CVE-2026-75758 (GCVE-0-2026-75758)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 11:28 – Updated: 2026-08-28 18:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unbounded recursion between Inspect.List charlist rendering and List.to_string/1 error path in Elixir
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in the Elixir standard library allows an attacker who controls a list passed to inspect/1, List.to_string/1, or List.to_charlist/1 to exhaust a BEAM node's memory.
Inspect.List's charlist branch in lib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex classifies a list as a charlist using List.ascii_printable?/2, which examines only the first :printable_limit (4096 by default) elements, and then calls IO.chardata_to_string/1 on the whole term. A list whose printable prefix exceeds that limit but which contains a later element that is not a code point (an atom, an out-of-range integer, or an improper tail) is therefore mis-classified, and the conversion raises ArgumentError. That conversion runs inside List.to_string/1, whose rescue clause builds its message by interpolating inspect(list), which re-enters the same branch and raises again. The nested inspection is an argument to raise, so the recursion is not in tail position and every level is retained: the process stack grows monotonically while each cycle re-walks the list, until the process is killed by max_heap_size or, by default, the node runs out of memory. List.to_charlist/1 has the same rescue shape.
Below the printable limit the inner inspect/1 sees the invalid element within its counter and renders the list in ordinary bracket form, so a single ArgumentError is raised and no recursion occurs.
This issue affects elixir: from 1.15.0-rc.0 before 1.18.5, from 1.19.0-rc.0 before 1.19.6, and from 1.20.0-rc.0 before 1.20.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 18:28 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| elixir-lang | elixir |
Affected:
1.15.0-rc.0 , < 1.18.5
(semver)
Affected: 1.19.0-rc.0 , < 1.19.6 (semver) Affected: 1.20.0-rc.0 , < 1.20.4 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:elixir-lang:elixir:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| elixir-lang | elixir |
Affected:
9718f2b90ce086ff8614d5782f4ec528495c98dd , < *
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-lang:elixir:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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That conversion runs inside List.to_string/1, whose rescue clause builds its message by interpolating inspect(list), which re-enters the same branch and raises again. The nested inspection is an argument to raise, so the recursion is not in tail position and every level is retained: the process stack grows monotonically while each cycle re-walks the list, until the process is killed by max_heap_size or, by default, the node runs out of memory. List.to_charlist/1 has the same rescue shape.\\n\\nBelow the printable limit the inner inspect/1 sees the invalid element within its counter and renders the list in ordinary bracket form, so a single ArgumentError is raised and no recursion occurs.\\n\\nThis issue affects elixir: from 1.15.0-rc.0 before 1.18.5, from 1.19.0-rc.0 before 1.19.6, and from 1.20.0-rc.0 before 1.20.4.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"elixir-lang\",\"product\":\"elixir\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"packageName\":\"elixir\",\"cpes\":[\"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-lang:elixir:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"],\"modules\":[\"\u0027Elixir.Inspect.List\u0027\",\"\u0027Elixir.List\u0027\",\"\u0027Elixir.IO\u0027\"],\"programFiles\":[\"lib/inspect.ex\",\"lib/list.ex\",\"lib/io.ex\"],\"programRoutines\":[{\"name\":\"\u0027Elixir.Inspect.List\u0027:inspect/2\"},{\"name\":\"\u0027Elixir.List\u0027:to_string/1\"},{\"name\":\"\u0027Elixir.List\u0027:to_charlist/1\"},{\"name\":\"\u0027Elixir.List\u0027:ascii_printable?/2\"},{\"name\":\"\u0027Elixir.IO\u0027:chardata_to_string/1\"}],\"repo\":\"https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir\",\"packageURL\":\"pkg:otp/elixir?repository_url=https:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Felixir-lang%2Felixir\u0026vcs_url=git%2Bhttps:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Felixir-lang%2Felixir.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"1.15.0-rc.0\",\"lessThan\":\"1.18.5\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1.19.0-rc.0\",\"lessThan\":\"1.19.6\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1.20.0-rc.0\",\"lessThan\":\"1.20.4\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"elixir-lang\",\"product\":\"elixir\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"collectionURL\":\"https://github.com\",\"packageName\":\"elixir-lang/elixir\",\"cpes\":[\"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-lang:elixir:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"],\"modules\":[\"\u0027Elixir.Inspect.List\u0027\",\"\u0027Elixir.List\u0027\",\"\u0027Elixir.IO\u0027\"],\"programFiles\":[\"lib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex\",\"lib/elixir/lib/list.ex\",\"lib/elixir/lib/io.ex\"],\"programRoutines\":[{\"name\":\"\u0027Elixir.Inspect.List\u0027:inspect/2\"},{\"name\":\"\u0027Elixir.List\u0027:to_string/1\"},{\"name\":\"\u0027Elixir.List\u0027:to_charlist/1\"},{\"name\":\"\u0027Elixir.List\u0027:ascii_printable?/2\"},{\"name\":\"\u0027Elixir.IO\u0027:chardata_to_string/1\"}],\"repo\":\"https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir\",\"packageURL\":\"pkg:github/elixir-lang/elixir\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"9718f2b90ce086ff8614d5782f4ec528495c98dd\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\",\"changes\":[{\"at\":\"1eff1acffd49bdcc0d7f57ca74c1603328eed68a\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"at\":\"5230d73968f1b4969d2a2646786fa6c71475f5cc\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"at\":\"a983c8c043b1fbf1d95df78a29149222dac2988c\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"at\":\"0bba5887577b1e328da825bd018815fdc519685a\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":5.9,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"PRESENT\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-08-28T18:28:19.564474Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2026-75758\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"poc\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-674\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-75758.html\",\"source\":\"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/commit/0bba5887577b1e328da825bd018815fdc519685a\",\"source\":\"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/commit/1eff1acffd49bdcc0d7f57ca74c1603328eed68a\",\"source\":\"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/commit/5230d73968f1b4969d2a2646786fa6c71475f5cc\",\"source\":\"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/commit/a983c8c043b1fbf1d95df78a29149222dac2988c\",\"source\":\"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/security/advisories/GHSA-jf5q-v438-665c\",\"source\":\"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\"},{\"url\":\"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-75758\",\"source\":\"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/security/advisories/GHSA-jf5q-v438-665c\",\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\"}]}}"
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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