CVE-2026-89420 (GCVE-0-2026-89420)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 11:16 – Updated: 2026-09-22 12:04
VLAI
Title
Session voucher adding no new funds is accepted without a charge in mpp, serving paid resources for free
Summary
Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input in ZenHive mpp allows a client holding an open payment channel to obtain paid resources without being charged. MPP.Session.Actions.accept_voucher/3 in lib/mpp/session/actions.ex treats a voucher whose cumulativeAmount equals the channel's already-accepted cumulative amount as an idempotent success, returning the channel unchanged without calling maybe_spend/2. The credential verifies, the protected resource is served, and spent and units stay where they were. Because the server issues a fresh challenge per request and the credential replay store keys on challenge id and payload, the same signed voucher can be re-presented under every new challenge, so one paid voucher yields an unbounded number of paid units. The path is reachable from any method built on MPP.Session.Method through the Plug, MCP, JSON-RPC and WebSocket transports. This issue affects mpp: from 0.14.0 before 0.16.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 12:03 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1284 - Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input
Assigner
EEF CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard A 97/100 over 357 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
ZenHive mpp Affected: 0.14.0 , < 0.16.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
ZenHive mpp Affected: 82df569c898be1137189e3648e1edb4af6363651 , < 7270edc1dcfb58250cc5ee812876609206564165 (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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                  "name": "\u0027Elixir.MPP.Session.Actions\u0027:dispatch/2"
                },
                {
                  "name": "\u0027Elixir.MPP.Session.Actions\u0027:handle/2"
                }
              ],
              "repo": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp",
              "vendor": "ZenHive",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "0.16.2",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "0.14.0",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://github.com",
              "cpes": [
                "cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
              ],
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "modules": [
                "\u0027Elixir.MPP.Session.Actions\u0027"
              ],
              "packageName": "zenhive/mpp",
              "packageURL": "pkg:github/zenhive/mpp",
              "product": "mpp",
              "programFiles": [
                "lib/mpp/session/actions.ex"
              ],
              "programRoutines": [
                {
                  "name": "\u0027Elixir.MPP.Session.Actions\u0027:dispatch/2"
                },
                {
                  "name": "\u0027Elixir.MPP.Session.Actions\u0027:handle/2"
                }
              ],
              "repo": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp",
              "vendor": "ZenHive",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "7270edc1dcfb58250cc5ee812876609206564165",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "82df569c898be1137189e3648e1edb4af6363651",
                  "versionType": "git"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "0.16.2",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "0.14.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ],
              "operator": "AND"
            }
          ],
          "credits": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "finder",
              "value": "E.FU"
            },
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "remediation developer",
              "value": "E.FU"
            },
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "coordinator",
              "value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
            }
          ],
          "dateAssigned": "2026-09-15T15:23:05.000Z",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "\u003cp\u003eImproper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input in ZenHive mpp allows a client holding an open payment channel to obtain paid resources without being charged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eMPP.Session.Actions.accept_voucher/3\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/mpp/session/actions.ex\u003c/code\u003e treats a voucher whose \u003ccode\u003ecumulativeAmount\u003c/code\u003e equals the channel\u0027s already-accepted cumulative amount as an idempotent success, returning the channel unchanged without calling \u003ccode\u003emaybe_spend/2\u003c/code\u003e. The credential verifies, the protected resource is served, and \u003ccode\u003espent\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eunits\u003c/code\u003e stay where they were. Because the server issues a fresh challenge per request and the credential replay store keys on challenge id and payload, the same signed voucher can be re-presented under every new challenge, so one paid voucher yields an unbounded number of paid units. The path is reachable from any method built on \u003ccode\u003eMPP.Session.Method\u003c/code\u003e through the Plug, MCP, JSON-RPC and WebSocket transports.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects mpp: from 0.14.0 before 0.16.2.\u003c/p\u003e"
                },
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/markdown",
                  "value": "Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input in ZenHive mpp allows a client holding an open payment channel to obtain paid resources without being charged.\n\n`MPP.Session.Actions.accept_voucher/3` in `lib/mpp/session/actions.ex` treats a voucher whose `cumulativeAmount` equals the channel\u0027s already-accepted cumulative amount as an idempotent success, returning the channel unchanged without calling `maybe_spend/2`. The credential verifies, the protected resource is served, and `spent` and `units` stay where they were. Because the server issues a fresh challenge per request and the credential replay store keys on challenge id and payload, the same signed voucher can be re-presented under every new challenge, so one paid voucher yields an unbounded number of paid units. The path is reachable from any method built on `MPP.Session.Method` through the Plug, MCP, JSON-RPC and WebSocket transports.\n\nThis issue affects mpp: from 0.14.0 before 0.16.2."
                }
              ],
              "value": "Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input in ZenHive mpp allows a client holding an open payment channel to obtain paid resources without being charged.\n\nMPP.Session.Actions.accept_voucher/3 in lib/mpp/session/actions.ex treats a voucher whose cumulativeAmount equals the channel\u0027s already-accepted cumulative amount as an idempotent success, returning the channel unchanged without calling maybe_spend/2. The credential verifies, the protected resource is served, and spent and units stay where they were. Because the server issues a fresh challenge per request and the credential replay store keys on challenge id and payload, the same signed voucher can be re-presented under every new challenge, so one paid voucher yields an unbounded number of paid units. The path is reachable from any method built on MPP.Session.Method through the Plug, MCP, JSON-RPC and WebSocket transports.\n\nThis issue affects mpp: from 0.14.0 before 0.16.2."
            }
          ],
          "impacts": [
            {
              "capecId": "CAPEC-212",
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "supportingMedia": [
                    {
                      "base64": false,
                      "type": "text/html",
                      "value": "\u003cp\u003eA client that has opened and funded a payment channel once can re-present the same signed voucher indefinitely and receive paid resources without any further charge. Operators running mpp as paid-API middleware lose revenue in proportion to how much the client consumes, with nothing in the channel state recording the usage.\u003c/p\u003e"
                    },
                    {
                      "base64": false,
                      "type": "text/markdown",
                      "value": "A client that has opened and funded a payment channel once can re-present the same signed voucher indefinitely and receive paid resources without any further charge. Operators running mpp as paid-API middleware lose revenue in proportion to how much the client consumes, with nothing in the channel state recording the usage."
                    }
                  ],
                  "value": "A client that has opened and funded a payment channel once can re-present the same signed voucher indefinitely and receive paid resources without any further charge. Operators running mpp as paid-API middleware lose revenue in proportion to how much the client consumes, with nothing in the channel state recording the usage."
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "baseScore": 7.1,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-1284",
                  "description": "CWE-1284 Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-09-22T11:16:29.573Z",
            "orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "shortName": "EEF"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "GitHub Advisory",
              "tags": [
                "related",
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/security/advisories/GHSA-8c63-r789-xrrf"
            },
            {
              "name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-89420",
              "tags": [
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-89420.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-89420",
              "tags": [
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-89420"
            },
            {
              "name": "Introducing commit 82df569 in ZenHive/mpp",
              "tags": [
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/commit/82df569c898be1137189e3648e1edb4af6363651"
            },
            {
              "name": "Fix commit 7270edc in ZenHive/mpp",
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/commit/7270edc1dcfb58250cc5ee812876609206564165"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "discovery": "INTERNAL"
          },
          "title": "Session voucher adding no new funds is accepted without a charge in mpp, serving paid resources for free"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "assignerShortName": "EEF",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-89420",
        "datePublished": "2026-09-22T11:16:29.573Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-09-11T19:00:02.531Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-22T12:04:43.291Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
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  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

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How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

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    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.