Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2026-40492

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-18 03:16 - Updated: 2026-10-26 21:10

Severity

9.8 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02, the XWD codec resolves pixel format based on `pixmap_depth` but the byte-swap code uses `bits_per_pixel` independently. When `pixmap_depth=8` (BPP8_INDEXED, 1 byte/pixel buffer) but `bits_per_pixel=32`, the byte-swap loop accesses memory as `uint32_t*`, reading/writing 4x the allocated buffer size. This is a different vulnerability from the previously reported GHSA-3g38-x2pj-mv55 (CVE-2026-27168), which addressed `bytes_per_line` validation. Commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02 contains a patch.

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "sail",
          "vendor": "HappySeaFox",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02, the XWD codec resolves pixel format based on `pixmap_depth` but the byte-swap code uses `bits_per_pixel` independently. When `pixmap_depth=8` (BPP8_INDEXED, 1 byte/pixel buffer) but `bits_per_pixel=32`, the byte-swap loop accesses memory as `uint32_t*`, reading/writing 4x the allocated buffer size. This is a different vulnerability from the previously reported GHSA-3g38-x2pj-mv55 (CVE-2026-27168), which addressed `bytes_per_line` validation. Commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02 contains a patch."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "SAIL es una biblioteca multiplataforma para cargar y guardar im\u00e1genes con soporte para animaci\u00f3n, metadatos y perfiles ICC. Antes del commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02, el c\u00f3dec XWD resuelve el formato de p\u00edxel bas\u00e1ndose en pixmap_depth pero el c\u00f3digo de intercambio de bytes utiliza bits_per_pixel de forma independiente. Cuando pixmap_depth=8 (BPP8_INDEXED, b\u00fafer de 1 byte/p\u00edxel) pero bits_per_pixel=32, el bucle de intercambio de bytes accede a la memoria como uint32_t, leyendo/escribiendo 4 veces el tama\u00f1o del b\u00fafer asignado. Esta es una vulnerabilidad diferente de la previamente reportada GHSA-3g38-x2pj-mv55 (CVE-2026-27168), que abordaba la validaci\u00f3n de bytes_per_line. El commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02 contiene un parche."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-40492",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-26T21:10:00.170",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 9.8,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-40492",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-04-20T15:24:38.837811Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-04-18T03:16:13.300",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "url": "https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-787"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2026-40492 (GCVE-0-2026-40492)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-18 01:39 – Updated: 2026-04-20 15:24

Title

SAIL has heap buffer overflow in XWD decoder — bits_per_pixel vs pixmap_depth type confusion in byte-swap

Summary

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-04-20 15:24 UTC

CWE

CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 8026 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/36aa5c…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
HappySeaFox	sail	Affected: < 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-40492",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-20T15:24:38.837811Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-20T15:24:42.029Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "sail",
          "vendor": "HappySeaFox",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02, the XWD codec resolves pixel format based on `pixmap_depth` but the byte-swap code uses `bits_per_pixel` independently. When `pixmap_depth=8` (BPP8_INDEXED, 1 byte/pixel buffer) but `bits_per_pixel=32`, the byte-swap loop accesses memory as `uint32_t*`, reading/writing 4x the allocated buffer size. This is a different vulnerability from the previously reported GHSA-3g38-x2pj-mv55 (CVE-2026-27168), which addressed `bytes_per_line` validation. Commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02 contains a patch."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-787",
              "description": "CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-18T01:39:48.056Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "SAIL has heap buffer overflow in XWD decoder \u2014 bits_per_pixel vs pixmap_depth type confusion in byte-swap"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-40492",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-18T01:39:48.056Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-13T19:50:42.115Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-20T15:24:42.029Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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