Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-107721 (GCVE-0-2026-107721)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 21:45 – Updated: 2026-10-09 15:13

Title

fast-jwt clockTolerance: Infinity silently bypasses both exp and nbf validation (and persists in the verifier cache)

Summary

fast-jwt provides fast JSON Web Token (JWT) implementation. Prior to 6.3.0, fast-jwt createVerifier accepts Infinity for clockTolerance because its option validation checks type and negativity but not finiteness. In validateClaimDateValue, infinite positive and negative modifiers make exp and nbf comparisons always pass, allowing expired or not-yet-active tokens to be accepted. The verifier cache also derives infinite bounds, so entries created under this configuration can remain valid until eviction. Exploitation requires an application administrator or equivalent configuration path to set clockTolerance to Infinity. This issue is fixed in version 6.3.0.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-09 15:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-613 - Insufficient Session Expiration
CWE-682 - Incorrect Calculation

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7617 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt/security/adv…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt/commit/c0fb5…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt/releases/tag…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
nearform	fast-jwt	Affected: < 6.3.0	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-107721

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-10-08 22:17 - Updated: 2026-10-09 16:17

Severity

5.9 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt/commit/c0fb5b88b4c88ff2bdd194ca2c713599ad9e38b6
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt/releases/tag/v6.3.0
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-687g-22h4-j4w4

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "fast-jwt",
          "vendor": "nearform",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 6.3.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
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    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "fast-jwt provides fast JSON Web Token (JWT) implementation. Prior to 6.3.0, fast-jwt createVerifier accepts Infinity for clockTolerance because its option validation checks type and negativity but not finiteness. In validateClaimDateValue, infinite positive and negative modifiers make exp and nbf comparisons always pass, allowing expired or not-yet-active tokens to be accepted. The verifier cache also derives infinite bounds, so entries created under this configuration can remain valid until eviction. Exploitation requires an application administrator or equivalent configuration path to set clockTolerance to Infinity. This issue is fixed in version 6.3.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-107721",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-09T16:17:23.590",
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GHSA-687G-22H4-J4W4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-08 22:02 – Updated: 2026-10-08 22:02

Summary

fast-jwt clockTolerance: Infinity silently bypasses both exp and nbf validation (and persists in the verifier cache)

Details

Summary

createVerifier({ clockTolerance: Infinity }) silently bypasses both exp (expiry) AND nbf (not-before) validation. Any expired or not-yet-active token is accepted as valid. The same primitive also corrupts the verifier's internal cache so cached entries inherit infinite validity — they remain valid past a later developer-removed Infinity config until LRU eviction.

Vulnerable code

src/verifier.js:531-533 — option validation only rejects negative values, not Infinity:

if (clockTolerance && (typeof clockTolerance !== 'number' || clockTolerance < 0)) {
  throw new TokenError(TokenError.codes.invalidOption, 'The clockTolerance option must be a positive number.')
}

Infinity passes (it's a number, not less than 0, truthy).

src/verifier.js:583-602 — clockTolerance flows into the date-claim validators:

if (!ignoreNotBefore) {
  validators.push({ ..., modifier: -clockTolerance })   // → -Infinity
}
if (!ignoreExpiration) {
  validators.push({ ..., modifier: +clockTolerance })   // → Infinity
}

src/verifier.js:198-205 — applies modifier additively, producing always-pass comparisons:

function validateClaimDateValue(value, modifier, now, greater, errorCode, errorVerb) {
  const adjusted = value * 1000 + (modifier || 0)   // → ±Infinity
  const valid = greater ? now >= adjusted : now <= adjusted   // → always true
  ...
}

Empirical PoC

const { createSigner, createVerifier } = require('fast-jwt')
const secret = 'test-secret-with-enough-length-to-pass'

const sign = createSigner({ key: secret, algorithm: 'HS256' })
const expiredToken = sign({
  sub: 'alice',
  iat: Math.floor(Date.now()/1000) - 3600,
  exp: Math.floor(Date.now()/1000) - 1800,  // expired 30 min ago
})

const v1 = createVerifier({ key: secret })
try { v1(expiredToken) } catch (e) { console.log('baseline rejects:', e.message) }
// → "The token has expired at ..."

const v2 = createVerifier({ key: secret, clockTolerance: Infinity })
console.log('bypass:', v2(expiredToken))
// → { sub: 'alice', iat: ..., exp: ... }  ← expired token accepted as valid

// Not-yet-active token (nbf in 1 day) — same bypass
const futureToken = sign({
  sub: 'bob',
  iat: Math.floor(Date.now()/1000),
  nbf: Math.floor(Date.now()/1000) + 86400,
})
console.log('bypass nbf:', v2(futureToken))
// → { sub: 'bob', ... }  ← not-yet-active token accepted as valid

Verified against fast-jwt@HEAD on 2026-06-03 (commit pulled today).

Cache side-effect

The verifier's LRU cache uses clockTolerance to compute the cache entry's expiry window:

src/verifier.js:121-134:

cacheValue[1] = ... payload.nbf * 1000 - clockTolerance : 0                   // → -Infinity
cacheValue[2] = payload.exp * 1000 + clockTolerance                            // → Infinity
const maxTTL = clockTimestamp + clockTolerance + cacheTTL                      // → Infinity

With clockTolerance: Infinity, cache entries are stored with [min=-Infinity, max=Infinity]. The cache-hit check (min === 0 || now < min || now <= max) always passes for cached tokens.

Consequence: a developer who briefly sets clockTolerance: Infinity (e.g., during debug) and then removes it will find that any verifications performed during the debug window remain cached as valid until LRU eviction (default 1000 entries).

Asymmetric hardening — the smoking-gun shape

src/signer.js:98, 104 CORRECTLY uses Number.isFinite() to reject Infinity for expiresIn and notBefore:

expiresIn != null && Number.isFinite(expiresIn)
  ? Math.floor((iat + expiresIn) / 1000)
  : ...

The verifier's clockTolerance validation doesn't apply the same guard. The same < 0 check pattern is also applied to clockTimestamp (line 527-529) and cacheTTL (line 535-537) — both also accept Infinity.

This is the kind of asymmetry that often indicates a missed hardening pass: the sign-side was hardened against Infinity but the verify-side wasn't.

Threat model

The bug requires the developer to (mis)configure clockTolerance: Infinity. Realistic ways this happens:

Developer using Infinity as a sentinel for "disable expiry": common JS idiom; many libraries accept Infinity as "no limit." fast-jwt's signer treats Infinity as invalid (Number.isFinite false) but the verifier silently accepts it.
JSON / env-var misconfig: config file or env var sets clockTolerance to "Infinity" (string); Number("Infinity") === Infinity. Surprising via JSON.parse + Number cast or even JSON.parse('{"clockTolerance": null}') if the codec accepts null → Infinity.
Test config bleed: integration tests use Infinity to make tokens never expire during long-running tests; the config bleeds into production.

For a JWT library, silently disabling token expiry on a "looks like a non-negative number" input is a security boundary failure.

Suggested fix

Single-line addition: use Number.isFinite() consistent with signer.js:

if (clockTolerance && (typeof clockTolerance !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(clockTolerance) || clockTolerance < 0)) {
  throw new TokenError(TokenError.codes.invalidOption, 'The clockTolerance option must be a finite, non-negative number.')
}

Same fix for clockTimestamp (line 527-529) and cacheTTL (line 535-537) for consistency.

Optional defense-in-depth: cap clockTolerance to a reasonable upper bound (e.g., 5 minutes = 300000 ms) with a process.emitWarning above that. Most legitimate use cases need <60s tolerance.

Affected versions

All versions since clockTolerance was first introduced in PR #193 (v1.5.1). Current main HEAD on 2026-06-03 is affected.

Reporter

Andrew Ridings (independent security researcher). Happy to coordinate disclosure timing and follow up with any clarifications. Email: ridingsa@gmail.com

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.2.4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "fast-jwt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-107721"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-613",
      "CWE-682"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-08T22:02:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`createVerifier({ clockTolerance: Infinity })` silently bypasses both `exp` (expiry) AND `nbf` (not-before) validation. Any expired or not-yet-active token is accepted as valid. The same primitive also corrupts the verifier\u0027s internal cache so cached entries inherit infinite validity \u2014 they remain valid past a later developer-removed Infinity config until LRU eviction.\n\n## Vulnerable code\n\n`src/verifier.js:531-533` \u2014 option validation only rejects negative values, not Infinity:\n\n```js\nif (clockTolerance \u0026\u0026 (typeof clockTolerance !== \u0027number\u0027 || clockTolerance \u003c 0)) {\n  throw new TokenError(TokenError.codes.invalidOption, \u0027The clockTolerance option must be a positive number.\u0027)\n}\n```\n\n`Infinity` passes (it\u0027s a number, not less than 0, truthy).\n\n`src/verifier.js:583-602` \u2014 clockTolerance flows into the date-claim validators:\n\n```js\nif (!ignoreNotBefore) {\n  validators.push({ ..., modifier: -clockTolerance })   // \u2192 -Infinity\n}\nif (!ignoreExpiration) {\n  validators.push({ ..., modifier: +clockTolerance })   // \u2192 Infinity\n}\n```\n\n`src/verifier.js:198-205` \u2014 applies modifier additively, producing always-pass comparisons:\n\n```js\nfunction validateClaimDateValue(value, modifier, now, greater, errorCode, errorVerb) {\n  const adjusted = value * 1000 + (modifier || 0)   // \u2192 \u00b1Infinity\n  const valid = greater ? now \u003e= adjusted : now \u003c= adjusted   // \u2192 always true\n  ...\n}\n```\n\n## Empirical PoC\n\n```js\nconst { createSigner, createVerifier } = require(\u0027fast-jwt\u0027)\nconst secret = \u0027test-secret-with-enough-length-to-pass\u0027\n\nconst sign = createSigner({ key: secret, algorithm: \u0027HS256\u0027 })\nconst expiredToken = sign({\n  sub: \u0027alice\u0027,\n  iat: Math.floor(Date.now()/1000) - 3600,\n  exp: Math.floor(Date.now()/1000) - 1800,  // expired 30 min ago\n})\n\nconst v1 = createVerifier({ key: secret })\ntry { v1(expiredToken) } catch (e) { console.log(\u0027baseline rejects:\u0027, e.message) }\n// \u2192 \"The token has expired at ...\"\n\nconst v2 = createVerifier({ key: secret, clockTolerance: Infinity })\nconsole.log(\u0027bypass:\u0027, v2(expiredToken))\n// \u2192 { sub: \u0027alice\u0027, iat: ..., exp: ... }  \u2190 expired token accepted as valid\n\n// Not-yet-active token (nbf in 1 day) \u2014 same bypass\nconst futureToken = sign({\n  sub: \u0027bob\u0027,\n  iat: Math.floor(Date.now()/1000),\n  nbf: Math.floor(Date.now()/1000) + 86400,\n})\nconsole.log(\u0027bypass nbf:\u0027, v2(futureToken))\n// \u2192 { sub: \u0027bob\u0027, ... }  \u2190 not-yet-active token accepted as valid\n```\n\nVerified against `fast-jwt@HEAD` on 2026-06-03 (commit pulled today).\n\n## Cache side-effect\n\nThe verifier\u0027s LRU cache uses `clockTolerance` to compute the cache entry\u0027s expiry window:\n\n`src/verifier.js:121-134`:\n```js\ncacheValue[1] = ... payload.nbf * 1000 - clockTolerance : 0                   // \u2192 -Infinity\ncacheValue[2] = payload.exp * 1000 + clockTolerance                            // \u2192 Infinity\nconst maxTTL = clockTimestamp + clockTolerance + cacheTTL                      // \u2192 Infinity\n```\n\nWith `clockTolerance: Infinity`, cache entries are stored with `[min=-Infinity, max=Infinity]`. The cache-hit check (`min === 0 || now \u003c min || now \u003c= max`) always passes for cached tokens.\n\n**Consequence**: a developer who briefly sets `clockTolerance: Infinity` (e.g., during debug) and then removes it will find that any verifications performed during the debug window remain cached as valid until LRU eviction (default 1000 entries).\n\n## Asymmetric hardening \u2014 the smoking-gun shape\n\n`src/signer.js:98, 104` CORRECTLY uses `Number.isFinite()` to reject Infinity for `expiresIn` and `notBefore`:\n\n```js\nexpiresIn != null \u0026\u0026 Number.isFinite(expiresIn)\n  ? Math.floor((iat + expiresIn) / 1000)\n  : ...\n```\n\nThe verifier\u0027s `clockTolerance` validation doesn\u0027t apply the same guard. The same `\u003c 0` check pattern is also applied to `clockTimestamp` (line 527-529) and `cacheTTL` (line 535-537) \u2014 both also accept `Infinity`.\n\nThis is the kind of asymmetry that often indicates a missed hardening pass: the sign-side was hardened against Infinity but the verify-side wasn\u0027t.\n\n## Threat model\n\nThe bug requires the developer to (mis)configure `clockTolerance: Infinity`. Realistic ways this happens:\n\n1. **Developer using Infinity as a sentinel** for \"disable expiry\": common JS idiom; many libraries accept Infinity as \"no limit.\" fast-jwt\u0027s signer treats Infinity as invalid (Number.isFinite false) but the verifier silently accepts it.\n2. **JSON / env-var misconfig**: config file or env var sets `clockTolerance` to `\"Infinity\"` (string); `Number(\"Infinity\") === Infinity`. Surprising via JSON.parse + Number cast or even `JSON.parse(\u0027{\"clockTolerance\": null}\u0027)` if the codec accepts null \u2192 Infinity.\n3. **Test config bleed**: integration tests use Infinity to make tokens never expire during long-running tests; the config bleeds into production.\n\nFor a JWT library, silently disabling token expiry on a \"looks like a non-negative number\" input is a security boundary failure.\n\n## Suggested fix\n\nSingle-line addition: use `Number.isFinite()` consistent with signer.js:\n\n```js\nif (clockTolerance \u0026\u0026 (typeof clockTolerance !== \u0027number\u0027 || !Number.isFinite(clockTolerance) || clockTolerance \u003c 0)) {\n  throw new TokenError(TokenError.codes.invalidOption, \u0027The clockTolerance option must be a finite, non-negative number.\u0027)\n}\n```\n\nSame fix for `clockTimestamp` (line 527-529) and `cacheTTL` (line 535-537) for consistency.\n\nOptional defense-in-depth: cap `clockTolerance` to a reasonable upper bound (e.g., 5 minutes = 300000 ms) with a `process.emitWarning` above that. Most legitimate use cases need \u003c60s tolerance.\n\n## Affected versions\n\nAll versions since clockTolerance was first introduced in PR #193 (v1.5.1). Current `main` HEAD on 2026-06-03 is affected.\n\n## Reporter\n\nAndrew Ridings (independent security researcher). Happy to coordinate disclosure timing and follow up with any clarifications. Email: ridingsa@gmail.com",
  "id": "GHSA-687g-22h4-j4w4",
  "modified": "2026-10-08T22:02:03Z",
  "published": "2026-10-08T22:02:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-687g-22h4-j4w4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt/commit/c0fb5b88b4c88ff2bdd194ca2c713599ad9e38b6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt/releases/tag/v6.3.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "fast-jwt clockTolerance: Infinity silently bypasses both exp and nbf validation (and persists in the verifier cache)"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Action not permitted

CVE-2026-107721 (GCVE-0-2026-107721)

FKIE_CVE-2026-107721

GHSA-687G-22H4-J4W4

Summary

Vulnerable code

Empirical PoC

Cache side-effect

Asymmetric hardening — the smoking-gun shape

Threat model

Suggested fix

Affected versions

Reporter

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour