Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-HXQ7-6HM2-6WVG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-06 09:31 – Updated: 2026-10-06 09:31

Details

Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR encrypts with AES-256 in CTR mode and stores the key tag, the IV and the ciphertext with no MAC. decrypt/2 checks only the key tag and the minimum length before it returns the plaintext, and Cloak.Ciphers.Deprecated.AES.CTR decrypts the legacy format the same way. CTR is a stream cipher, so a value XORed into the stored ciphertext is XORed into the plaintext at the same offset. An attacker who can write to the encrypted store (for example through SQL injection or a compromised replica) and who knows or can guess a stored plaintext can replace it with any value of the same length. The application receives that value with no error.

This issue affects cloak: from 0.1.0-pre onward.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

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JSON

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-95105"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-649"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-06T09:17:57Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking vulnerability in danielberkompas cloak allows an attacker with write access to stored ciphertext to make it decrypt to a chosen value via bit flipping.\n\nCloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR encrypts with AES-256 in CTR mode and stores the key tag, the IV and the ciphertext with no MAC. decrypt/2 checks only the key tag and the minimum length before it returns the plaintext, and Cloak.Ciphers.Deprecated.AES.CTR decrypts the legacy format the same way. CTR is a stream cipher, so a value XORed into the stored ciphertext is XORed into the plaintext at the same offset. An attacker who can write to the encrypted store (for example through SQL injection or a compromised replica) and who knows or can guess a stored plaintext can replace it with any value of the same length. The application receives that value with no error.\n\nThis issue affects cloak: from 0.1.0-pre onward.",
  "id": "GHSA-hxq7-6hm2-6wvg",
  "modified": "2026-10-06T09:31:28Z",
  "published": "2026-10-06T09:31:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-95105"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/danielberkompas/cloak/commit/2bd17019e285b55c5c218cc842537bf9280f24c3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-95105.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-95105"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2026-95105 (GCVE-0-2026-95105)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 08:37 – Updated: 2026-10-06 11:40

Title

Cloak AES-CTR cipher lacks ciphertext authentication, allowing chosen-plaintext forgery by bit flipping

Summary

Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking vulnerability in danielberkompas cloak allows an attacker with write access to stored ciphertext to make it decrypt to a chosen value via bit flipping. Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR encrypts with AES-256 in CTR mode and stores the key tag, the IV and the ciphertext with no MAC. decrypt/2 checks only the key tag and the minimum length before it returns the plaintext, and Cloak.Ciphers.Deprecated.AES.CTR decrypts the legacy format the same way. CTR is a stream cipher, so a value XORed into the stored ciphertext is XORed into the plaintext at the same offset. An attacker who can write to the encrypted store (for example through SQL injection or a compromised replica) and who knows or can guess a stored plaintext can replace it with any value of the same length. The application receives that value with no error. This issue affects cloak: from 0.1.0-pre onward.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-06 11:37 UTC

CWE

CWE-649 - Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking

Assigner

EEF mitre root Scorecard

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-95105.html	relatedthird-party-advisory
https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-95105	related
https://github.com/danielberkompas/cloak/commit/2…	related

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
danielberkompas	cloak	Affected: 0.1.0-pre , < * (semver) cpe:2.3:a:danielberkompas:cloak::::::::
danielberkompas	cloak	Affected: 2bd17019e285b55c5c218cc842537bf9280f24c3 , < * (git) cpe:2.3:a:danielberkompas:cloak::::::::

Credits

Peter Ullrich Peter Ullrich Jonatan Männchen / EEF

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-95105",
                "options": [
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                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-06T11:37:58.212117Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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            }
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        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T11:40:42.775Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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            "tags": [
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            "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-95105.html"
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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        {
          "collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:danielberkompas:cloak:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
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            "\u0027Elixir.Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR\u0027",
            "\u0027Elixir.Cloak.Ciphers.Deprecated.AES.CTR\u0027"
          ],
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          ],
          "packageName": "danielberkompas/cloak",
          "packageURL": "pkg:github/danielberkompas/cloak",
          "product": "cloak",
          "programFiles": [
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              "name": "\u0027Elixir.Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR\u0027:encrypt/2"
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            {
              "name": "\u0027Elixir.Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR\u0027:decrypt/2"
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          "vendor": "danielberkompas",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "*",
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      "credits": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Peter Ullrich"
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Peter Ullrich"
        },
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          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
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      "dateAssigned": "2026-10-06T08:37:34.000Z",
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            },
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/markdown",
              "value": "Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking vulnerability in danielberkompas cloak allows an attacker with write access to stored ciphertext to make it decrypt to a chosen value via bit flipping.\n\n`Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR` encrypts with AES-256 in CTR mode and stores the key tag, the IV and the ciphertext with no MAC. `decrypt/2` checks only the key tag and the minimum length before it returns the plaintext, and `Cloak.Ciphers.Deprecated.AES.CTR` decrypts the legacy format the same way. CTR is a stream cipher, so a value XORed into the stored ciphertext is XORed into the plaintext at the same offset. An attacker who can write to the encrypted store (for example through SQL injection or a compromised replica) and who knows or can guess a stored plaintext can replace it with any value of the same length. The application receives that value with no error.\n\nThis issue affects cloak: from 0.1.0-pre onward."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking vulnerability in danielberkompas cloak allows an attacker with write access to stored ciphertext to make it decrypt to a chosen value via bit flipping.\n\nCloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR encrypts with AES-256 in CTR mode and stores the key tag, the IV and the ciphertext with no MAC. decrypt/2 checks only the key tag and the minimum length before it returns the plaintext, and Cloak.Ciphers.Deprecated.AES.CTR decrypts the legacy format the same way. CTR is a stream cipher, so a value XORed into the stored ciphertext is XORed into the plaintext at the same offset. An attacker who can write to the encrypted store (for example through SQL injection or a compromised replica) and who knows or can guess a stored plaintext can replace it with any value of the same length. The application receives that value with no error.\n\nThis issue affects cloak: from 0.1.0-pre onward."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-39",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "\u003cp\u003eAn attacker who can write to the encrypted store can set encrypted fields with known or guessable contents, such as roles, flags, or fixed-format records, to values of their choice without the key. The application decrypts and trusts the forged value.\u003c/p\u003e"
                },
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/markdown",
                  "value": "An attacker who can write to the encrypted store can set encrypted fields with known or guessable contents, such as roles, flags, or fixed-format records, to values of their choice without the key. The application decrypts and trusts the forged value."
                }
              ],
              "value": "An attacker who can write to the encrypted store can set encrypted fields with known or guessable contents, such as roles, flags, or fixed-format records, to values of their choice without the key. The application decrypts and trusts the forged value."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
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            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
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            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-649",
              "description": "CWE-649 Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T08:37:56.987Z",
        "orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "shortName": "EEF"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-95105",
          "tags": [
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            "third-party-advisory"
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          "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-95105.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-95105",
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-95105"
        },
        {
          "name": "Introducing commit 2bd1701 in danielberkompas/cloak",
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/danielberkompas/cloak/commit/2bd17019e285b55c5c218cc842537bf9280f24c3"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Cloak AES-CTR cipher lacks ciphertext authentication, allowing chosen-plaintext forgery by bit flipping",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eConfigure the vault with \u003ccode\u003eCloak.Ciphers.AES.GCM\u003c/code\u003e as the default cipher and re-encrypt existing values, for example with the \u003ccode\u003ecloak.migrate.ecto\u003c/code\u003e task from cloak_ecto. Then remove \u003ccode\u003eCloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eCloak.Ciphers.Deprecated.AES.CTR\u003c/code\u003e from the vault configuration, so that ciphertext in the CTR format is no longer decrypted. AES-GCM authenticates the ciphertext and rejects modified values.\u003c/p\u003e"
            },
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/markdown",
              "value": "Configure the vault with `Cloak.Ciphers.AES.GCM` as the default cipher and re-encrypt existing values, for example with the `cloak.migrate.ecto` task from cloak_ecto. Then remove `Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR` and `Cloak.Ciphers.Deprecated.AES.CTR` from the vault configuration, so that ciphertext in the CTR format is no longer decrypted. AES-GCM authenticates the ciphertext and rejects modified values."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Configure the vault with Cloak.Ciphers.AES.GCM as the default cipher and re-encrypt existing values, for example with the cloak.migrate.ecto task from cloak_ecto. Then remove Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR and Cloak.Ciphers.Deprecated.AES.CTR from the vault configuration, so that ciphertext in the CTR format is no longer decrypted. AES-GCM authenticates the ciphertext and rejects modified values."
        }
      ],
      "x_proofOfConcept": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncrypt \u003ccode\u003e\"role=user \"\u003c/code\u003e with \u003ccode\u003eCloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR.encrypt/2\u003c/code\u003e and a random 32-byte key.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWithout the key, XOR the last 10 bytes of the result (the ciphertext body) with \u003ccode\u003e:crypto.exor(\"role=user \", \"role=admin\")\u003c/code\u003e. Leave the key tag and the IV unchanged.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCall \u003ccode\u003eCloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR.decrypt/2\u003c/code\u003e on the modified value. It returns \u003ccode\u003e{:ok, \"role=admin\"}\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"
            },
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/markdown",
              "value": "1. Encrypt `\"role=user \"` with `Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR.encrypt/2` and a random 32-byte key.\n2. Without the key, XOR the last 10 bytes of the result (the ciphertext body) with `:crypto.exor(\"role=user \", \"role=admin\")`. Leave the key tag and the IV unchanged.\n3. Call `Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR.decrypt/2` on the modified value. It returns `{:ok, \"role=admin\"}`."
            }
          ],
          "value": "* Encrypt \"role=user \" with Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR.encrypt/2 and a random 32-byte key.\n* Without the key, XOR the last 10 bytes of the result (the ciphertext body) with :crypto.exor(\"role=user \", \"role=admin\"). Leave the key tag and the IV unchanged.\n* Call Cloak.Ciphers.AES.CTR.decrypt/2 on the modified value. It returns {:ok, \"role=admin\"}."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
    "assignerShortName": "EEF",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-95105",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-06T08:37:56.987Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T07:00:01.880Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T11:40:42.775Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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GHSA-HXQ7-6HM2-6WVG

CVE-2026-95105 (GCVE-0-2026-95105)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour