file has already reached refcount zero and its\n__fput() is in flight. Because we bailed before clearing f_ep,\nthat path takes the eventpoll_release() slow path into\neventpoll_release_file() and blocks on ep-\u003emtx until the waiter\nside\u0027s ep_clear_and_put() drops it. The bailed epi\u0027s share of\nep-\u003erefcount stays intact, so the trailing ep_refcount_dec_and_test()\nin ep_clear_and_put() cannot free the eventpoll out from under\neventpoll_release_file(); the orphaned epi is then cleaned up\nthere.\n\nA successful pin also proves we are not racing\neventpoll_release_file() on this epi, so drop the now-redundant\nre-check of epi-\u003edying under f_lock. The cheap lockless\nREAD_ONCE(epi-\u003edying) fast-path bailout stays."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\npstore/ram: fix buffer overflow in persistent_ram_save_old()\n\npersistent_ram_save_old() can be called multiple times for the same\npersistent_ram_zone (e.g., via ramoops_pstore_read -\u003e ramoops_get_next_prz\nfor PSTORE_TYPE_DMESG records).\n\nCurrently, the function only allocates prz-\u003eold_log when it is NULL,\nbut it unconditionally updates prz-\u003eold_log_size to the current buffer\nsize and then performs memcpy_fromio() using this new size. If the\nbuffer size has grown since the first allocation (which can happen\nacross different kernel boot cycles), this leads to:\n\n1. A heap buffer overflow (OOB write) in the memcpy_fromio() calls\n2. A subsequent OOB read when ramoops_pstore_read() accesses the buffer\n   using the incorrect (larger) old_log_size\n\nThe KASAN splat would look similar to:\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in ramoops_pstore_read+0x...\n  Read of size N at addr ... by task ...\n\nThe conditions are likely extremely hard to hit:\n\n  0. Crash with a ramoops write of less-than-record-max-size bytes.\n  1. Reboot: ramoops registers, pstore_get_records(0) reads old crash,\n     allocates old_log with size X\n  2. Crash handler registered, timer started (if pstore_update_ms \u003e= 0)\n  3. Oops happens (non-fatal, system continues)\n  4. pstore_dump() writes oops via ramoops_pstore_write() size Y (\u003eX)\n  5. pstore_new_entry = 1, pstore_timer_kick() called\n  6. System continues running (not a panic oops)\n  7. Timer fires after pstore_update_ms milliseconds\n  8. pstore_timefunc() \u2192 schedule_work() \u2192 pstore_dowork() \u2192 pstore_get_records(1)\n  9. ramoops_get_next_prz() \u2192 persistent_ram_save_old()\n 10. buffer_size() returns Y, but old_log is X bytes\n 11. Y \u003e X: memcpy_fromio() overflows heap\n\n  Requirements:\n  - a prior crash record exists that did not fill the record size\n    (almost impossible since the crash handler writes as much as it\n    can possibly fit into the record, capped by max record size and\n    the kmsg buffer almost always exceeds the max record size)\n  - pstore_update_ms \u003e= 0 (disabled by default)\n  - Non-fatal oops (system survives)\n\nFree and reallocate the buffer when the new size differs from the\npreviously allocated size. This ensures old_log always has sufficient\nspace for the data being copied."
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              "value": "AV:L - The overflow is reached only from in-kernel pstore/ramoops paths (boot init, kmsg-dump oops handling, pstore timer workqueue, or pstore filesystem rescan via mount), not from any network, adjacent-radio, or physical-device interface.\nAC:L - Once ramoops is present (common on Android, ChromeOS, and embedded targets), a local actor who can trigger a survivable oops and influence kmsg volume can drive the size mismatch; the second `persistent_ram_save_old()` call is then triggered deterministically by the pstore update timer or a pstore remount/rescan without depending on uncontrollable memory layout or victim timing.\nPR:L - Exploitation does not require real init-namespace root: an unprivileged local user (or sandboxed code with a kernel bug primitive) can provoke the non-fatal oops that enlarges the persistent RAM record, while the actual overflow fires later in kernel context during automatic pstore rescan or when crash-log collection runs.\nUI:N - No end-user or administrator action is required on the timer-driven path (`pstore_update_ms` enabled): after the oops is logged, the kernel timer/workqueue automatically rescans records and invokes the vulnerable copy without further interaction.\nS:U - The bug corrupts kernel heap memory inside the same kernel security domain; it does not by itself cross a VM, container, or IOMMU boundary to affect a separate authority.\nC:H - The flaw performs an out-of-bounds heap write via `memcpy_fromio()` and then exposes an out-of-bounds read through the inflated `old_log_size` in `ramoops_pstore_read()`, giving memory-corruption primitives that can disclose adjacent kernel heap contents.\nI:H - The out-of-bounds write into a `kvzalloc()`-allocated shadow buffer is classic kernel heap corruption that can be leveraged for arbitrary memory modification and potential control-flow hijack, not merely a bounded data alteration.\nA:H - The overflow is detected as a slab out-of-bounds condition (KASAN splat) and can panic or oops the kernel during the copy or subsequent read, causing complete loss of availability on affected systems."
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/ipv4/icmp.c",
            "net/ipv6/icmp.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.12"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.12",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.187",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.128",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.75",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.14",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.19.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.0",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.187",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.128",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.75",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.14",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ninet: RAW sockets using IPPROTO_RAW MUST drop incoming ICMP\n\nYizhou Zhao reported that simply having one RAW socket on protocol\nIPPROTO_RAW (255) was dangerous.\n\n  socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 255);\n\nA malicious incoming ICMP packet can set the protocol field to 255\nand match this socket, leading to FNHE cache changes.\n\ninner = IP(src=\"192.168.2.1\", dst=\"8.8.8.8\", proto=255)/Raw(\"TEST\")\npkt = IP(src=\"192.168.1.1\", dst=\"192.168.2.1\")/ICMP(type=3, code=4, nexthopmtu=576)/inner\n\n\"man 7 raw\" states:\n\n  A protocol of IPPROTO_RAW implies enabled IP_HDRINCL and is able\n  to send any IP protocol that is specified in the passed header.\n  Receiving of all IP protocols via IPPROTO_RAW is not possible\n  using raw sockets.\n\nMake sure we drop these malicious packets."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The bug is reached when a remotely sourced ICMP error (DEST_UNREACH/FRAG_NEEDED or REDIRECT) is received and processed through icmp_rcv() \u2192 icmp_unreach()/icmp_redirect() \u2192 icmp_socket_deliver(), which is standard internet-facing IPv4 input on any host accepting ICMP.\nAC:L - Exploitation is a single, deterministic crafted ICMP packet (inner IP proto=255, attacker-chosen daddr/PMTU) matching an open IPPROTO_RAW socket; an attacker can reliably create that socket via CAP_NET_RAW in a user+network namespace (unshare -Urn) without winning a race.\nPR:N - The network trigger requires no authentication or victim credentials\u2014only delivery of forged ICMP to the target IP; the remote attacker does not need local privileges even though a local IPPROTO_RAW socket must exist on the victim (typically opened by a daemon or a co-resident userns holder).\nUI:N - No victim user action is required beyond normal network operation; the attacker sends ICMP directly to the host without tricking anyone into clicking, mounting, or opening files.\nS:U - Impact is confined to the kernel IPv4 routing/FNHE cache within the same network namespace; it does not cross a VM/hypervisor or IOMMU security boundary.\nC:N - This is a missing validation/logic bug that poisons route-cache metadata (PMTU/gateway); there is no memory read, pointer leak, or information-disclosure primitive.\nI:H - Before the fix, raw_err() unconditionally calls ipv4_sk_update_pmtu()/ipv4_sk_redirect(), letting a remote attacker inject attacker-controlled PMTU and gateway values into the system-wide FNHE exception cache for arbitrary destination addresses, altering forwarding for all local traffic to those destinations.\nA:H - Repeated forged ICMP FRAG_NEEDED packets can persistently force minimum PMTU entries in FNHE for chosen destinations, causing severe throughput collapse and connectivity failure for affected flows across the entire host or shared network namespace."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-02T12:49:33.535Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/47276297140ee6712646f9b19fb04fe26daedd01"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db76b75ede3810e7cf9cfea5067d4f3e0993768b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19e42490c89bac9a388f28179e66bebbef350f99"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/531c1aec81bfe19d00af13da5531fbb8209e4bd2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/719d3932b8f6e3348ce2f0ac58e278301fc17575"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c89477ad79446867394360b29bb801010fc3ff22"
        }
      ],
      "title": "inet: RAW sockets using IPPROTO_RAW MUST drop incoming ICMP",
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        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-46266",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-03T15:50:07.907Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.108Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-02T12:49:33.535Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}