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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: Always flush async #PF workqueue when vCPU is being destroyed\n\nAlways flush the per-vCPU async #PF workqueue when a vCPU is clearing its\ncompletion queue, e.g. when a VM and all its vCPUs is being destroyed.\nKVM must ensure that none of its workqueue callbacks is running when the\nlast reference to the KVM _module_ is put.  Gifting a reference to the\nassociated VM prevents the workqueue callback from dereferencing freed\nvCPU/VM memory, but does not prevent the KVM module from being unloaded\nbefore the callback completes.\n\nDrop the misguided VM refcount gifting, as calling kvm_put_kvm() from\nasync_pf_execute() if kvm_put_kvm() flushes the async #PF workqueue will\nresult in deadlock.  async_pf_execute() can\u0027t return until kvm_put_kvm()\nfinishes, and kvm_put_kvm() can\u0027t return until async_pf_execute() finishes:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 251 at virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1435 kvm_put_kvm+0x2d/0x320 [kvm]\n Modules linked in: vhost_net vhost vhost_iotlb tap kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n CPU: 8 PID: 251 Comm: kworker/8:1 Tainted: G        W          6.6.0-rc1-e7af8d17224a-x86/gmem-vm #119\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n Workqueue: events async_pf_execute [kvm]\n RIP: 0010:kvm_put_kvm+0x2d/0x320 [kvm]\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  async_pf_execute+0x198/0x260 [kvm]\n  process_one_work+0x145/0x2d0\n  worker_thread+0x27e/0x3a0\n  kthread+0xba/0xe0\n  ret_from_fork+0x2d/0x50\n  ret_from_fork_asm+0x11/0x20\n  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n INFO: task kworker/8:1:251 blocked for more than 120 seconds.\n       Tainted: G        W          6.6.0-rc1-e7af8d17224a-x86/gmem-vm #119\n \"echo 0 \u003e /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs\" disables this message.\n task:kworker/8:1     state:D stack:0     pid:251   ppid:2      flags:0x00004000\n Workqueue: events async_pf_execute [kvm]\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  __schedule+0x33f/0xa40\n  schedule+0x53/0xc0\n  schedule_timeout+0x12a/0x140\n  __wait_for_common+0x8d/0x1d0\n  __flush_work.isra.0+0x19f/0x2c0\n  kvm_clear_async_pf_completion_queue+0x129/0x190 [kvm]\n  kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0x78/0x1b0 [kvm]\n  kvm_put_kvm+0x1c1/0x320 [kvm]\n  async_pf_execute+0x198/0x260 [kvm]\n  process_one_work+0x145/0x2d0\n  worker_thread+0x27e/0x3a0\n  kthread+0xba/0xe0\n  ret_from_fork+0x2d/0x50\n  ret_from_fork_asm+0x11/0x20\n  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nIf kvm_clear_async_pf_completion_queue() actually flushes the workqueue,\nthen there\u0027s no need to gift async_pf_execute() a reference because all\ninvocations of async_pf_execute() will be forced to complete before the\nvCPU and its VM are destroyed/freed.  And that in turn fixes the module\nunloading bug as __fput() won\u0027t do module_put() on the last vCPU reference\nuntil the vCPU has been freed, e.g. if closing the vCPU file also puts the\nlast reference to the KVM module.\n\nNote that kvm_check_async_pf_completion() may also take the work item off\nthe completion queue and so also needs to flush the work queue, as the\nwork will not be seen by kvm_clear_async_pf_completion_queue().  Waiting\non the workqueue could theoretically delay a vCPU due to waiting for the\nwork to complete, but that\u0027s a very, very small chance, and likely a very\nsmall delay.  kvm_arch_async_page_present_queued() unconditionally makes a\nnew request, i.e. will effectively delay entering the guest, so the\nremaining work is really just:\n\n        trace_kvm_async_pf_completed(addr, cr2_or_gpa);\n\n        __kvm_vcpu_wake_up(vcpu);\n\n        mmput(mm);\n\nand mmput() can\u0027t drop the last reference to the page tables if the vCPU is\nstill alive, i.e. the vCPU won\u0027t get stuck tearing down page tables.\n\nAdd a helper to do the flushing, specifically to deal with \"wakeup all\"\nwork items, as they aren\u0027t actually work items, i.e. are never placed in a\nworkqueue.  Trying to flush a bogus workqueue entry rightly makes\n__flush_work() complain (kudos to whoever added that sanity check).\n\nNote, commit 5f6de5cbebee (\"KVM: Prevent module exit until al\n---truncated---"
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached exclusively through `/dev/kvm` ioctls (`KVM_CREATE_VM`/`KVM_CREATE_VCPU`/`KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION`/`KVM _RUN`) plus `close()` of the vCPU fd, all of which require an account on the host; there is no network, adjacent-network, or remote-peer data path into `virt/kvm/async_pf.c`.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the window \u2014 `madvise(MADV_PAGEOUT)` on its own guest memslot guarantees `__gfn_to_pfn_memslot()` returns async, queueing up to `ASYNC_PF_PER_VCPU` (64) work items per vCPU that each sleep in `get_user_pages_remote()` for the whole swap-in latency, while `close()` of the vCPU fd drives `__fput()`\u2192`module_put()` at a moment of the attacker\u0027s choosing. Nothing depends on a memory layout or system state the attacker cannot influence, and the flaw is unconditional on x86 since `CONFIG_KVM_ASYNC_PF` is `select`ed by `CONFIG_KVM`.\nPR:L - No capability check exists anywhere on the path \u2014 `kvm_dev_ioctl(KVM_CREATE_VM)`, `kvm_setup_async_pf()`, and vCPU teardown are all reachable by any user holding an open `/dev/kvm`, which distros grant to the ordinary `kvm` group and container/CI images commonly expose world-writable. The entire unsafe state that constitutes the bug \u2014 KVM module code still executing after the last `module_put()` \u2014 is created with zero privileges, so PR:L is selected as the higher-severity option over PR:H.\nUI:N - No victim action such as mounting a filesystem, opening a device, or plugging in hardware is required; `kvm_clear_async_pf_completion_queue()` and the premature `module_put()` run automatically from `__fput()`/`kvm_destroy_vm()` when the attacker\u0027s own process exits.\nS:U - The stale work callback and the freed module text/`async_pf_cache` slab are both host-kernel resources, so the flaw and its impact stay within a single security authority \u2014 this is a host-internal module-lifetime bug, not a guest-to-host or IOMMU boundary escape.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free in which `process_one_work()` dispatches `worker-\u003ecurrent_func()` into a freed vmalloc module region and `async_pf_execute()` continues touching `struct kvm_async_pf` after `kmem_cache_destroy()` has released the slab; controlling the reallocated module-alloc/vmalloc contents yields kernel-mode execution and thus arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The stale callback writes through the freed object (`list_add_tail(\u0026apf-\u003elink, ...)`, `apf-\u003evcpu = NULL`) into slab pages already returned to the allocator and reissued to other consumers, and executing a freed function pointer as kernel text is a direct control-flow hijack primitive \u2014 both are arbitrary-write class outcomes.\nA:H - Jumping into unmapped or repurposed vmalloc memory produces an immediate oops/panic, `kmem_cache_destroy()` on the still-populated `async_pf_cache` corrupts allocator state, and the same path drives full `kvm_destroy_vm()` teardown from a shared `system_wq` worker, which the commit\u0027s own trace shows wedging a kworker for more than 120 seconds."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: arm64: Unconditionally save+flush host FPSIMD/SVE/SME state\n\nThere are several problems with the way hyp code lazily saves the host\u0027s\nFPSIMD/SVE state, including:\n\n* Host SVE being discarded unexpectedly due to inconsistent\n  configuration of TIF_SVE and CPACR_ELx.ZEN. This has been seen to\n  result in QEMU crashes where SVE is used by memmove(), as reported by\n  Eric Auger:\n\n  https://issues.redhat.com/browse/RHEL-68997\n\n* Host SVE state is discarded *after* modification by ptrace, which was an\n  unintentional ptrace ABI change introduced with lazy discarding of SVE state.\n\n* The host FPMR value can be discarded when running a non-protected VM,\n  where FPMR support is not exposed to a VM, and that VM uses\n  FPSIMD/SVE. In these cases the hyp code does not save the host\u0027s FPMR\n  before unbinding the host\u0027s FPSIMD/SVE/SME state, leaving a stale\n  value in memory.\n\nAvoid these by eagerly saving and \"flushing\" the host\u0027s FPSIMD/SVE/SME\nstate when loading a vCPU such that KVM does not need to save any of the\nhost\u0027s FPSIMD/SVE/SME state. For clarity, fpsimd_kvm_prepare() is\nremoved and the necessary call to fpsimd_save_and_flush_cpu_state() is\nplaced in kvm_arch_vcpu_load_fp(). As \u0027fpsimd_state\u0027 and \u0027fpmr_ptr\u0027\nshould not be used, they are set to NULL; all uses of these will be\nremoved in subsequent patches.\n\nHistorical problems go back at least as far as v5.17, e.g. erroneous\nassumptions about TIF_SVE being clear in commit:\n\n  8383741ab2e773a9 (\"KVM: arm64: Get rid of host SVE tracking/saving\")\n\n... and so this eager save+flush probably needs to be backported to ALL\nstable trees."
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is `kvm_arch_vcpu_load_fp()`/`kvm_arch_vcpu_put_fp()`, reached only through the `KVM_RUN` ioctl on `/dev/kvm` from a local process on the host. No network or adjacent-network input reaches this code.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically controls every condition: enabling SVE in its own thread, issuing `KVM_RUN` with a guest that never touches FP/SIMD (so `guest_owns_fp_regs()` is false and no flush occurs), and then executing SVE code after return. CONFIG_ARM64_SVE is default-y and SVE-capable hardware (ARMv9, Neoverse V1/V2, Graviton 3/4, Ampere) is mainstream.\nPR:L - Only an unprivileged local account with access to `/dev/kvm` is needed \u2014 systemd\u0027s default udev rule installs it as `MODE=\"0666\"`, and Android AVF/ChromeOS crosvm expose VM creation to unprivileged apps. No root, CAP_SYS_ADMIN, or init-namespace capability is required.\nUI:N - The attacking process performs the entire sequence itself \u2014 set up SVE, call `KVM_RUN`, return, run SVE code \u2014 with no action by any other user or administrator.\nS:U - The mismanaged FPSIMD/SVE/SME context belongs to the same host task that invoked `KVM_RUN`, and the kernel remains the single security authority over both the vulnerable KVM/fpsimd code and the impacted host process; this is not a guest-to-host escape or an IOMMU bypass.\nC:L - `fpsimd_kvm_prepare()` populates `uw.fpsimd_state` from the stale in-memory `thread.sve_state` while the live values sit in registers, so a stale register snapshot can resurface in signal frames/core dumps, and SVE-accelerated string/memory routines running with silently discarded vector state can process and emit unintended buffer contents \u2014 a bounded, indirect disclosure rather than arbitrary memory read.\nI:H - Host SVE/FPMR register state is silently corrupted mid-computation outside any ABI-sanctioned discard point, so SVE-based `memmove()`/`memcpy()` in glibc write wrong data into arbitrary destinations, producing memory corruption inside the affected process (the observed QEMU failures); it also silently drops SVE register values written via ptrace, breaking the debugger/CRIU ABI.\nA:H - The corruption reliably crashes the affected process \u2014 the reported real-world symptom is QEMU aborting when SVE-based `memmove()` copies garbage \u2014 killing the VM and its workload, and it can be re-triggered at will by any local user with `/dev/kvm`."
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/806d5c1e1d2e5502175a24bf70f251648d99c36a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79e140bba70bcacc5fe15bf8c0b958793fd7d56f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/900b444be493b7f404898c785d6605b177a093d0"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbc7e61195e23f744814e78524b73b59faa54ab4"
        }
      ],
      "title": "KVM: arm64: Unconditionally save+flush host FPSIMD/SVE/SME state",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-22013",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-08T08:18:04.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.806Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:51:56.419Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}