Vulnerability-Lookup

OPENSUSE-SU-2026:11423-1

Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2026-08-01 00:00 - Updated: 2026-09-17 17:17

Summary

python313-joserfc-1.7.4-2.1 on GA media

Severity

Moderate

Notes

Title of the patch: python313-joserfc-1.7.4-2.1 on GA media

Description of the patch: These are all security issues fixed in the python313-joserfc-1.7.4-2.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.

Patchnames: openSUSE-Tumbleweed-2026-11423

CVE-2026-62995

Affected products

Recommended 8 products

Product	Version	Remediation
Unresolved product id: openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64	—	Vendor Fix
Unresolved product id: openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le	—	Vendor Fix
Unresolved product id: openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x	—	Vendor Fix
Unresolved product id: openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64	—	Vendor Fix
Unresolved product id: openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64	—	Vendor Fix
Unresolved product id: openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le	—	Vendor Fix
Unresolved product id: openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x	—	Vendor Fix
Unresolved product id: openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64	—	Vendor Fix

Threats

Impact moderate

References

5 references

URL	Category
https://www.suse.com/support/security/rating/	external
https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf/o…	self
https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-62995/	self
https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-62995	external
https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272991	external

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "document": {
    "aggregate_severity": {
      "namespace": "https://www.suse.com/support/security/rating/",
      "text": "moderate"
    },
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "text": "Copyright 2024 SUSE LLC. All rights reserved.",
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://www.first.org/tlp/"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "python313-joserfc-1.7.4-2.1 on GA media",
        "title": "Title of the patch"
      },
      {
        "category": "description",
        "text": "These are all security issues fixed in the python313-joserfc-1.7.4-2.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.",
        "title": "Description of the patch"
      },
      {
        "category": "details",
        "text": "openSUSE-Tumbleweed-2026-11423",
        "title": "Patchnames"
      },
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "CSAF 2.0 data is provided by SUSE under the Creative Commons License 4.0 with Attribution (CC-BY-4.0).",
        "title": "Terms of use"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "vendor",
      "contact_details": "https://www.suse.com/support/security/contact/",
      "name": "SUSE Product Security Team",
      "namespace": "https://www.suse.com/"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "SUSE ratings",
        "url": "https://www.suse.com/support/security/rating/"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "URL of this CSAF notice",
        "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf/opensuse-su-2026_11423-1.json"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-62995 page",
        "url": "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-62995/"
      }
    ],
    "title": "python313-joserfc-1.7.4-2.1 on GA media",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-17T17:17:39Z",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2026-08-01T00:00:00Z",
        "engine": {
          "name": "cve-database.git:bin/generate-csaf.pl",
          "version": "1"
        }
      },
      "id": "openSUSE-SU-2026:11423-1",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-01T00:00:00Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2026-08-01T00:00:00Z",
          "number": "1",
          "summary": "Current version"
        },
        {
          "date": "2026-09-16T20:21:54Z",
          "number": "2",
          "summary": "unknown changes"
        },
        {
          "date": "2026-09-16T21:24:34Z",
          "number": "3",
          "summary": "unknown changes"
        },
        {
          "date": "2026-09-17T17:17:39Z",
          "number": "4",
          "summary": "unknown changes"
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "4"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
                "product": {
                  "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
                  "product_id": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
                  "product_identification_helper": {
                    "purl": "pkg:rpm/suse/python313-joserfc@1.7.4-2.1?arch=aarch64"
                  }
                }
              },
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
                "product": {
                  "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
                  "product_id": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
                  "product_identification_helper": {
                    "purl": "pkg:rpm/suse/python314-joserfc@1.7.4-2.1?arch=aarch64"
                  }
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "architecture",
            "name": "aarch64"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
                "product": {
                  "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
                  "product_id": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
                  "product_identification_helper": {
                    "purl": "pkg:rpm/suse/python313-joserfc@1.7.4-2.1?arch=ppc64le"
                  }
                }
              },
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
                "product": {
                  "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
                  "product_id": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
                  "product_identification_helper": {
                    "purl": "pkg:rpm/suse/python314-joserfc@1.7.4-2.1?arch=ppc64le"
                  }
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "architecture",
            "name": "ppc64le"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
                "product": {
                  "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
                  "product_id": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
                  "product_identification_helper": {
                    "purl": "pkg:rpm/suse/python313-joserfc@1.7.4-2.1?arch=s390x"
                  }
                }
              },
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
                "product": {
                  "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
                  "product_id": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
                  "product_identification_helper": {
                    "purl": "pkg:rpm/suse/python314-joserfc@1.7.4-2.1?arch=s390x"
                  }
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "architecture",
            "name": "s390x"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64",
                "product": {
                  "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64",
                  "product_id": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64",
                  "product_identification_helper": {
                    "purl": "pkg:rpm/suse/python313-joserfc@1.7.4-2.1?arch=x86_64"
                  }
                }
              },
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64",
                "product": {
                  "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64",
                  "product_id": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64",
                  "product_identification_helper": {
                    "purl": "pkg:rpm/suse/python314-joserfc@1.7.4-2.1?arch=x86_64"
                  }
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "architecture",
            "name": "x86_64"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_name",
                "name": "openSUSE Tumbleweed",
                "product": {
                  "name": "openSUSE Tumbleweed",
                  "product_id": "openSUSE Tumbleweed",
                  "product_identification_helper": {
                    "cpe": "cpe:/o:opensuse:tumbleweed"
                  }
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_family",
            "name": "SUSE Linux Enterprise"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "SUSE"
      }
    ],
    "relationships": [
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64 as component of openSUSE Tumbleweed",
          "product_id": "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64"
        },
        "product_reference": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "openSUSE Tumbleweed"
      },
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le as component of openSUSE Tumbleweed",
          "product_id": "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le"
        },
        "product_reference": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "openSUSE Tumbleweed"
      },
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x as component of openSUSE Tumbleweed",
          "product_id": "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x"
        },
        "product_reference": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "openSUSE Tumbleweed"
      },
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64 as component of openSUSE Tumbleweed",
          "product_id": "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64"
        },
        "product_reference": "python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "openSUSE Tumbleweed"
      },
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64 as component of openSUSE Tumbleweed",
          "product_id": "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64"
        },
        "product_reference": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "openSUSE Tumbleweed"
      },
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le as component of openSUSE Tumbleweed",
          "product_id": "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le"
        },
        "product_reference": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "openSUSE Tumbleweed"
      },
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x as component of openSUSE Tumbleweed",
          "product_id": "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x"
        },
        "product_reference": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "openSUSE Tumbleweed"
      },
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64 as component of openSUSE Tumbleweed",
          "product_id": "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64"
        },
        "product_reference": "python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "openSUSE Tumbleweed"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-62995",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "SUSE CVE Page",
          "text": "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-62995"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "joserfc is a Python library that provides an implementation of several JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) standards. in versions 1.7.1 and prior,  joserfc accepts JWTs with trailing padding (==) which are not conforming to the JOSE specifications. This leads to malleability of the JWTs when consumed by joserfc. Depending on this application this might or not be an issue. This could lead to bypass of token revocation or anti-replay protection when implemented as a deny list of tokens or a deny list of token hashes. Note that ECDSA JWS are always malleable because of the malleability of ECDSA signatures (first test case in the code bellow). This makes a scheme which assumes that JWTs are not malleable brittle. However for other signatures (or MAC) schemes it might make sense to assume non malleability of the token. This issue has been fixed in version 1.7.2.",
          "title": "CVE description"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "recommended": [
          "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
          "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
          "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
          "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64",
          "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
          "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
          "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
          "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "CVE-2026-62995",
          "url": "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-62995"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "SUSE Bug 1272991 for CVE-2026-62995",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272991"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "To install this SUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods like YaST online_update or \"zypper patch\".\n",
          "product_ids": [
            "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
            "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
            "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
            "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python313-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64",
            "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.aarch64",
            "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.ppc64le",
            "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.s390x",
            "openSUSE Tumbleweed:python314-joserfc-0:1.7.4-2.1.x86_64"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "date": "2026-08-01T00:00:00Z",
          "details": "moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "CVE-2026-62995"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2026-62995 (GCVE-0-2026-62995)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 18:27 – Updated: 2026-07-30 14:32

Title

joserfc accepts JWT with padding, leading to JWT malleability

Summary

joserfc is a Python library that provides an implementation of several JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) standards. in versions 1.7.1 and prior, joserfc accepts JWTs with trailing padding (==) which are not conforming to the JOSE specifications. This leads to malleability of the JWTs when consumed by joserfc. Depending on this application this might or not be an issue. This could lead to bypass of token revocation or anti-replay protection when implemented as a deny list of tokens or a deny list of token hashes. Note that ECDSA JWS are always malleable because of the malleability of ECDSA signatures (first test case in the code bellow). This makes a scheme which assumes that JWTs are not malleable brittle. However for other signatures (or MAC) schemes it might make sense to assume non malleability of the token. This issue has been fixed in version 1.7.2.

Severity

2.3 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-30 14:31 UTC

CWE

CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7958 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/authlib/joserfc/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
authlib	joserfc	Affected: < 1.7.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-62995",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-30T14:31:13.769464Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-30T14:32:13.148Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "joserfc",
          "vendor": "authlib",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.7.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "joserfc is a Python library that provides an implementation of several JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) standards. in versions 1.7.1 and prior,  joserfc accepts JWTs with trailing padding (==) which are not conforming to the JOSE specifications. This leads to malleability of the JWTs when consumed by joserfc. Depending on this application this might or not be an issue. This could lead to bypass of token revocation or anti-replay protection when implemented as a deny list of tokens or a deny list of token hashes. Note that ECDSA JWS are always malleable because of the malleability of ECDSA signatures (first test case in the code bellow). This makes a scheme which assumes that JWTs are not malleable brittle. However for other signatures (or MAC) schemes it might make sense to assume non malleability of the token. This issue has been fixed in version 1.7.2."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 2.3,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-345",
              "description": "CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-29T18:27:06.518Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/authlib/joserfc/security/advisories/GHSA-5jhw-7jv7-qcqq",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/authlib/joserfc/security/advisories/GHSA-5jhw-7jv7-qcqq"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-5jhw-7jv7-qcqq",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "joserfc accepts JWT with padding, leading to JWT malleability"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-62995",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-29T18:27:06.518Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-14T23:10:57.032Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-30T14:32:13.148Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

Loading timeline…

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted