Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-39956

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-10-09 10:15 - Updated: 2026-10-19 21:10

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: igc: don't fail igc_probe() on LED setup error When igc_led_setup() fails, igc_probe() fails and triggers kernel panic in free_netdev() since unregister_netdev() is not called. [1] This behavior can be tested using fault-injection framework, especially the failslab feature. [2] Since LED support is not mandatory, treat LED setup failures as non-fatal and continue probe with a warning message, consequently avoiding the kernel panic. [1] kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12047! Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 937 Comm: repro-igc-led-e Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4-enjuk-tnguy-00865-gc4940196ab02 #64 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:free_netdev+0x278/0x2b0 [...] Call Trace: <TASK> igc_probe+0x370/0x910 local_pci_probe+0x3a/0x80 pci_device_probe+0xd1/0x200 [...] [2] #!/bin/bash -ex FAILSLAB_PATH=/sys/kernel/debug/failslab/ DEVICE=0000:00:05.0 START_ADDR=$(grep " igc_led_setup" /proc/kallsyms \ | awk '{printf("0x%s", $1)}') END_ADDR=$(printf "0x%x" $((START_ADDR + 0x100))) echo $START_ADDR > $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-start echo $END_ADDR > $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-end echo 1 > $FAILSLAB_PATH/times echo 100 > $FAILSLAB_PATH/probability echo N > $FAILSLAB_PATH/ignore-gfp-wait echo $DEVICE > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/igc/bind

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/528eb4e19ec0df30d0c9ae4074ce945667dde919	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bec504867acc7315de9cd96ef9161fa52a25abe8	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f05e82d8553232cef150a6dbb70ed67d162abb2b	Patch

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
linux	linux_kernel	6.17

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc.h",
            "drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_main.c"
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              "versionType": "git"
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              "status": "affected",
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              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc.h",
            "drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_main.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.9"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.49",
              "versionType": "semver"
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              "versionType": "semver"
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            }
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        }
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    }
  ],
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  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nigc: don\u0027t fail igc_probe() on LED setup error\n\nWhen igc_led_setup() fails, igc_probe() fails and triggers kernel panic\nin free_netdev() since unregister_netdev() is not called. [1]\nThis behavior can be tested using fault-injection framework, especially\nthe failslab feature. [2]\n\nSince LED support is not mandatory, treat LED setup failures as\nnon-fatal and continue probe with a warning message, consequently\navoiding the kernel panic.\n\n[1]\n kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12047!\n Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 937 Comm: repro-igc-led-e Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4-enjuk-tnguy-00865-gc4940196ab02 #64 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n RIP: 0010:free_netdev+0x278/0x2b0\n [...]\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  igc_probe+0x370/0x910\n  local_pci_probe+0x3a/0x80\n  pci_device_probe+0xd1/0x200\n [...]\n\n[2]\n #!/bin/bash -ex\n\n FAILSLAB_PATH=/sys/kernel/debug/failslab/\n DEVICE=0000:00:05.0\n START_ADDR=$(grep \" igc_led_setup\" /proc/kallsyms \\\n         | awk \u0027{printf(\"0x%s\", $1)}\u0027)\n END_ADDR=$(printf \"0x%x\" $((START_ADDR + 0x100)))\n\n echo $START_ADDR \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-start\n echo $END_ADDR \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-end\n echo 1 \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/times\n echo 100 \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/probability\n echo N \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/ignore-gfp-wait\n\n echo $DEVICE \u003e /sys/bus/pci/drivers/igc/bind"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nigc: no fallar igc_probe() en error de configuraci\u00f3n de LED\n\nCuando igc_led_setup() falla, igc_probe() falla y dispara un p\u00e1nico del kernel\nen free_netdev() ya que unregister_netdev() no es llamado. [1]\nEste comportamiento puede ser probado usando el framework de inyecci\u00f3n de fallos, especialmente\nla caracter\u00edstica failslab. [2]\n\nDado que el soporte de LED no es obligatorio, tratar los fallos de configuraci\u00f3n de LED como\nno fatales y continuar la sonda con un mensaje de advertencia, consecuentemente\nevitando el p\u00e1nico del kernel.\n\n[1]\n BUG del kernel en net/core/dev.c:12047!\n Oops: c\u00f3digo de operaci\u00f3n inv\u00e1lido: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 937 Comm: repro-igc-led-e No contaminado 6.17.0-rc4-enjuk-tnguy-00865-gc4940196ab02 #64 PREEMPT(voluntario)\n Nombre del hardware: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n RIP: 0010:free_netdev+0x278/0x2b0\n [...]\n Traza de llamada:\n  \u003cTAREA\u003e\n  igc_probe+0x370/0x910\n  local_pci_probe+0x3a/0x80\n  pci_device_probe+0xd1/0x200\n [...]\n\n[2]\n #!/bin/bash -ex\n\n FAILSLAB_PATH=/sys/kernel/debug/failslab/\n DEVICE=0000:00:05.0\n START_ADDR=$(grep \u201c igc_led_setup\u201d /proc/kallsyms \\\n         | awk \u0027{printf(\u201c0x%s\u201d, $1)}\u0027)\n END_ADDR=$(printf \u201c0x%x\u201d $((START_ADDR + 0x100)))\n\n echo $START_ADDR \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-start\n echo $END_ADDR \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-end\n echo 1 \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/times\n echo 100 \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/probability\n echo N \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/ignore-gfp-wait\n\n echo $DEVICE \u003e /sys/bus/pci/drivers/igc/bind"
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-39956",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
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          "userInteraction": "NONE",
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        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
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          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:55:00.586485Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
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  "published": "2025-10-09T10:15:36.813",
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  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
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      "description": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-39956 (GCVE-0-2025-39956)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-09 09:47 – Updated: 2026-10-15 22:02

Title

igc: don't fail igc_probe() on LED setup error

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-15 21:55 UTC

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6848 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bec504867acc7315d…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f05e82d8553232cef…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/528eb4e19ec0df30d…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: ea578703b03d5d651b091c39f717dc829155b520 , < bec504867acc7315de9cd96ef9161fa52a25abe8 (git) Affected: ea578703b03d5d651b091c39f717dc829155b520 , < f05e82d8553232cef150a6dbb70ed67d162abb2b (git) Affected: ea578703b03d5d651b091c39f717dc829155b520 , < 528eb4e19ec0df30d0c9ae4074ce945667dde919 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.9 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.9 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.49 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.9 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-39956",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:55:00.586485Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:33.822Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc.h",
            "drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_main.c"
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          ]
        },
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          ],
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              "version": "6.16.9",
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nigc: don\u0027t fail igc_probe() on LED setup error\n\nWhen igc_led_setup() fails, igc_probe() fails and triggers kernel panic\nin free_netdev() since unregister_netdev() is not called. [1]\nThis behavior can be tested using fault-injection framework, especially\nthe failslab feature. [2]\n\nSince LED support is not mandatory, treat LED setup failures as\nnon-fatal and continue probe with a warning message, consequently\navoiding the kernel panic.\n\n[1]\n kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12047!\n Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 937 Comm: repro-igc-led-e Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4-enjuk-tnguy-00865-gc4940196ab02 #64 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n RIP: 0010:free_netdev+0x278/0x2b0\n [...]\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  igc_probe+0x370/0x910\n  local_pci_probe+0x3a/0x80\n  pci_device_probe+0xd1/0x200\n [...]\n\n[2]\n #!/bin/bash -ex\n\n FAILSLAB_PATH=/sys/kernel/debug/failslab/\n DEVICE=0000:00:05.0\n START_ADDR=$(grep \" igc_led_setup\" /proc/kallsyms \\\n         | awk \u0027{printf(\"0x%s\", $1)}\u0027)\n END_ADDR=$(printf \"0x%x\" $((START_ADDR + 0x100)))\n\n echo $START_ADDR \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-start\n echo $END_ADDR \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-end\n echo 1 \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/times\n echo 100 \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/probability\n echo N \u003e $FAILSLAB_PATH/ignore-gfp-wait\n\n echo $DEVICE \u003e /sys/bus/pci/drivers/igc/bind"
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is a PCI driver probe reached locally (sysfs bind, module load, PCI rescan/hotplug), and the resulting corrupted-but-registered netdev is exercised through local syscalls (ioctl, socket TX, /proc/net/dev). No remote or adjacent network input reaches `igc_probe()`.\nAC:L - The failure is deterministic once `igc_led_setup()` returns an error \u2014 the commit\u0027s own reproducer makes it fire 100% of the time \u2014 and the required slab-allocation failure is reachable through ordinary memory-exhaustion pressure with no race to win and no unknowable memory layout required.\nPR:L - A low-privileged local user can drive the system-wide slab exhaustion that makes the GFP_KERNEL allocations in `igc_led_setup()`/`led_classdev_register()` fail during any probe event, and every follow-on use-after-free on the gutted-but-registered netdev (packet transmit, `/proc/net/dev` reads, ethtool GET ioctls) is reachable with no privileges at all.\nUI:N - `igc_probe()` runs automatically on device enumeration, module load, or hotplug with no victim action required, and the post-oops UAF state is reachable without any user cooperation.\nS:U - The BUG(), the premature frees and the dangling driver/iomem state all occur inside the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `free_netdev()` releases `dev-\u003eethtool`, `dev-\u003e_tx`/`dev-\u003e_rx` queue arrays and the percpu refcount/stats before hitting the BUG_ON, leaving a still-registered net_device whose freed slab objects can be reallocated and read back through unprivileged ethtool/stat/transmit paths, yielding arbitrary kernel heap disclosure.\nI:H - The same dangling `netdev_queue`/`struct ethtool` pointers on a live registered device give a use-after-free write primitive on attacker-sprayable slab memory, plus writes through the iounmap\u0027d MMIO pointer and freed igc rings retained by the still-active adapter.\nA:H - `BUG_ON(dev-\u003ereg_state != NETREG_UNREGISTERED)` fires an invalid-opcode oops that is an immediate panic on `panic_on_oops`/hardened embedded builds, and even when it isn\u0027t the probe thread dies holding `device_lock()`, permanently wedging bind/unbind/rmmod and leaving a netdev whose next use crashes the kernel."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:26.765Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bec504867acc7315de9cd96ef9161fa52a25abe8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f05e82d8553232cef150a6dbb70ed67d162abb2b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/528eb4e19ec0df30d0c9ae4074ce945667dde919"
        }
      ],
      "title": "igc: don\u0027t fail igc_probe() on LED setup error",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-39956",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-09T09:47:34.253Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.149Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:33.822Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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