Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-103600 (GCVE-0-2026-103600)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-02 07:08 – Updated: 2026-10-02 07:08

Title

Unbounded ASN.1 nesting depth causes process-terminating stack overflow

Summary

Uncontrolled recursion in the ASN.1 parser (Asn1InputStream, Asn1StreamParser) in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. bc-csharp before 2.7.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted ASN.1 encoding of deeply nested constructed elements (for example SEQUENCE inside SEQUENCE, in definite-length DER or indefinite-length BER form), because each nesting level is parsed by a further recursive call with no bound on depth. About 2,000 levels (8 KB of DER) are enough to exhaust a 1.5 MB thread stack, the .NET main-thread default on Windows, and raise a StackOverflowException, which .NET cannot catch and which terminates the whole process; on threads with larger stacks, parse time instead grows quadratically with depth (about 9 seconds of CPU for a 64 KB input). Any path that parses untrusted ASN.1 is exposed, including X.509 certificates and CRLs, CMS/PKCS#7, PKCS#8/PKCS#12, OCSP and TLS Certificate messages.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CWE

CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion

Assigner

bcorg mitre root Scorecard

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/wiki/CVE-2026-103600	vendor-advisory
https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/89c81b0…	patch
https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/b99f4e3…	patch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.	bc-csharp	Affected: 0 , < 2.7.0 (semver)	guessed

Credits

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://www.nuget.org/packages/BouncyCastle.Cryptography",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "BouncyCastle.Cryptography",
          "product": "bc-csharp",
          "programFiles": [
            "crypto/src/asn1/Asn1InputStream.cs",
            "crypto/src/asn1/ASN1StreamParser.cs"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp",
          "vendor": "Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.7.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Yt"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Uncontrolled recursion in the ASN.1 parser (Asn1InputStream, Asn1StreamParser) in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. bc-csharp before 2.7.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted ASN.1 encoding of deeply nested constructed elements (for example SEQUENCE inside SEQUENCE, in definite-length DER or indefinite-length BER form), because each nesting level is parsed by a further recursive call with no bound on depth. About 2,000 levels (8 KB of DER) are enough to exhaust a 1.5 MB thread stack, the .NET main-thread default on Windows, and raise a StackOverflowException, which .NET cannot catch and which terminates the whole process; on threads with larger stacks, parse time instead grows quadratically with depth (about 9 seconds of CPU for a 64 KB input). Any path that parses untrusted ASN.1 is exposed, including X.509 certificates and CRLs, CMS/PKCS#7, PKCS#8/PKCS#12, OCSP and TLS Certificate messages."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Uncontrolled recursion in the ASN.1 parser (Asn1InputStream, Asn1StreamParser) in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. bc-csharp before 2.7.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted ASN.1 encoding of deeply nested constructed elements (for example SEQUENCE inside SEQUENCE, in definite-length DER or indefinite-length BER form), because each nesting level is parsed by a further recursive call with no bound on depth. About 2,000 levels (8 KB of DER) are enough to exhaust a 1.5 MB thread stack, the .NET main-thread default on Windows, and raise a StackOverflowException, which .NET cannot catch and which terminates the whole process; on threads with larger stacks, parse time instead grows quadratically with depth (about 9 seconds of CPU for a 64 KB input). Any path that parses untrusted ASN.1 is exposed, including X.509 certificates and CRLs, CMS/PKCS#7, PKCS#8/PKCS#12, OCSP and TLS Certificate messages."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Denial of Service (process termination by StackOverflowException; quadratic CPU use on large-stack threads)"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-674",
              "description": "CWE-674 Uncontrolled Recursion",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-02T07:08:51.653Z",
        "orgId": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
        "shortName": "bcorg"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/wiki/CVE-2026-103600"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/89c81b0da7fe11cd70013285560bbc472cb73901"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/b99f4e3dcea05b57becc79dfa6ad91a54c778d65"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Unbounded ASN.1 nesting depth causes process-terminating stack overflow",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Claude Opus 5.5"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
    "assignerShortName": "bcorg",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-103600",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-02T07:08:51.653Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-30T23:01:10.053Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-02T07:08:51.653Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://www.nuget.org/packages/BouncyCastle.Cryptography",
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "packageName": "BouncyCastle.Cryptography",
                "product": "bc-csharp",
                "programFiles": [
                  "crypto/src/asn1/Asn1InputStream.cs",
                  "crypto/src/asn1/ASN1StreamParser.cs"
                ],
                "repo": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp",
                "vendor": "Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "2.7.0",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Uncontrolled recursion in the ASN.1 parser (Asn1InputStream, Asn1StreamParser) in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. bc-csharp before 2.7.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted ASN.1 encoding of deeply nested constructed elements (for example SEQUENCE inside SEQUENCE, in definite-length DER or indefinite-length BER form), because each nesting level is parsed by a further recursive call with no bound on depth. About 2,000 levels (8 KB of DER) are enough to exhaust a 1.5 MB thread stack, the .NET main-thread default on Windows, and raise a StackOverflowException, which .NET cannot catch and which terminates the whole process; on threads with larger stacks, parse time instead grows quadratically with depth (about 9 seconds of CPU for a 64 KB input). Any path that parses untrusted ASN.1 is exposed, including X.509 certificates and CRLs, CMS/PKCS#7, PKCS#8/PKCS#12, OCSP and TLS Certificate messages."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-103600",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-02T08:17:00.363",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV40": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "baseScore": 8.7,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-02T08:17:00.363",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
            "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/89c81b0da7fe11cd70013285560bbc472cb73901"
          },
          {
            "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
            "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/b99f4e3dcea05b57becc79dfa6ad91a54c778d65"
          },
          {
            "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
            "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/wiki/CVE-2026-103600"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
        "vulnStatus": "Received",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-674"
              }
            ],
            "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-103600

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-10-02 08:17 - Updated: 2026-10-02 08:17

Severity

8.7 (High) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630	https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/89c81b0da7fe11cd70013285560bbc472cb73901
	91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630	https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/b99f4e3dcea05b57becc79dfa6ad91a54c778d65
	91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630	https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/wiki/CVE-2026-103600

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://www.nuget.org/packages/BouncyCastle.Cryptography",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "BouncyCastle.Cryptography",
          "product": "bc-csharp",
          "programFiles": [
            "crypto/src/asn1/Asn1InputStream.cs",
            "crypto/src/asn1/ASN1StreamParser.cs"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp",
          "vendor": "Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.7.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Uncontrolled recursion in the ASN.1 parser (Asn1InputStream, Asn1StreamParser) in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. bc-csharp before 2.7.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted ASN.1 encoding of deeply nested constructed elements (for example SEQUENCE inside SEQUENCE, in definite-length DER or indefinite-length BER form), because each nesting level is parsed by a further recursive call with no bound on depth. About 2,000 levels (8 KB of DER) are enough to exhaust a 1.5 MB thread stack, the .NET main-thread default on Windows, and raise a StackOverflowException, which .NET cannot catch and which terminates the whole process; on threads with larger stacks, parse time instead grows quadratically with depth (about 9 seconds of CPU for a 64 KB input). Any path that parses untrusted ASN.1 is exposed, including X.509 certificates and CRLs, CMS/PKCS#7, PKCS#8/PKCS#12, OCSP and TLS Certificate messages."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-103600",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-02T08:17:00.363",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 8.7,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-10-02T08:17:00.363",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/89c81b0da7fe11cd70013285560bbc472cb73901"
    },
    {
      "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/b99f4e3dcea05b57becc79dfa6ad91a54c778d65"
    },
    {
      "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/wiki/CVE-2026-103600"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-674"
        }
      ],
      "source": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XP76-RP77-X5W9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-02 09:31 – Updated: 2026-10-02 09:31

Details

Severity

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-103600"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-02T08:17:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Uncontrolled recursion in the ASN.1 parser (Asn1InputStream, Asn1StreamParser) in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. bc-csharp before 2.7.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted ASN.1 encoding of deeply nested constructed elements (for example SEQUENCE inside SEQUENCE, in definite-length DER or indefinite-length BER form), because each nesting level is parsed by a further recursive call with no bound on depth. About 2,000 levels (8 KB of DER) are enough to exhaust a 1.5 MB thread stack, the .NET main-thread default on Windows, and raise a StackOverflowException, which .NET cannot catch and which terminates the whole process; on threads with larger stacks, parse time instead grows quadratically with depth (about 9 seconds of CPU for a 64 KB input). Any path that parses untrusted ASN.1 is exposed, including X.509 certificates and CRLs, CMS/PKCS#7, PKCS#8/PKCS#12, OCSP and TLS Certificate messages.",
  "id": "GHSA-xp76-rp77-x5w9",
  "modified": "2026-10-02T09:31:18Z",
  "published": "2026-10-02T09:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-103600"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/89c81b0da7fe11cd70013285560bbc472cb73901"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/b99f4e3dcea05b57becc79dfa6ad91a54c778d65"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/wiki/CVE-2026-103600"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-103600 (GCVE-0-2026-103600)

FKIE_CVE-2026-103600

GHSA-XP76-RP77-X5W9

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour