CVE-2025-40150 (GCVE-0-2025-40150)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 10:23 – Updated: 2026-05-23 16:01
VLAI
Title
f2fs: fix to avoid migrating empty section
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to avoid migrating empty section It reports a bug from device w/ zufs: F2FS-fs (dm-64): Inconsistent segment (173822) type [1, 0] in SSA and SIT F2FS-fs (dm-64): Stopped filesystem due to reason: 4 Thread A Thread B - f2fs_expand_inode_data - f2fs_allocate_pinning_section - f2fs_gc_range - do_garbage_collect w/ segno #x - writepage - f2fs_allocate_data_block - new_curseg - allocate segno #x The root cause is: fallocate on pinning file may race w/ block allocation as above, result in do_garbage_collect() from fallocate() may migrate segment which is just allocated by a log, the log will update segment type in its in-memory structure, however GC will get segment type from on-disk SSA block, once segment type changes by log, we can detect such inconsistency, then shutdown filesystem. In this case, on-disk SSA shows type of segno #173822 is 1 (SUM_TYPE_NODE), however segno #173822 was just allocated as data type segment, so in-memory SIT shows type of segno #173822 is 0 (SUM_TYPE_DATA). Change as below to fix this issue: - check whether current section is empty before gc - add sanity checks on do_garbage_collect() to avoid any race case, result in migrating segment used by log. - btw, it fixes misc issue in printed logs: "SSA and SIT" -> "SIT and SSA".
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7033 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 40d76c393cca83938b11eb7ca8983aa3cd0ed69b , < db489778e6f2a4034c2cd26fadda2796eba24dcd (git)
Affected: 9703d69d9d153bb230711d0d577454552aeb13d4 , < 25d2dc669f2a7e48b335d1cb07139f2ffc9fe5df (git)
Affected: 9703d69d9d153bb230711d0d577454552aeb13d4 , < eec1589be36fcf7440755703e4faeee2c01e360b (git)
Affected: 9703d69d9d153bb230711d0d577454552aeb13d4 , < d625a2b08c089397d3a03bff13fa8645e4ec7a01 (git)
Affected: 6.6.33 , < 6.6.130 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.9
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.9 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.130 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.78 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.3 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/f2fs/gc.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "db489778e6f2a4034c2cd26fadda2796eba24dcd",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "40d76c393cca83938b11eb7ca8983aa3cd0ed69b",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "25d2dc669f2a7e48b335d1cb07139f2ffc9fe5df",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9703d69d9d153bb230711d0d577454552aeb13d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "eec1589be36fcf7440755703e4faeee2c01e360b",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9703d69d9d153bb230711d0d577454552aeb13d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "d625a2b08c089397d3a03bff13fa8645e4ec7a01",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9703d69d9d153bb230711d0d577454552aeb13d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.6.130",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.6.33",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/f2fs/gc.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.9"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.9",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.130",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.78",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.130",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.33",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.78",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: fix to avoid migrating empty section\n\nIt reports a bug from device w/ zufs:\n\nF2FS-fs (dm-64): Inconsistent segment (173822) type [1, 0] in SSA and SIT\nF2FS-fs (dm-64): Stopped filesystem due to reason: 4\n\nThread A\t\t\t\tThread B\n- f2fs_expand_inode_data\n - f2fs_allocate_pinning_section\n  - f2fs_gc_range\n   - do_garbage_collect w/ segno #x\n\t\t\t\t\t- writepage\n\t\t\t\t\t - f2fs_allocate_data_block\n\t\t\t\t\t  - new_curseg\n\t\t\t\t\t   - allocate segno #x\n\nThe root cause is: fallocate on pinning file may race w/ block allocation\nas above, result in do_garbage_collect() from fallocate() may migrate\nsegment which is just allocated by a log, the log will update segment type\nin its in-memory structure, however GC will get segment type from on-disk\nSSA block, once segment type changes by log, we can detect such\ninconsistency, then shutdown filesystem.\n\nIn this case, on-disk SSA shows type of segno #173822 is 1 (SUM_TYPE_NODE),\nhowever segno #173822 was just allocated as data type segment, so in-memory\nSIT shows type of segno #173822 is 0 (SUM_TYPE_DATA).\n\nChange as below to fix this issue:\n- check whether current section is empty before gc\n- add sanity checks on do_garbage_collect() to avoid any race case, result\nin migrating segment used by log.\n- btw, it fixes misc issue in printed logs: \"SSA and SIT\" -\u003e \"SIT and SSA\"."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T16:01:31.919Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db489778e6f2a4034c2cd26fadda2796eba24dcd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/25d2dc669f2a7e48b335d1cb07139f2ffc9fe5df"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eec1589be36fcf7440755703e4faeee2c01e360b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d625a2b08c089397d3a03bff13fa8645e4ec7a01"
        }
      ],
      "title": "f2fs: fix to avoid migrating empty section",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40150",
    "datePublished": "2025-11-12T10:23:27.399Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.175Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T16:01:31.919Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40150",
      "date": "2026-10-30",
      "epss": "0.00264",
      "percentile": "0.18353"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "fs/f2fs/gc.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "db489778e6f2a4034c2cd26fadda2796eba24dcd",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "40d76c393cca83938b11eb7ca8983aa3cd0ed69b",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "25d2dc669f2a7e48b335d1cb07139f2ffc9fe5df",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "9703d69d9d153bb230711d0d577454552aeb13d4",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "eec1589be36fcf7440755703e4faeee2c01e360b",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "9703d69d9d153bb230711d0d577454552aeb13d4",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "d625a2b08c089397d3a03bff13fa8645e4ec7a01",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "9703d69d9d153bb230711d0d577454552aeb13d4",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.6.130",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.6.33",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "fs/f2fs/gc.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.9"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.9",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.6.130",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.12.78",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.17.3",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.18",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: fix to avoid migrating empty section\n\nIt reports a bug from device w/ zufs:\n\nF2FS-fs (dm-64): Inconsistent segment (173822) type [1, 0] in SSA and SIT\nF2FS-fs (dm-64): Stopped filesystem due to reason: 4\n\nThread A\t\t\t\tThread B\n- f2fs_expand_inode_data\n - f2fs_allocate_pinning_section\n  - f2fs_gc_range\n   - do_garbage_collect w/ segno #x\n\t\t\t\t\t- writepage\n\t\t\t\t\t - f2fs_allocate_data_block\n\t\t\t\t\t  - new_curseg\n\t\t\t\t\t   - allocate segno #x\n\nThe root cause is: fallocate on pinning file may race w/ block allocation\nas above, result in do_garbage_collect() from fallocate() may migrate\nsegment which is just allocated by a log, the log will update segment type\nin its in-memory structure, however GC will get segment type from on-disk\nSSA block, once segment type changes by log, we can detect such\ninconsistency, then shutdown filesystem.\n\nIn this case, on-disk SSA shows type of segno #173822 is 1 (SUM_TYPE_NODE),\nhowever segno #173822 was just allocated as data type segment, so in-memory\nSIT shows type of segno #173822 is 0 (SUM_TYPE_DATA).\n\nChange as below to fix this issue:\n- check whether current section is empty before gc\n- add sanity checks on do_garbage_collect() to avoid any race case, result\nin migrating segment used by log.\n- btw, it fixes misc issue in printed logs: \"SSA and SIT\" -\u003e \"SIT and SSA\"."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nf2fs: arreglo para evitar migrar una secci\u00f3n vac\u00eda\n\nReporta un error desde un dispositivo con zufs:\n\nF2FS-fs (dm-64): Tipo de segmento inconsistente (173822) [1, 0] en SSA y SIT\nF2FS-fs (dm-64): Sistema de archivos detenido debido a la raz\u00f3n: 4\n\nHilo A\t\t\t\tHilo B\n- f2fs_expand_inode_data\n - f2fs_allocate_pinning_section\n  - f2fs_gc_range\n   - do_garbage_collect con segno #x\n\t\t\t\t\t- writepage\n\t\t\t\t\t - f2fs_allocate_data_block\n\t\t\t\t\t  - new_curseg\n\t\t\t\t\t   - allocate segno #x\n\nLa causa ra\u00edz es: fallocate en un archivo de anclaje puede competir con la asignaci\u00f3n de bloques como se describe anteriormente, lo que resulta en que do_garbage_collect() desde fallocate() puede migrar un segmento que acaba de ser asignado por un registro; el registro actualizar\u00e1 el tipo de segmento en su estructura en memoria, sin embargo, el GC obtendr\u00e1 el tipo de segmento del bloque SSA en disco; una vez que el tipo de segmento cambie por el registro, podemos detectar dicha inconsistencia y luego apagar el sistema de archivos.\n\nEn este caso, el SSA en disco muestra que el tipo de segno #173822 es 1 (SUM_TYPE_NODE), sin embargo, el segno #173822 acababa de ser asignado como un segmento de tipo de datos, por lo que el SIT en memoria muestra que el tipo de segno #173822 es 0 (SUM_TYPE_DATA).\n\nCambio como se detalla a continuaci\u00f3n para solucionar este problema:\n- verificar si la secci\u00f3n actual est\u00e1 vac\u00eda antes del gc\n- a\u00f1adir comprobaciones de cordura en do_garbage_collect() para evitar cualquier caso de carrera, lo que resulta en la migraci\u00f3n de un segmento utilizado por el registro.\n- por cierto, soluciona un problema miscel\u00e1neo en los registros impresos: \u201cSSA y SIT\u201d -\u003e \u201cSIT y SSA\u201d."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-40150",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
        "metrics": {},
        "published": "2025-11-12T11:15:44.923",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/25d2dc669f2a7e48b335d1cb07139f2ffc9fe5df"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d625a2b08c089397d3a03bff13fa8645e4ec7a01"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db489778e6f2a4034c2cd26fadda2796eba24dcd"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eec1589be36fcf7440755703e4faeee2c01e360b"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:34:21+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40150",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40150",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: f2fs: fix to avoid migrating empty section",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40150.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.