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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nRevert \"wireguard: device: enable threaded NAPI\"\n\nThis reverts commit 933466fc50a8e4eb167acbd0d8ec96a078462e9c which is\ncommit db9ae3b6b43c79b1ba87eea849fd65efa05b4b2e upstream.\n\nWe have had three independent production user reports in combination\nwith Cilium utilizing WireGuard as encryption underneath that k8s Pod\nE/W traffic to certain peer nodes fully stalled. The situation appears\nas follows:\n\n  - Occurs very rarely but at random times under heavy networking load.\n  - Once the issue triggers the decryption side stops working completely\n    for that WireGuard peer, other peers keep working fine. The stall\n    happens also for newly initiated connections towards that particular\n    WireGuard peer.\n  - Only the decryption side is affected, never the encryption side.\n  - Once it triggers, it never recovers and remains in this state,\n    the CPU/mem on that node looks normal, no leak, busy loop or crash.\n  - bpftrace on the affected system shows that wg_prev_queue_enqueue\n    fails, thus the MAX_QUEUED_PACKETS (1024 skbs!) for the peer\u0027s\n    rx_queue is reached.\n  - Also, bpftrace shows that wg_packet_rx_poll for that peer is never\n    called again after reaching this state for that peer. For other\n    peers wg_packet_rx_poll does get called normally.\n  - Commit db9ae3b (\"wireguard: device: enable threaded NAPI\")\n    switched WireGuard to threaded NAPI by default. The default has\n    not been changed for triggering the issue, neither did CPU\n    hotplugging occur (i.e. 5bd8de2 (\"wireguard: queueing: always\n    return valid online CPU in wg_cpumask_choose_online()\")).\n  - The issue has been observed with stable kernels of v5.15 as well as\n    v6.1. It was reported to us that v5.10 stable is working fine, and\n    no report on v6.6 stable either (somewhat related discussion in [0]\n    though).\n  - In the WireGuard driver the only material difference between v5.10\n    stable and v5.15 stable is the switch to threaded NAPI by default.\n\n    [0] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/CA+wXwBTT74RErDGAnj98PqS=wvdh8eM1pi4q6tTdExtjnokKqA@mail.gmail.com/\n\nBreakdown of the problem:\n\n  1) skbs arriving for decryption are enqueued to the peer-\u003erx_queue in\n     wg_packet_consume_data via wg_queue_enqueue_per_device_and_peer.\n  2) The latter only moves the skb into the MPSC peer queue if it does\n     not surpass MAX_QUEUED_PACKETS (1024) which is kept track in an\n     atomic counter via wg_prev_queue_enqueue.\n  3) In case enqueueing was successful, the skb is also queued up\n     in the device queue, round-robin picks a next online CPU, and\n     schedules the decryption worker.\n  4) The wg_packet_decrypt_worker, once scheduled, picks these up\n     from the queue, decrypts the packets and once done calls into\n     wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer_rx.\n  5) The latter updates the state to PACKET_STATE_CRYPTED on success\n     and calls napi_schedule on the per peer-\u003enapi instance.\n  6) NAPI then polls via wg_packet_rx_poll. wg_prev_queue_peek checks\n     on the peer-\u003erx_queue. It will wg_prev_queue_dequeue if the\n     queue-\u003epeeked skb was not cached yet, or just return the latter\n     otherwise. (wg_prev_queue_drop_peeked later clears the cache.)\n  7) From an ordering perspective, the peer-\u003erx_queue has skbs in order\n     while the device queue with the per-CPU worker threads from a\n     global ordering PoV can finish the decryption and signal the skb\n     PACKET_STATE_CRYPTED out of order.\n  8) A situation can be observed that the first packet coming in will\n     be stuck waiting for the decryption worker to be scheduled for\n     a longer time when the system is under pressure.\n  9) While this is the case, the other CPUs in the meantime finish\n     decryption and call into napi_schedule.\n 10) Now in wg_packet_rx_poll it picks up the first in-order skb\n     from the peer-\u003erx_queue and sees that its state is still\n     PACKET_STATE_UNCRYPTED. The NAPI poll routine then exits e\n---truncated---"
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable path is reached by inbound WireGuard UDP data packets processed by the kernel receive path. In severe reasonable deployments such as Kubernetes/Cilium WireGuard encryption, a remote peer/workload can drive this over the network.\nAC:L - The trigger requires high WireGuard receive load and packet/decrypt scheduling interleaving, but the attacker can repeatedly create that load with concurrent network traffic. The race is therefore attacker-influenced rather than dependent on a fixed external condition.\nPR:N - No local privileges on the vulnerable host are required to reach the receive/decrypt/NAPI path. A remote entity able to send traffic through an already configured WireGuard peer can trigger the condition.\nUI:N - No victim user action is required after the WireGuard interface and peer are operating. Network traffic alone drives the vulnerable receive path.\nS:U - The impact remains within the vulnerable kernel/networking security authority. This is not a VM escape, sandbox escape, or cross-scope boundary bypass.\nC:N - The bug is a queue/NAPI forward-progress stall, not a memory disclosure or memory corruption issue. The investigation found no read primitive or leaked data.\nI:N - The affected code stalls per-peer receive processing and drops later packets, but it does not modify attacker-chosen data or corrupt memory. No arbitrary write, control-flow hijack, or data tampering primitive is indicated.\nA:H - Once triggered, decryption for the affected WireGuard peer stops indefinitely and new connections to that peer fail because the receive queue remains full. This can fully deny availability of WireGuard-protected traffic for that peer/node until administrative recovery."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: smc: fix splice entry lifetime imbalance in smc_rx_splice\n\nsmc_rx_splice() passes pages to splice_to_pipe() before taking the\nreferences that cover the lifetime of each splice entry. In the\nVM-backed RMB path, splice_to_pipe() may drop unqueued entries through\nsmc_rx_spd_release(), while queued entries are released later via the\npipe buffer callback.\n\nThe old post-splice accounting also derives the number of queued VM pages\nfrom an offset mutated while building the descriptor, and a multi-page\nsplice pairs one sock_hold() with multiple sock_put() calls.\n\nTake the page and socket references for every candidate entry before\nsplice_to_pipe(), and drop the matching private state, page reference,\nand socket reference from smc_rx_spd_release() for entries that never\nget queued. This fixes a refcount imbalance that can underflow page\nrefcounts and trigger a use-after-free."
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              "value": "AV:L - smc_rx_splice is only reached via splice()/tee() on an SMC socket FD (syscall -\u003e smc_splice_read -\u003e smc_rx_recvmsg with pipe set); remote SMC peers can supply receive-buffer data but cannot execute the vulnerable splice path without a local process invoking splice on that socket.\nAC:L - The attacker controls splice length, can nearly fill the destination pipe to force splice_to_pipe to drop unqueued entries via smc_rx_spd_release, and can hit the multi-page VM-backed RMB path (smcr_buf_type or mixed-buffer vmalloc fallback); no timing race or external victim state is required.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires only completing an SMC session as a network peer to a victim that reads with splice (common zero-copy SMC pattern); no local account, capabilities, or namespace-admin rights on the victim host are needed beyond normal remote connectivity to the SMC service.\nUI:N - No per-exploit victim action is needed beyond an application already using splice on SMC receive; a malicious peer can deliver the receive data while the victim\u0027s normal automated splice path triggers the refcount imbalance without prompts or manual steps.\nS:U - Impact is kernel page refcount underflow and use-after-free within the same kernel security boundary, enabling privilege escalation or crash on the host; it does not cross VM, IOMMU, or sandbox authority boundaries.\nC:H - Refcount imbalance lets smc_rx_spd_release and pipe-buffer teardown free pages while still referenced, creating a UAF on RMB pages that can be turned into arbitrary kernel memory disclosure via heap reuse and spraying.\nI:H - Corrupted page lifetime and dangling pipe_buffer state enable heap metadata corruption and arbitrary kernel writes from the UAF primitive, supporting control-flow hijacking and local privilege escalation.\nA:H - Page refcount underflow and UAF during splice teardown can cause immediate kernel oops/panic; repeated splice from an SMC peer reliably triggers denial-of-service even when full exploitation is not attempted."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nRDMA/rxe: Fix OOB in free_rd_atomic_resources()\n\nfree_rd_atomic_resources() iterates using qp-\u003eattr.max_dest_rd_atomic.\nUpdating max_dest_rd_atomic before freeing the old array can make the\nfree path walk past the old allocation and trigger a slab out-of-bounds\nwrite catched by KASAN:\n==================================================================\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in free_rd_atomic_resource drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_qp.c:180 [inline]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in free_rd_atomic_resources drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_qp.c:171 [inline]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in free_rd_atomic_resources drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_qp.c:163 [inline]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in rxe_qp_from_attr+0x1e88/0x2150 drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_qp.c:712\nWrite of size 4 at addr ffff88802b8dddb8 by task syz.3.451/11063\n\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 11063 Comm: syz.3.451 Not tainted 7.1.0 #2 PREEMPT(full)\nHardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC v2 (i440FX + PIIX, arch_caps fix, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n dump_stack_lvl+0x10e/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]\n print_report+0xf7/0x600 mm/kasan/report.c:482\n kasan_report+0xe4/0x120 mm/kasan/report.c:595\n free_rd_atomic_resource drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_qp.c:180 [inline]\n free_rd_atomic_resources drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_qp.c:171 [inline]\n free_rd_atomic_resources drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_qp.c:163 [inline]\n rxe_qp_from_attr+0x1e88/0x2150 drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_qp.c:712\n rxe_modify_qp+0x1e2/0x530 drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_verbs.c:623\n ib_security_modify_qp+0x223/0xfa0 drivers/infiniband/core/security.c:625\n _ib_modify_qp+0x333/0xec0 drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:1915\n modify_qp+0x13ca/0x1940 drivers/infiniband/core/uverbs_cmd.c:1932\n ib_uverbs_modify_qp+0xcb/0x120 drivers/infiniband/core/uverbs_cmd.c:1958\n ib_uverbs_write+0xb86/0x1030 drivers/infiniband/core/uverbs_main.c:680\n vfs_write+0x2aa/0x1070 fs/read_write.c:686\n ksys_write+0x1f8/0x250 fs/read_write.c:740\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0x116/0x800 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\nRIP: 0033:0x7fefc75a70cd\nCode: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 b0 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48\nRSP: 002b:00007fefc8495018 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001\nRAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fefc7835fa0 RCX: 00007fefc75a70cd\nRDX: 0000000000000078 RSI: 0000200000000240 RDI: 0000000000000007\nRBP: 00007fefc764f10f R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000\nR10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000\nR13: 00007fefc7836038 R14: 00007fefc7835fa0 R15: 00007ffcf0586aa0\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nAllocated by task 11063:\n kasan_save_stack+0x33/0x60 mm/kasan/common.c:57\n kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30 mm/kasan/common.c:78\n poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:398 [inline]\n __kasan_kmalloc+0xaa/0xb0 mm/kasan/common.c:415\n kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:263 [inline]\n __do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:5296 [inline]\n __kmalloc_noprof+0x32a/0x850 mm/slub.c:5308\n kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:954 [inline]\n kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1188 [inline]\n alloc_rd_atomic_resources drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_qp.c:155 [inline]\n rxe_qp_from_attr+0x3f8/0x2150 drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_qp.c:714\n rxe_modify_qp+0x1e2/0x530 drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_verbs.c:623\n ib_security_modify_qp+0x223/0xfa0 drivers/infiniband/core/security.c:625\n _ib_modify_qp+0x333/0xec0 drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:1915\n modify_qp+0x13ca/0x1940 drivers/infiniband/core/uverbs_cmd.c:1932\n ib_uverbs_modify_qp+0xcb/0x120 drivers/infiniband/core/uverbs_cmd.c:1958\n ib_uverbs_write+0xb86/0x1030 drivers/infiniband/core/uverbs_ma\n---truncated---"
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              "version": "7.2.3",
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      "title": "RDMA/rxe: Fix responder UAF on IB_QP_MAX_DEST_RD_ATOMIC modify_qp",
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    "datePublished": "2026-09-04T15:55:18.791Z",
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ni3c: master: svc: bound IBI payload to the requested max_payload_len\n\nsvc_i3c_master_handle_ibi() reads the IBI payload from the RX FIFO into\nthe IBI slot. The loop is bounded by the hardware FIFO size\n(SVC_I3C_FIFO_SIZE), not by the slot size.\n\nslot-\u003edata points into the IBI pool, which i3c_generic_ibi_alloc_pool()\nsizes at max_payload_len per slot. svc_i3c_master_request_ibi() only\nrejects a max_payload_len larger than SVC_I3C_FIFO_SIZE, so a driver can\nrequest a smaller one. mctp-i3c requests 1. Each readsb() then copies the\ncontroller RXCOUNT bytes (up to 31) with no check against the slot size.\nA device that sends more bytes than the slot holds writes past\nslot-\u003edata, an out-of-bounds write into the IBI pool.\n\nBound the loop by dev-\u003eibi-\u003emax_payload_len and clamp each read to the\nspace left in the slot, the same way dw-i3c does. A device can still send\nmore than the requested payload. Flush the leftover bytes from the RX FIFO\nso they do not leak into the next transfer."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nALSA: seq: midi: Serialize input teardown with event_input\n\nsnd_midi_input_event() must not be running while a rawmidi substream is\nclosing, since this can lead to the trigger state becoming out-of-step\nthrough this sequence in snd_rawmidi_input_trigger():\n\n\tsnd_rawmidi_input_trigger(up=0)\n\t\t\t\t\tsnd_midi_input_event()\n\t\t\t\t\t -\u003e snd_rawmidi_kernel_read()\n\t\t\t\t\t     -\u003e snd_rawmidi_input_trigger(up=1)\n\t  -\u003e cancel_work_sync()\n\nwhich ends with the underlying device being active unexpectedly.\n\nWhen this is called from close_substream(), further input can re-trigger\nthe input event leaving it running after rawmidi_release_priv() has set\nrfile-\u003ermidi to NULL which leads to:\n\n\tUnable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000000000000b0\n\tCall trace:\n\t snd_midi_input_event+0x3c/0x134 [snd_seq_midi] (P)\n\t snd_rawmidi_input_event_work+0x1c/0x2c\n\t process_one_work+0x150/0x3a4\n\t worker_thread+0x190/0x318\n\nApply a similar approach to commit ef7607ab1c8ad (\"ALSA: seq: midi:\nSerialize output teardown with event_input\") which fixed the same issue\nin the output direction, but updated to use RCU following Takashi Iwai\u0027s\nproposed follow-on patch [1].\n\nWith this change in place, midisynth_unsubscribe() clears the input file\nso snd_midi_input_event() will not re-trigger the stream and will be\nquiesced by the cancel_work_sync() in snd_rawmidi_input_trigger().\n\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-sound/20260813144224.753399-1-tiwai@suse.de/"
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              "value": "AV:L - The race is reached from a local sequencer client: snd_seq_open() on /dev/snd/seq, SNDRV_SEQ_IOCTL_SUBSCRIBE_PORT (midisynth_subscribe) to open the rawmidi input, then SNDRV_SEQ_IOCTL_UNSUBSCRIBE_PORT or client close (midisynth_unsubscribe -\u003e snd_rawmidi_kernel_release). Bytes that schedule snd_midi_input_event come from the bound rawmidi device, not a network or radio protocol.\nAC:L - The attacker owns teardown (last unsubscribe/close) and starts input by subscribing: midisynth_subscribe sets runtime-\u003eevent to snd_midi_input_event and snd_rawmidi_kernel_read() triggers the device. Concurrent snd_midi_input_event can re-call snd_rawmidi_input_trigger(up=1) during close_substream\u0027s trigger(up=0)/cancel_work_sync window. Repeating subscribe/unsubscribe on that live port makes the race retryable.\nPR:L - snd_seq_open() has no capable() check. check_subscription_permission() allows any sequencer client to subscribe to seq_midi ports because they advertise SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ|SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_READ. Typical DAC on /dev/snd/seq is audio-group/uaccess, so an unprivileged local user suffices; init-namespace root is not required.\nUI:N - The attacker opens their own /dev/snd/seq client, creates a destination port, issues SNDRV_SEQ_IOCTL_SUBSCRIBE_PORT to a seq_midi input port, and then unsubscribes or closes to run midisynth_unsubscribe. No other user must mount, click, or open a file.\nS:U - The UAF/NULL deref is in kernel rawmidi lifetime (close_substream/snd_rawmidi_runtime_free versus snd_rawmidi_input_event_work calling snd_midi_input_event). That is local kernel memory corruption in the same OS authority, not a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox escape.\nC:H - After cancel_work_sync, a re-triggered device can schedule runtime-\u003eevent_work; close_substream then kfree()s snd_rawmidi_runtime while the work later does container_of() and calls runtime-\u003eevent. Use-after-free of that heap object enables arbitrary reads via heap reuse of the freed runtime.\nI:H - The freed snd_rawmidi_runtime embeds event_work and the runtime-\u003eevent function pointer that snd_rawmidi_input_event_work invokes. Heap spraying that object lets an attacker hijack the callback for arbitrary kernel write or control-flow hijack, not merely a one-shot crash.\nA:H - The reported crash is a NULL deref in snd_midi_input_event from snd_rawmidi_input_event_work after rawmidi_release_priv() nulls the file and close_substream frees runtime, which oopses the kernel and can be retried with subscribe/unsubscribe cycles."
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