Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-48712 (GCVE-0-2026-48712)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 16:21 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:54

Title

protobufjs: Denial of service through unbounded Any expansion during JSON conversion

Summary

protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 7.6.1 and 8.4.1, protobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while converting decoded messages to plain objects or JSON. This affected generated toObject() conversion and the custom google.protobuf.Any JSON conversion path. A crafted protobuf binary payload containing deeply nested Any values could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during conversion to JSON. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.6.1 and 8.4.1.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
protobufjs	protobuf.js	Affected: < 7.6.1 Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.4.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-48712

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-06-22 18:16 - Updated: 2026-06-26 20:04

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/security/advisories/GHSA-wcpc-wj8m-hjx6	Mitigation, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	protobufjs_project	protobufjs	*
	protobufjs_project	protobufjs	*

JSON

To clipboard

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  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "protobuf.js",
          "vendor": "protobufjs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 7.6.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c 8.4.1"
            }
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        }
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    }
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    }
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GHSA-WCPC-WJ8M-HJX6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-15 17:30 – Updated: 2026-06-15 17:30

Summary

protobufjs: Denial of service through unbounded Any expansion during JSON conversion

Details

Summary

protobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while converting decoded messages to plain objects or JSON. This affected generated toObject() conversion and the custom google.protobuf.Any JSON conversion path.

A crafted protobuf binary payload containing deeply nested Any values could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during conversion to JSON.

Impact

An attacker who can provide protobuf binary data decoded by an application may be able to crash the process or otherwise cause message conversion to fail with a stack overflow.

This affects applications that decode untrusted protobuf input containing google.protobuf.Any values and then convert decoded messages to JSON or plain objects with JSON conversion enabled, for example through JSON.stringify(message), Message#toJSON(), or Type.toObject(message, { json: true }).

Applications that only decode and re-encode protobuf binary data without converting decoded messages to JSON are not directly affected by this issue.

Preconditions

The application must decode protobuf binary data influenced by an attacker.
The application schema must include google.protobuf.Any, and the referenced type_url must resolve to a message type in the loaded protobuf root.
The application must convert the decoded message to JSON or a plain object through an affected conversion path.
The crafted input must contain deeply nested Any values that are expanded during conversion.

Workarounds

Avoid converting untrusted protobuf messages containing google.protobuf.Any values to JSON with affected versions. If immediate upgrade is not possible, reject or limit messages with deeply nested Any payloads at an outer protocol boundary where feasible, avoid JSON conversion of untrusted Any values, or isolate message conversion in a process that can be safely restarted.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

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  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.6.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "protobufjs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
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              "fixed": "7.6.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.4.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "protobufjs"
      },
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        {
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            {
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            },
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              "fixed": "8.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-48712"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-15T17:30:15Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nprotobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while converting decoded messages to plain objects or JSON. This affected generated `toObject()` conversion and the custom `google.protobuf.Any` JSON conversion path.\n\nA crafted protobuf binary payload containing deeply nested `Any` values could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during conversion to JSON.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who can provide protobuf binary data decoded by an application may be able to crash the process or otherwise cause message conversion to fail with a stack overflow.\n\nThis affects applications that decode untrusted protobuf input containing `google.protobuf.Any` values and then convert decoded messages to JSON or plain objects with JSON conversion enabled, for example through `JSON.stringify(message)`, `Message#toJSON()`, or `Type.toObject(message, { json: true })`.\n\nApplications that only decode and re-encode protobuf binary data without converting decoded messages to JSON are not directly affected by this issue.\n\n## Preconditions\n\n* The application must decode protobuf binary data influenced by an attacker.\n* The application schema must include `google.protobuf.Any`, and the referenced `type_url` must resolve to a message type in the loaded protobuf root.\n* The application must convert the decoded message to JSON or a plain object through an affected conversion path.\n* The crafted input must contain deeply nested `Any` values that are expanded during conversion.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nAvoid converting untrusted protobuf messages containing `google.protobuf.Any` values to JSON with affected versions. If immediate upgrade is not possible, reject or limit messages with deeply nested `Any` payloads at an outer protocol boundary where feasible, avoid JSON conversion of untrusted `Any` values, or isolate message conversion in a process that can be safely restarted.",
  "id": "GHSA-wcpc-wj8m-hjx6",
  "modified": "2026-06-15T17:30:15Z",
  "published": "2026-06-15T17:30:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/security/advisories/GHSA-wcpc-wj8m-hjx6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "protobufjs: Denial of service through unbounded Any expansion during JSON conversion"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-48712 (GCVE-0-2026-48712)

FKIE_CVE-2026-48712

GHSA-WCPC-WJ8M-HJX6

Summary

Impact

Preconditions

Workarounds

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature