Vulnerability-Lookup

OESA-2025-2526 (CVE-2025-59419)

Vulnerability from osv_openeuler – Published: 2025-10-24 11:09 – Updated: 2026-08-06 11:09 – Source website

Summary

netty security update

Details

Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework for rapid development of maintainable high performance protocol servers & clients. %package help Summary: Documents for Buildarch: noarch Requires: man info Provides: -javadoc = - Obsoletes: -javadoc < - %description help Man pages and other related documents for .

Security Fix(es):

Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.128.Final and 4.2.7.Final, the SMTP codec in Netty contains an SMTP command injection vulnerability due to insufficient input validation for Carriage Return (\r) and Line Feed (\n) characters in user-supplied parameters. The vulnerability exists in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string without sanitization. When methods such as SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) are called with a malicious string containing CRLF sequences, attackers can inject arbitrary SMTP commands. Because the injected commands are sent from the server's trusted IP address, resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM authentication checks, making them appear legitimate. This allows remote attackers who can control SMTP command parameters (such as email recipients) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server, potentially impersonating executives and forging high-stakes corporate communications. This issue has been patched in versions 4.1.129.Final and 4.2.8.Final. No known workarounds exist.(CVE-2025-59419)

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

References

URL

Type

	https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bu…	ADVISORY
	https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59419	ADVISORY

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "aarch64": [
          "netty-4.1.13-24.oe2403.aarch64.rpm"
        ],
        "noarch": [
          "netty-help-4.1.13-24.oe2403.noarch.rpm"
        ],
        "src": [
          "netty-4.1.13-24.oe2403.src.rpm"
        ],
        "x86_64": [
          "netty-4.1.13-24.oe2403.x86_64.rpm"
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "openEuler:24.03-LTS",
        "name": "netty",
        "purl": "pkg:rpm/openEuler/netty\u0026distro=openEuler-24.03-LTS"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.13-24.oe2403"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "severity": "Medium"
  },
  "details": "Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework for rapid development of maintainable high performance protocol servers \u0026amp;amp; clients. %package    help Summary:          Documents for  Buildarch:        noarch Requires:         man info Provides:         -javadoc = - Obsoletes:        -javadoc \u0026amp;lt; - %description help Man pages and other related documents for .\r\n\r\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\nNetty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.128.Final and 4.2.7.Final, the SMTP codec in Netty contains an SMTP command injection vulnerability due to insufficient input validation for Carriage Return (\\r) and Line Feed (\\n) characters in user-supplied parameters. The vulnerability exists in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string without sanitization. When methods such as SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) are called with a malicious string containing CRLF sequences, attackers can inject arbitrary SMTP commands. Because the injected commands are sent from the server\u0026apos;s trusted IP address, resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM authentication checks, making them appear legitimate. This allows remote attackers who can control SMTP command parameters (such as email recipients) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server, potentially impersonating executives and forging high-stakes corporate communications. This issue has been patched in versions 4.1.129.Final and 4.2.8.Final. No known workarounds exist.(CVE-2025-59419)",
  "id": "OESA-2025-2526",
  "modified": "2026-08-06T11:09:37Z",
  "published": "2025-10-24T11:09:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2025-2526"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59419"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.7.2",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "netty security update",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-59419"
  ]
}

CVE-2025-59419 (GCVE-0-2025-59419)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 15:42 – Updated: 2025-10-17 19:44

Title

Netty netty-codec-smtp SMTP Command Injection Vulnerability Allowing Email Forgery

Summary

Severity

5.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-15 17:21 UTC

CWE

CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 8044 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisorie…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/1782e8c2060…	x_refsource_MISC
https://www.depthfirst.com/post/our-ai-agent-foun…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
netty	netty	Affected: < 4.2.7.Final Affected: >= 4.2.0.Alpha1, < 4.1.128.Final

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-59419",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-10-15T17:21:01.815752Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-10-15T17:21:14.724Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-10-17T19:44:00.417Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.depthfirst.com/post/our-ai-agent-found-a-netty-zero-day-that-bypasses-email-authentication-the-story-of-cve-2025-59419"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container",
        "x_generator": {
          "engine": "ADPogram 0.0.1"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "netty",
          "vendor": "netty",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 4.2.7.Final"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 4.2.0.Alpha1, \u003c 4.1.128.Final"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.128.Final and 4.2.7.Final, the SMTP codec in Netty contains an SMTP command injection vulnerability due to insufficient input validation for Carriage Return (\\r) and Line Feed (\\n) characters in user-supplied parameters. The vulnerability exists in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string without sanitization. When methods such as SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) are called with a malicious string containing CRLF sequences, attackers can inject arbitrary SMTP commands. Because the injected commands are sent from the server\u0027s trusted IP address, resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM authentication checks, making them appear legitimate. This allows remote attackers who can control SMTP command parameters (such as email recipients) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server, potentially impersonating executives and forging high-stakes corporate communications. This issue has been patched in versions 4.1.129.Final and 4.2.8.Final. No known workarounds exist."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
          }
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      ],
      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
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              "cweId": "CWE-93",
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              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-10-15T15:42:30.922Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86",
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          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/1782e8c2060a244c4d4e6f9d9112d5517ca05120",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
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          "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/1782e8c2060a244c4d4e6f9d9112d5517ca05120"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Netty netty-codec-smtp SMTP Command Injection Vulnerability Allowing Email Forgery"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
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    "datePublished": "2025-10-15T15:42:30.922Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-15T19:13:16.904Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-10-17T19:44:00.417Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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