Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-C24F-2J3G-RG48

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-20 21:26 – Updated: 2023-03-20 21:26

Summary

kaml has potential denial of service while parsing input with anchors and aliases

Details

Impact

Applications that use kaml to parse untrusted input containing anchors and aliases may consume excessive memory and crash.

Patches

Version 0.53.0 and later default to refusing to parse YAML documents containing anchors and aliases.

Workarounds

None.

References

Wikipedia has an explanation of this class of vulnerability: billion laughs attack

Acknowledgements

Thank you to @gdude2002 for reporting this issue.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.charleskorn.kaml:kaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.53.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-28118"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-20T21:26:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-20T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nApplications that use kaml to parse untrusted input containing anchors and aliases may consume excessive memory and crash.\n\n### Patches\nVersion 0.53.0 and later default to refusing to parse YAML documents containing anchors and aliases.\n\n### Workarounds\nNone.\n\n### References\nWikipedia has an explanation of this class of vulnerability: [billion laughs attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs_attack)\n\n### Acknowledgements\nThank you to @gdude2002 for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-c24f-2j3g-rg48",
  "modified": "2023-03-20T21:26:59Z",
  "published": "2023-03-20T21:26:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/security/advisories/GHSA-c24f-2j3g-rg48"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28118"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/commit/5f82a2d7e00bfc307afca05d1dc4d7c50593531a"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/releases/tag/0.53.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "kaml has potential denial of service while parsing input with anchors and aliases "
}

CVE-2023-28118 (GCVE-0-2023-28118)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-20 12:39 – Updated: 2025-02-25 14:52

Title

kaml has potential denial of service while parsing input with anchors and aliases

Summary

kaml provides YAML support for kotlinx.serialization. Prior to version 0.53.0, applications that use kaml to parse untrusted input containing anchors and aliases may consume excessive memory and crash. Version 0.53.0 and later default to refusing to parse YAML documents containing anchors and aliases. There are no known workarounds.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-02-25 14:30 UTC

CWE

CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7745 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/commit/5f82a2…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/releases/tag/0.53.0	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
charleskorn	kaml	Affected: < 0.53.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T12:30:24.221Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/security/advisories/GHSA-c24f-2j3g-rg48",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/security/advisories/GHSA-c24f-2j3g-rg48"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/commit/5f82a2d7e00bfc307afca05d1dc4d7c50593531a",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/commit/5f82a2d7e00bfc307afca05d1dc4d7c50593531a"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/releases/tag/0.53.0",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/releases/tag/0.53.0"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-28118",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-02-25T14:30:26.475655Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-02-25T14:52:56.789Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "kaml",
          "vendor": "charleskorn",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.53.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "kaml provides YAML support for kotlinx.serialization. Prior to version 0.53.0, applications that use kaml to parse untrusted input containing anchors and aliases may consume excessive memory and crash. Version 0.53.0 and later default to refusing to parse YAML documents containing anchors and aliases. There are no known workarounds."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-776",
              "description": "CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs (\u0027XML Entity Expansion\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-03-20T12:39:42.075Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/security/advisories/GHSA-c24f-2j3g-rg48",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/security/advisories/GHSA-c24f-2j3g-rg48"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/commit/5f82a2d7e00bfc307afca05d1dc4d7c50593531a",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/commit/5f82a2d7e00bfc307afca05d1dc4d7c50593531a"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/releases/tag/0.53.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/releases/tag/0.53.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-c24f-2j3g-rg48",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "kaml has potential denial of service while parsing input with anchors and aliases "
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-28118",
    "datePublished": "2023-03-20T12:39:42.075Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-03-10T18:34:29.228Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-02-25T14:52:56.789Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Action not permitted

GHSA-C24F-2J3G-RG48

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

References

Acknowledgements

CVE-2023-28118 (GCVE-0-2023-28118)

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