CVE-2026-23231 (GCVE-0-2026-23231)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-04 12:58 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
netfilter: nf_tables: fix use-after-free in nf_tables_addchain()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: nf_tables: fix use-after-free in nf_tables_addchain()
nf_tables_addchain() publishes the chain to table->chains via
list_add_tail_rcu() (in nft_chain_add()) before registering hooks.
If nf_tables_register_hook() then fails, the error path calls
nft_chain_del() (list_del_rcu()) followed by nf_tables_chain_destroy()
with no RCU grace period in between.
This creates two use-after-free conditions:
1) Control-plane: nf_tables_dump_chains() traverses table->chains
under rcu_read_lock(). A concurrent dump can still be walking
the chain when the error path frees it.
2) Packet path: for NFPROTO_INET, nf_register_net_hook() briefly
installs the IPv4 hook before IPv6 registration fails. Packets
entering nft_do_chain() via the transient IPv4 hook can still be
dereferencing chain->blob_gen_X when the error path frees the
chain.
Add synchronize_rcu() between nft_chain_del() and the chain destroy
so that all RCU readers -- both dump threads and in-flight packet
evaluation -- have finished before the chain is freed.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-16 20:18 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
9 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc , < 2a6586ecfa4ce1413daaafee250d2590e05f1a33
(git)
Affected: 91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc , < 7017745068a9068904e1e7a1b170a5785647cc81 (git) Affected: 91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc , < f3fe58ce37926a10115ede527d59b91bcc05400a (git) Affected: 91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc , < dbd0af8083dd201f07c49110b2ee93710abdff28 (git) Affected: 91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc , < 2f9a4ffeb763aec822f8ff3d1e82202d27d46d4b (git) Affected: 91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc , < 71e99ee20fc3f662555118cf1159443250647533 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3.16
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.16 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.165 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.128 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.75 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.14 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19.4 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed | |
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RST2428P |
Affected:
0 , < V4.0
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.5 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.5 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.5 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed |
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Si nf_tables_register_hook() falla entonces, la ruta de error llama a nft_chain_del() (list_del_rcu()) seguido de nf_tables_chain_destroy() sin un per\u00edodo de gracia RCU intermedio.\\n\\nEsto crea dos condiciones de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n:\\n\\n1) Plano de control: nf_tables_dump_chains() recorre table-\u0026gt;chains bajo rcu_read_lock(). Un volcado concurrente a\u00fan puede estar recorriendo la cadena cuando la ruta de error la libera.\\n\\n2) Ruta de paquetes: para NFPROTO_INET, nf_register_net_hook() instala brevemente el gancho IPv4 antes de que falle el registro de IPv6. 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"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-11T09:46:11+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-23231",
"id": "CVE-2026-23231",
"initial_release_date": "2026-03-04T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "2416",
"product_status:known_affected": "22",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: kernel: Privilege escalation or denial of service via use-after-free in nf_tables_addchain()",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-23231.json",
"version": "3"
},
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A concurrent dump can still be walking\\n the chain when the error path frees it.\\n\\n 2) Packet path: for NFPROTO_INET, nf_register_net_hook() briefly\\n installs the IPv4 hook before IPv6 registration fails. Packets\\n entering nft_do_chain() via the transient IPv4 hook can still be\\n dereferencing chain-\u003eblob_gen_X when the error path frees the\\n chain.\\n\\nAdd synchronize_rcu() between nft_chain_del() and the chain destroy\\nso that all RCU readers -- both dump threads and in-flight packet\\nevaluation -- have finished before the chain is freed.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.165\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"3.16\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.128\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"3.16\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.75\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"3.16\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.18.14\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"3.16\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.19.4\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"3.16\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"7.0\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"3.16\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T12:20:47.711Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-23231\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-08T08:45:05.203Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-01-13T15:37:45.988Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-03-04T12:58:42.029Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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