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CVE-2025-21867 (GCVE-0-2025-21867)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-27 13:38 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:40
VLAI
Title
bpf, test_run: Fix use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf, test_run: Fix use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type() KMSAN reported a use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()[1]. The cause of the issue was that eth_skb_pkt_type() accessed skb's data that didn't contain an Ethernet header. This occurs when bpf_prog_test_run_xdp() passes an invalid value as the user_data argument to bpf_test_init(). Fix this by returning an error when user_data is less than ETH_HLEN in bpf_test_init(). Additionally, remove the check for "if (user_size > size)" as it is unnecessary. [1] BUG: KMSAN: use-after-free in eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: use-after-free in eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165 eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [inline] eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165 __xdp_build_skb_from_frame+0x5a8/0xa50 net/core/xdp.c:635 xdp_recv_frames net/bpf/test_run.c:272 [inline] xdp_test_run_batch net/bpf/test_run.c:361 [inline] bpf_test_run_xdp_live+0x2954/0x3330 net/bpf/test_run.c:390 bpf_prog_test_run_xdp+0x148e/0x1b10 net/bpf/test_run.c:1318 bpf_prog_test_run+0x5b7/0xa30 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:4371 __sys_bpf+0x6a6/0xe20 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5777 __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5866 [inline] __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864 [inline] __x64_sys_bpf+0xa4/0xf0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864 x64_sys_call+0x2ea0/0x3d90 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:322 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x1d0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Uninit was created at: free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1056 [inline] free_unref_page+0x156/0x1320 mm/page_alloc.c:2657 __free_pages+0xa3/0x1b0 mm/page_alloc.c:4838 bpf_ringbuf_free kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:226 [inline] ringbuf_map_free+0xff/0x1e0 kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:235 bpf_map_free kernel/bpf/syscall.c:838 [inline] bpf_map_free_deferred+0x17c/0x310 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:862 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa2b/0x1b60 kernel/workqueue.c:3310 worker_thread+0xedf/0x1550 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 kthread+0x535/0x6b0 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x6e/0x90 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 17276 Comm: syz.1.16450 Not tainted 6.12.0-05490-g9bb88c659673 #8 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-3.fc41 04/01/2014
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-28 17:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23 , < f615fccfc689cb48977d275ac2e391297b52392b (git)
Affected: be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23 , < d56d8a23d95100b65f40438639dd82db2af81c11 (git)
Affected: be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23 , < 972bafed67ca73ad9a56448384281eb5fd5c0ba3 (git)
Affected: be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23 , < 1a9e1284e87d59b1303b69d1808d310821d6e5f7 (git)
Affected: be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23 , < 6b3d638ca897e099fa99bd6d02189d3176f80a47 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.18
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.18 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.130 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.80 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.17 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.5 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf, test_run: Fix use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()\n\nKMSAN reported a use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()[1]. The\ncause of the issue was that eth_skb_pkt_type() accessed skb\u0027s data\nthat didn\u0027t contain an Ethernet header. This occurs when\nbpf_prog_test_run_xdp() passes an invalid value as the user_data\nargument to bpf_test_init().\n\nFix this by returning an error when user_data is less than ETH_HLEN in\nbpf_test_init(). Additionally, remove the check for \"if (user_size \u003e\nsize)\" as it is unnecessary.\n\n[1]\nBUG: KMSAN: use-after-free in eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [inline]\nBUG: KMSAN: use-after-free in eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165\n eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [inline]\n eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165\n __xdp_build_skb_from_frame+0x5a8/0xa50 net/core/xdp.c:635\n xdp_recv_frames net/bpf/test_run.c:272 [inline]\n xdp_test_run_batch net/bpf/test_run.c:361 [inline]\n bpf_test_run_xdp_live+0x2954/0x3330 net/bpf/test_run.c:390\n bpf_prog_test_run_xdp+0x148e/0x1b10 net/bpf/test_run.c:1318\n bpf_prog_test_run+0x5b7/0xa30 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:4371\n __sys_bpf+0x6a6/0xe20 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5777\n __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5866 [inline]\n __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864 [inline]\n __x64_sys_bpf+0xa4/0xf0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864\n x64_sys_call+0x2ea0/0x3d90 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:322\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x1d0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n\nUninit was created at:\n free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1056 [inline]\n free_unref_page+0x156/0x1320 mm/page_alloc.c:2657\n __free_pages+0xa3/0x1b0 mm/page_alloc.c:4838\n bpf_ringbuf_free kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:226 [inline]\n ringbuf_map_free+0xff/0x1e0 kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:235\n bpf_map_free kernel/bpf/syscall.c:838 [inline]\n bpf_map_free_deferred+0x17c/0x310 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:862\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline]\n process_scheduled_works+0xa2b/0x1b60 kernel/workqueue.c:3310\n worker_thread+0xedf/0x1550 kernel/workqueue.c:3391\n kthread+0x535/0x6b0 kernel/kthread.c:389\n ret_from_fork+0x6e/0x90 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244\n\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 17276 Comm: syz.1.16450 Not tainted 6.12.0-05490-g9bb88c659673 #8\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-3.fc41 04/01/2014"
        }
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is triggered through the local `bpf(BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN)` syscall with `BPF_F_TEST_XDP_LIVE_FRAMES` and a short `data_size_in`; no network input reaches this code. Per kernel scoring guidance, BPF syscall-reachable bugs are Local.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls `data_size_in`, `batch_size`, `repeat` and the XDP program, so the out-of-range read is triggered deterministically on every invocation with no race to win. Page-pool pages are freshly allocated non-zeroed pages, and the attacker can groom which freed pages get recycled by freeing chosen content immediately beforehand.\nPR:L - `bpf_prog_test_run()` performs no capability check whatsoever \u2014 the only gate is possession of an XDP program fd, which an unprivileged process can obtain via a delegated BPF token (`bpf_token_capable()` falls back to `ns_capable(token-\u003euserns, ...)`) or a bpffs pin, since `bpf_obj_do_get()` checks only file permissions. Loading a fresh XDP program needs CAP_BPF+CAP_NET_ADMIN, but that is a container/namespace-level privilege rather than real init-namespace root, so Low is the appropriate and higher-severity choice.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence itself via the `bpf()` syscall; no victim action, mount, or file open is needed. The XDP frames are looped straight back into the local receive path by the test-run machinery.\nS:U - The stale-memory read, the disclosed data, and the resulting malformed skb all remain within the kernel\u0027s own security authority. No hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `eth_skb_pkt_type()`/`eth_type_trans()` read the contents of a previously-freed page, and the derived `skb-\u003eprotocol` and `skb-\u003epkt_type` are directly readable by an `AF_PACKET` observer on loopback, giving a repeatable, unbounded oracle over recycled kernel memory that may contain pointers, keys, or user data. Per guidance, use-after-free reads of freed memory are scored High.\nI:H - Contents of freed memory \u2014 which the attacker can influence through heap grooming \u2014 become the Ethernet header that determines `skb-\u003eprotocol` and `skb-\u003epkt_type` for a frame injected into the local network stack via `netif_receive_skb_list()`, corrupting packet classification and delivery. Per guidance, use-after-free conditions are scored High for integrity.\nA:H - The kernel dereferences memory beyond the initialized frame and hands a geometrically invalid skb (`skb-\u003elen \u003c ETH_HLEN`, `mac_header == network_header`, `mac_len == 0`) to protocol handlers that assume `eth_type_trans()` pulled the header, and on hardened/KASAN/KMSAN builds the freed-page access itself is a fatal memory-error report. Per guidance, any use-after-free is scored High for availability."
            }
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    "datePublished": "2025-03-27T13:38:20.673Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.781Z",
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-21867\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-03-27T14:15:47.750\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-14T13:17:26.030\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nbpf, test_run: Fix use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()\\n\\nKMSAN reported a use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()[1]. The\\ncause of the issue was that eth_skb_pkt_type() accessed skb\u0027s data\\nthat didn\u0027t contain an Ethernet header. This occurs when\\nbpf_prog_test_run_xdp() passes an invalid value as the user_data\\nargument to bpf_test_init().\\n\\nFix this by returning an error when user_data is less than ETH_HLEN in\\nbpf_test_init(). Additionally, remove the check for \\\"if (user_size \u003e\\nsize)\\\" as it is unnecessary.\\n\\n[1]\\nBUG: KMSAN: use-after-free in eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [inline]\\nBUG: KMSAN: use-after-free in eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165\\n eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [inline]\\n eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165\\n __xdp_build_skb_from_frame+0x5a8/0xa50 net/core/xdp.c:635\\n xdp_recv_frames net/bpf/test_run.c:272 [inline]\\n xdp_test_run_batch net/bpf/test_run.c:361 [inline]\\n bpf_test_run_xdp_live+0x2954/0x3330 net/bpf/test_run.c:390\\n bpf_prog_test_run_xdp+0x148e/0x1b10 net/bpf/test_run.c:1318\\n bpf_prog_test_run+0x5b7/0xa30 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:4371\\n __sys_bpf+0x6a6/0xe20 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5777\\n __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5866 [inline]\\n __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864 [inline]\\n __x64_sys_bpf+0xa4/0xf0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864\\n x64_sys_call+0x2ea0/0x3d90 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:322\\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]\\n do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x1d0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\\n\\nUninit was created at:\\n free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1056 [inline]\\n free_unref_page+0x156/0x1320 mm/page_alloc.c:2657\\n __free_pages+0xa3/0x1b0 mm/page_alloc.c:4838\\n bpf_ringbuf_free kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:226 [inline]\\n ringbuf_map_free+0xff/0x1e0 kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:235\\n bpf_map_free kernel/bpf/syscall.c:838 [inline]\\n bpf_map_free_deferred+0x17c/0x310 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:862\\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline]\\n process_scheduled_works+0xa2b/0x1b60 kernel/workqueue.c:3310\\n worker_thread+0xedf/0x1550 kernel/workqueue.c:3391\\n kthread+0x535/0x6b0 kernel/kthread.c:389\\n ret_from_fork+0x6e/0x90 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147\\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244\\n\\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 17276 Comm: syz.1.16450 Not tainted 6.12.0-05490-g9bb88c659673 #8\\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-3.fc41 04/01/2014\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: bpf, test_run: Se solucion\u00f3 el problema de use-after-free en eth_skb_pkt_type(). KMSAN report\u00f3 un problema de use-after-free en eth_skb_pkt_type()[1]. La causa del problema era que eth_skb_pkt_type() acced\u00eda a datos de skb que no conten\u00edan un encabezado Ethernet. Esto ocurre cuando bpf_prog_test_run_xdp() pasa un valor no v\u00e1lido como argumento user_data a bpf_test_init(). Se soluciona devolviendo un error cuando user_data sea menor que ETH_HLEN en bpf_test_init(). Adem\u00e1s, se ha eliminado la comprobaci\u00f3n de \\\"if (user_size \u0026gt; size)\\\", ya que no es necesaria. [1] ERROR: KMSAN: use-after-free en eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [en l\u00ednea] ERROR: KMSAN: use-after-free en eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165 eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [en l\u00ednea] eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165 __xdp_build_skb_from_frame+0x5a8/0xa50 net/core/xdp.c:635 xdp_recv_frames net/bpf/test_run.c:272 [en l\u00ednea] xdp_test_run_batch net/bpf/test_run.c:361 [en l\u00ednea] bpf_test_run_xdp_live+0x2954/0x3330 net/bpf/test_run.c:390 bpf_prog_test_run_xdp+0x148e/0x1b10 net/bpf/test_run.c:1318 bpf_prog_test_run+0x5b7/0xa30 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:4371 __sys_bpf+0x6a6/0xe20 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5777 __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5866 [en l\u00ednea] __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864 [en l\u00ednea] __x64_sys_bpf+0xa4/0xf0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864 x64_sys_call+0x2ea0/0x3d90 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:322 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [en l\u00ednea] do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x1d0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Uninit se cre\u00f3 en: free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1056 [en l\u00ednea] free_unref_page+0x156/0x1320 mm/page_alloc.c:2657 __free_pages+0xa3/0x1b0 mm/page_alloc.c:4838 bpf_ringbuf_free kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:226 [en l\u00ednea] ringbuf_map_free+0xff/0x1e0 kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:235 bpf_map_free kernel/bpf/syscall.c:838 [en l\u00ednea] bpf_map_free_deferred+0x17c/0x310 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:862 proceso_un_trabajo kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [en l\u00ednea] proceso_scheduled_works+0xa2b/0x1b60 kernel/workqueue.c:3310 subproceso_trabajador+0xedf/0x1550 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 kthread+0x535/0x6b0 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x6e/0x90 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 17276 Comm: syz.1.16450 No contaminado 6.12.0-05490-g9bb88c659673 #8 Nombre del hardware: PC est\u00e1ndar QEMU (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-3.fc41 01/04/2014\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/bpf/test_run.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23\",\"lessThan\":\"f615fccfc689cb48977d275ac2e391297b52392b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23\",\"lessThan\":\"d56d8a23d95100b65f40438639dd82db2af81c11\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23\",\"lessThan\":\"972bafed67ca73ad9a56448384281eb5fd5c0ba3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23\",\"lessThan\":\"1a9e1284e87d59b1303b69d1808d310821d6e5f7\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23\",\"lessThan\":\"6b3d638ca897e099fa99bd6d02189d3176f80a47\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/bpf/test_run.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.18\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.18\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.130\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.80\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.5\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC 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    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T00:04:23+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21867",
      "id": "CVE-2025-21867",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-03-27T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "1293",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "112",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: bpf, test_run: Fix use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21867.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
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Per kernel scoring guidance, BPF syscall-reachable bugs are Local.\\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls `data_size_in`, `batch_size`, `repeat` and the XDP program, so the out-of-range read is triggered deterministically on every invocation with no race to win. Page-pool pages are freshly allocated non-zeroed pages, and the attacker can groom which freed pages get recycled by freeing chosen content immediately beforehand.\\nPR:L - `bpf_prog_test_run()` performs no capability check whatsoever \\u2014 the only gate is possession of an XDP program fd, which an unprivileged process can obtain via a delegated BPF token (`bpf_token_capable()` falls back to `ns_capable(token-\u003euserns, ...)`) or a bpffs pin, since `bpf_obj_do_get()` checks only file permissions. Loading a fresh XDP program needs CAP_BPF+CAP_NET_ADMIN, but that is a container/namespace-level privilege rather than real init-namespace root, so Low is the appropriate and higher-severity choice.\\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence itself via the `bpf()` syscall; no victim action, mount, or file open is needed. The XDP frames are looped straight back into the local receive path by the test-run machinery.\\nS:U - The stale-memory read, the disclosed data, and the resulting malformed skb all remain within the kernel\u0027s own security authority. No hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\\nC:H - `eth_skb_pkt_type()`/`eth_type_trans()` read the contents of a previously-freed page, and the derived `skb-\u003eprotocol` and `skb-\u003epkt_type` are directly readable by an `AF_PACKET` observer on loopback, giving a repeatable, unbounded oracle over recycled kernel memory that may contain pointers, keys, or user data. Per guidance, use-after-free reads of freed memory are scored High.\\nI:H - Contents of freed memory \\u2014 which the attacker can influence through heap grooming \\u2014 become the Ethernet header that determines `skb-\u003eprotocol` and `skb-\u003epkt_type` for a frame injected into the local network stack via `netif_receive_skb_list()`, corrupting packet classification and delivery. Per guidance, use-after-free conditions are scored High for integrity.\\nA:H - The kernel dereferences memory beyond the initialized frame and hands a geometrically invalid skb (`skb-\u003elen \u003c ETH_HLEN`, `mac_header == network_header`, `mac_len == 0`) to protocol handlers that assume `eth_type_trans()` pulled the header, and on hardened/KASAN/KMSAN builds the freed-page access itself is a fatal memory-error report. Per guidance, any use-after-free is scored High for availability.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23\", \"lessThan\": \"f615fccfc689cb48977d275ac2e391297b52392b\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23\", \"lessThan\": \"d56d8a23d95100b65f40438639dd82db2af81c11\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23\", \"lessThan\": \"972bafed67ca73ad9a56448384281eb5fd5c0ba3\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23\", \"lessThan\": \"1a9e1284e87d59b1303b69d1808d310821d6e5f7\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23\", \"lessThan\": \"6b3d638ca897e099fa99bd6d02189d3176f80a47\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/bpf/test_run.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.18\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.18\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.130\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.80\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.17\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.13.5\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.13.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.14\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/bpf/test_run.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f615fccfc689cb48977d275ac2e391297b52392b\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d56d8a23d95100b65f40438639dd82db2af81c11\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/972bafed67ca73ad9a56448384281eb5fd5c0ba3\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a9e1284e87d59b1303b69d1808d310821d6e5f7\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b3d638ca897e099fa99bd6d02189d3176f80a47\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nbpf, test_run: Fix use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()\\n\\nKMSAN reported a use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()[1]. The\\ncause of the issue was that eth_skb_pkt_type() accessed skb\u0027s data\\nthat didn\u0027t contain an Ethernet header. This occurs when\\nbpf_prog_test_run_xdp() passes an invalid value as the user_data\\nargument to bpf_test_init().\\n\\nFix this by returning an error when user_data is less than ETH_HLEN in\\nbpf_test_init(). Additionally, remove the check for \\\"if (user_size \u003e\\nsize)\\\" as it is unnecessary.\\n\\n[1]\\nBUG: KMSAN: use-after-free in eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [inline]\\nBUG: KMSAN: use-after-free in eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165\\n eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [inline]\\n eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165\\n __xdp_build_skb_from_frame+0x5a8/0xa50 net/core/xdp.c:635\\n xdp_recv_frames net/bpf/test_run.c:272 [inline]\\n xdp_test_run_batch net/bpf/test_run.c:361 [inline]\\n bpf_test_run_xdp_live+0x2954/0x3330 net/bpf/test_run.c:390\\n bpf_prog_test_run_xdp+0x148e/0x1b10 net/bpf/test_run.c:1318\\n bpf_prog_test_run+0x5b7/0xa30 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:4371\\n __sys_bpf+0x6a6/0xe20 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5777\\n __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5866 [inline]\\n __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864 [inline]\\n __x64_sys_bpf+0xa4/0xf0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864\\n x64_sys_call+0x2ea0/0x3d90 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:322\\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]\\n do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x1d0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\\n\\nUninit was created at:\\n free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1056 [inline]\\n free_unref_page+0x156/0x1320 mm/page_alloc.c:2657\\n __free_pages+0xa3/0x1b0 mm/page_alloc.c:4838\\n bpf_ringbuf_free kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:226 [inline]\\n ringbuf_map_free+0xff/0x1e0 kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:235\\n bpf_map_free kernel/bpf/syscall.c:838 [inline]\\n bpf_map_free_deferred+0x17c/0x310 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:862\\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline]\\n process_scheduled_works+0xa2b/0x1b60 kernel/workqueue.c:3310\\n worker_thread+0xedf/0x1550 kernel/workqueue.c:3391\\n kthread+0x535/0x6b0 kernel/kthread.c:389\\n ret_from_fork+0x6e/0x90 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147\\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244\\n\\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 17276 Comm: syz.1.16450 Not tainted 6.12.0-05490-g9bb88c659673 #8\\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-3.fc41 04/01/2014\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.130\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.80\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.17\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.13.5\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.14\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.18\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:54:59.299Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-21867\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-08T08:40:51.130Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-12-29T08:45:45.781Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-03-27T13:38:20.673Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.